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通过对湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物的TOC,TN,δ13CTOC,δ15N和s-ratio的研究,作者重建了全新世期间湖泊初级生产力的变
化,从而揭示了湖光岩地区全新世气候演变历史。早全新世时期(10 400~6100 yr BP),高值的TOC,TN,δ13CTOC和低值
的δ15N,s-ratio指示了高水平的湖泊初级生产力,反映温暖湿润的气候条件; 8500~7400 yr BP期间,δ15N出现最低值,同时
TN出现高值,表明可能受了固氮蓝藻的影响,指示该段时间季风减弱,可能为对应着8.2 ka事件;中全新世期间(6100~
3600 yr BP),TOC,TN和δ13CTOC下降,s-ratio上升,指示湖泊生产力下降,气候逐渐向冷干转变;晚全新世期间(3600 yr
BP至今),TOC和TN继续下降,δ13CTOC处于最低值,s-ratio达到最大值,代表季风最弱的时期和湖泊生产力持续降低。全新
世湖泊生产力的逐渐下降反映了季风的逐步减弱,而驱动因素则是北纬30°太阳辐射的减少。在~1000 yr BP以后,δ13CTOC与
δ15N表现出不同于全新世演化趋势的异常,可能指示人类活动的加剧,尤其是烧荒开田对沉积物的影响。 相似文献
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通过对湖光岩玛珥湖钻孔沉积物中正构烷烃的分析以及高碳数正构烷烃单体化合物稳定碳同位素(δ13C)的测定,重点探讨末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期湖光岩玛珥湖古植被状况及相关的古气候特点。结果显示:沉积物中正构烷烃整体呈现以高碳数为主的组成特征,在nC25~nC33范围内存在显著的奇碳优势。高碳数正构烷烃的分布特征表明在末次盛冰期湖光岩地区以草本植物为主,气候相对冷而干燥; 全新世大暖期,木本植物减少,草本植物相对增多,气温较高且湿润,有利于草本植物发育。长链正构烷烃的δ13C 值揭示在21.1~5.5kaB.P.间,湖光岩地区陆地植被为C3/C4植物混合格局,但总体上以C3植物为主。末次盛冰期,气候干旱,整体上以C4植被为主; 全新世大暖期,湖光岩地区陆地植被以C3植物占主导,当时的气候温暖湿润,有利于C3植物发育。 相似文献
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本文运用同步辐射X射线荧光光谱原位微区分析方法对湖光岩玛珥湖湖泊沉积物进行了分析,以核素测年(137Cs、210Pb和AMS 14C)数据为时间标尺,获得了1200年来Ti、Fe、Cu、Zn、Rb和Br等元素含量的高分辨率数据.Br元素含量与当地气象记录降水量变化大致呈正相关,可能说明区域降水是Br元素含量变化的主要影响因素.对1200年来Br元素含量的谱分析结果表明,Br元素含量变化的准周期分别为:1.5a、1.9~2.0a、2.1~2.6a、2.9~3.0a、374~442a和221~256a.其中,年际准周期变化可能与厄尔尼诺相关,而百年尺度的变化可能与太阳活动有关.从Ti元素含量与器测数据对比来看,Ti元素含量较高的时期也对应于降水量较大的时段,降水增加可能有利于碎屑物的搬运,但植被覆盖度、粒度效应等因素对沉积物中Ti元素存在正-负反馈机制. 相似文献
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硅藻广泛分布于湖泊沉积物中,其硅质骨骼的硅氧同位素组成(δ18O和δ30Si)通常可以记录当时水体的温度和同位素组成.近十年来,湖泊沉积物硅藻氧同位素组成(δ18Odia tom)被广泛用于指示湖区温度变化和水体氧同位素组成的变化.然而,迄今尚未见有对湖泊沉积物硅藻硅同位素的系统研究的报道. 相似文献
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湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物中的火山灰保存了其原始形貌、原生的沉积和成分特征,是进行岩芯沉积物对比和定年的理想材料之一。除了对火山灰进行常规的定年外,通过精确测定火山灰中玻璃碎屑(玻屑)的成分,并与已知时代的火山喷发物成分对比确定火山灰的年龄已成为火山灰年代学研究的重要领域之一,因为它能够区分年龄差别在同位素定年误差之内的数层火山灰。本文利用电子探针分析了湖光岩玛珥湖岩芯火山灰中玻屑的成分,经与全球年龄已知火山喷发物的成分对比和分析,认为该火山灰的年龄为74000aB.P.,在此基础上,讨论了湖光岩玛珥湖岩芯74000aB.P.以来沉积速率的变化趋势。 相似文献
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末次冰消期热带湖光岩玛珥湖古季风变化记录 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
末次冰消期热带湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物高分辨率的生物硅、总有机碳、总氮和总氢等有机地化指标记录显示了一系列百年至千年尺度的快速变化 ,表明季风环流系统运行的强烈不稳定性。这种不稳定变化与格陵兰冰芯记录的气候事件相比较 ,表现出一定的遥相关 ,但也表现出了末次冰消期初始转暖低纬度区超前高纬度区的显著不同 ,这种变化可能与低纬度区热带水文循环的驱动作用相关 相似文献
