固底管桩单桩承载力的研究

通过现场对预应力管桩底部采用高压旋喷法进行加固这一新的施工工艺试验,探讨预应力管桩桩端为水泥土情况下的受力机理及提高管桩端阻力和单桩极限承载力的效果,并探讨其在天津地区的适用性。     

超长预应力管桩施工实践

根据《先张法预应力混凝土管桩》（GB13476—1999）、浙江省建筑标准《设计结构标准图集》（2002浙G22）的规定,预应力管桩摩擦桩的长径比≯100,当用于端承桩或摩擦端承桩且须穿过一定厚度较硬土层时,其长径比≯80。理想·伊萨卡管桩工程最长的设计桩长60m,桩径为550及600mm,采用4节15m的桩连接,长径比超过100,属于超长预应力管桩且地基土层主要为粉土与砂土。通过杭州理想·伊萨卡管桩工程实例,对砂层、粉土层中超长预应力管桩的施工工艺的制定进行了有益的探索。     

1995年批准发布的工程建设技术标准

1.《低压管道输水灌溉工程技术规范（井灌区部分）》 SL/T153-95 2.《基桩低应变动。力检测规程》 JGJ/T93—95 3.（预应力混凝土大直径管桩制作及沉桩质量检验评定标准》 JTJ242-89的补充规定。     

桩基静载试验之钢铰线锚杆横梁反力装置测试技术的研究与应用

依据《建筑桩基技术规范》[1](JGJ94-94)和美国《桩基轴向抗压静载标准试验方法》[2](ASTMD1143),探讨了桩基静载试验之钢铰线锚杆横梁反力装置的测试技术,并成功的解决了某外资工地桩基静载试验的技术难题。     

福州地区预应力管桩施工常见断桩问题的分析及对策

结合福州地区预应力管桩施工的实际情况，从管桩施工过程及土方开挖过程2个方面分析了预应力管桩断桩的原因，并提出了应采取的对策。     

自重湿陷性黄土地区桩基设计探讨

根据自重湿陷性黄土的特点、《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》（GB50025—2004）和《建筑桩基技术规范》（JGJ94—94）中关于桩基设计的对比分析，通过自重湿陷性黄土场地工程实例分析计算，依据负摩擦产生的机理——中性点理论，论述了自重湿陷性黄土场地中桩基设计应考虑中性点，而不应全部计入负摩阻的观点。     

PHC管桩水平承载力试验研究

在统计福州地区56根预应力高强混凝土（PHC）管桩单桩水平静载荷试验资料基础上,结合《建筑桩基技术规范》规范推荐的m法计算,讨论了福州地区PHC管桩的水平承载力取值问题。对不同桩型的单桩水平静载试验进行m值反算,与规范推荐的m值相比较,探讨了福州地区不同桩周土层的m值取值范围。用规范推荐的两种力学模型分别计算了某试桩的弯矩曲线,与ABAQUS有限元软件模拟得到的弯矩曲线对比,验证了规范推荐的两种模型的适用性。结果表明,本地区采用m法确定PHC管桩的单桩水平承载力是适用的;上覆填土层的物理力学性状对淤泥层中PHC管桩水平承载力影响较大,宜采取规范附录中的“桩端支撑在非岩石类土中或基岩面”的模型计算本地区PHC管桩的水平承载力。     

桩箱筏优化设计的加速遗传算法

遗传算法作为一种全局优化算法，遗传算法克服了传统优化方法容易陷入局部最优值的缺陷。将新兴的交叉学科遗传算法引入到桩箱筏优化设计中，以桩箱筏的总造价作为优化目标函数，全部约束条件按《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ94—1994)给出，编制了桩筏优化设计计算程序，通过计算实例证明了遗传算法用于桩箱筏优化设计的可行性。     

关于预应力混凝土管桩工程应用中的几点认识

当前我国预应力混凝土管桩的工程应用发展迅速、量大面广,有关管桩的承载特性、设计、施工、检测等工作应引起重视。总结分析了当前预应力混凝土管桩的发展历史、应用现状及其工程应用中常遇到的问题,结合相关国家规范、行业标准及工程实测资料,针对预应力混凝土管桩的适用条件、承载性状、施工质量控制等问题进行深入对比分析。通过具体工程实例,总结