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玛珥湖的形成机制和特点不同于一般的火山口湖,其特有的沉积环境是发育和保存高分辨率气候记录的理想场所。近年来国外的玛珥湖研究在解决一些重要的古气候问题方面显示出巨大潜力。中国玛河湖分布广泛,中国科学院地质研究所最近对湖光岩玛珥湖的研究已经获得了初步成果。加强中国玛珥湖的研究,从不同地区玛珥湖的沉积物中获取高分辨率的气候变化信息,无论是对于研究东亚地区长期气候环境变迁历史,还是短期的人类活动与环境演变的关系,必将会取得非常有意义的成果。 相似文献
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玛珥湖与纹泥年代学 总被引:22,自引:4,他引:22
火山活动是影响全球变化的重要因素之一,玛珥湖和纹泥年代学是近年来古气候研究的新领域。玛珥湖由于其独特的封闭性及其物化条件,使之成为古环境变迁信息的理想载体。纹泥年代学是高分辨率研究过去全球变化的重要手段。玛珥湖的现存状态可以分为空型、湖型、沼泽型和干枯型。纹泥是某些玛珥湖中比较常见的一种沉积构造,它的形成需要一种精细的平衡。硅藻作为纹泥的一个重要组成部分,对光量、温度和各种无机盐反应敏锐,具有重要的古环境意义。能否制作完好的沉积物薄片是纹泥年代学成功与否的关键,本文对纹泥年代学的具体操作方法做了扼要介绍。中国有广泛的火山分布,其中不乏玛洱湖的存在,对之进行详细研究,不仅可以获得可与黄土、冰芯和深海岩芯相媲美的古气候序列,而且可以解决古气候学中某些难题。 相似文献
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本文对广东湛江湖光岩地区厚度分别为4 m和7 m的两个不同喷发时代玄武岩形成的风化壳样品进行Fe同位素分析,分析结果显示:厚度4m风化壳样品Fe同位素组成δ57Fe范围为0.17‰~0.57‰;厚度7 m风化壳样品Fe同位素组成δ57Fe范围为0.20‰~0.68‰,相对于标准物质IRMM-014,不同深度风化壳样品均显示Fe的重同位素富集.两风化壳剖面自下而上,随风化程度增大,风化壳样品中Fe同位素分馏程度也呈现逐渐增大的趋势,表明风化壳样品中Fe的重同位素富集趋势与风化壳的发育程度正相关,风化壳土壤中Fe同位素组成是反映土壤风化程度的指标.另一方面,风化过程可将地球外部圈层(岩石圈、水圈、生物圈)有机结合起来,风化壳土壤Fe同位素组成变化是表生植物和水淋滤共同作用的结果,对化学风化过程中Fe同位素研究,将会极大地补充表生过程中同位素地球化学的知识,同时Fe同位素可作为表生过程中物质的循环、环境的变化等过程中有力的示踪/指示技术手段加以应用. 相似文献
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SONG Liuting LIU Congqiang WANG Zhongliang ZHU Xiangkun TENG Yanguo TANG Suohan LI Jin LIANG Lili 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):712-722
To better understand the Fe isotope characteristics of natural samples in the Karst area, the Fe isotope compositions of riverine suspended particulates, lake suspended particulates, lake sediments, porewaters, phytoplanktons, and aerosols in the watersheds of Lake Aha (a mineralized water system) and Lake Hongfeng (a mesotrophic water system), which are located in the Karst area, southwest China, were investigated. The studied samples displayed a variable range between δ56Fe=?2.03‰ and 0.36‰. Aerosols and phytoplanktons have similar or slightly heavier Fe isotope compositions relative to the average of igneous rocks. Fe isotope compositions of riverine Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) were mainly affected by the types of tributaries. Suspended particulates collected from tributaries seriously contaminated with coal mine drainages displayed negative δ56Fe values (?0.89‰ to ?0.31‰) during summer, and there were significant increases of δ56Fe values in winter, except AR2, which was polluted with both coal mine drainage and sewage effluent. Characteristics of lakes have important influences on Fe isotope compositions of suspended particulates, lake sediments, and porewaters. The epilimnetic particulate Fe of Lake Hongfeng had δ56Fe=?0.04‰ to 0.13‰, while lighter Fe isotope compositions were measured for particulate Fe from Lake Aha, ranging from ?0.42‰ to ?0.09‰. Sediments collected from Hou Wu (HW) station of Lake Hongfeng have an average δ56Fe value of 0.09‰ and their corresponding porewaters have lighter Fe isotope compositions, ranging from ?0.57‰ to ?0.31‰; no significant variations have been observed. For the Liang Jiang Kou (LJK) station of Lake Aha, the content of reactive Fe and the concentration of sulfate were all high. Due to the reactive Fe recycling, including dissimilatory Fe reduction, adsorption, and Fe–sulfide formation, porewaters sampled near the sediment surface have been found to have a δ56Fe value as low as ?2.03‰ and an increase up to 0.12‰, with a burial depth of 10?cm. In contrast, an opposite variation trend was found for LJK sediments. Sediments sampled at 1-cm depth had a value of δ56Fe=?0.59‰ and decrease as low as ?1.75‰ with burial depth. This investigation demonstrated that significant Fe isotope fractionations occur in surface environments. Fe isotope compositions of particulate Fe were seriously affected by Fe sources, and Fe biogeochemical recycling has an important influence on Fe isotope fractionations in lake sediments, especially when there are significant amounts of reactive Fe and sulfate. 相似文献
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滇西富碱斑岩型多金属矿区黄铁矿和石英脉流体包裹体中R/Ra值主要为0.160 8~3.470 0,远高于地壳特征值,而整体略低于地幔特征值;20 Ne/22 Ne和21 Ne/22 Ne平均值分别为11.271 0和0.032 2,接近地幔同位素组成;40 Ar/36 Ar和38 Ar/36 Ar平均值分别为395.510 0和0.197 6,均高于大气比值,而低于MORB比值;与大气相比,128 Xe/130 Xe、129 Xe/130 Xe、131 Xe/130 Xe、132 Xe/130 Xe、134 Xe/130 Xe、136 Xe/130 Xe值均表现出过剩的特征;富硅成矿流体的δ30Si值为-2.4‰~-0.1‰,表现出几乎未经动力分馏的原始地幔流体性质,而富碱岩浆的δ30Si值为0.0‰~0.4‰,表现出历经强烈动力分馏的交代富集地幔流体性质。综合研究表明:滇西地区硅同位素组成与包裹体稀有气体同位素组成在显示含矿流体的幔源特征的同时,又表现出强烈的地壳特征;成矿物质主要来自地幔交代作用形成的富集地幔分异产物,即富碱岩浆和与之伴随的富硅成矿流体,二者携带成矿物质沿断裂进入地壳,伴随富硅成矿流体在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中对富碱斑岩与地层岩石的交代蚀变,从而引发壳幔物质叠加混染。正是这种流体作用构成了滇西新生代富碱斑岩多金属成矿的内在统一制约因素。 相似文献
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以取自海南岛北部双池玛珥湖SCH17-04岩芯全长为420cm的沉积物为材料, 对其开展了AMS14C测年和总汞浓度、总有机碳、常量地化元素、干密度等指标的测试分析。通过对多代用指标的综合比对分析, 并结合历史文献资料, 着重探讨了815~1510A.D.时段内区域气候环境与人类活动影响下的汞沉积过程及其可能影响因素。研究结果表明: 在研究时段内, SCH17-04岩芯中汞浓度(Hg-C)为0.22~3.11μg/g, 汞沉积通量(Hg-AR)为0.01~1.92μg/(cm2·a)。进一步分析发现, 双池玛珥湖沉积物中汞浓度与各环境代用指标之间呈现出变化步调的不一致性, 揭示了有机质吸附、土壤侵蚀、气候变化、海洋释放等自然因素可能对沉积物中汞积累的贡献较为微弱。综合岩芯记录与史料记载分析发现, 主要与人类活动关系较为密切的大气汞沉降输入占据着主导地位, 其中人为汞信号始于约940A.D., 对应于五代十国时期, 并且在约940~1130A.D.(五代十国中后期和北宋)和约1320~1420A.D.(元朝中后期和明朝初期)期间, 特别是在后一时期, 出现显著的人为汞通量峰值阶段, 这与历史上海南岛人口数量变化趋势较为吻合, 揭示了人类活动(如金属冶炼和开采、战争叛乱、人口迁移等)在这些时期对自然界中的汞释放与积累具有重要影响。
相似文献17.
Jeremy H. Wei David B. Finkelstein Julie Brigham‐Grette Isla S. Castañeda Norbert Nowaczyk 《Sedimentology》2014,61(6):1793-1811
Marine Isotope Stage 11 has been proposed as an analogue for the present interglacial interval; yet, terrestrial climate records from both this region and time interval are rare. The sediments deposited at Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30′N, 172°5′E) in Far East Russia contain a 3·56 Ma record of climate variability. This study presents a high‐resolution record of sediment colour change from Marine Isotope Stage 8 to 12 (ca 275 to 475 ka) and demonstrates the link between lake catchment processes and climate variability. The hue colour parameter, calculated from data collected via colour reflectance spectroscopy in the visible spectrum (380 to 720 nm), exhibits correspondence with global climate records. Determining the source of sediment colour changes was achieved through detailed mineralogical and sedimentological methods, and linked to colour changes through a series of colour sensitivity tests. Mineralogical data, measured by X‐ray diffraction, reveal fluctuations in concentrations of clay minerals corresponding to colour changes. Further analyses of the clay mineral assemblages show no change in relative clay mineral abundances, yet demonstrate a lake catchment dominated by physical weathering processes. Using measured mineral abundances, reconstructions of sediment colour based on colour reflectance mineral standards link mineral and clay mineral content to overall sediment colour. Colour sensitivity tests demonstrate the ability of iron oxide minerals to stain sediments red. Additionally, colour sensitivity to organic matter content was tested, suggesting that organic content drives variability in the red portion of the spectrum and darkens the overall colour signal. Sediment colour is then ultimately linked to physical weathering of bedrock minerals, with small amounts of chemical weathering producing iron oxides during wet intervals. Fluctuations in the sediment colour reveal a high‐resolution record of wet/dry cycles, and provide new information about wet periods for the Russian Arctic region not yet understood from other lake proxy records. 相似文献
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DENG Biping LIU Xianfan ZHANG Min LU Qiuxi ZHAO Fufeng CHU Yating LI Chunhui SONG Xiangfeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):230-232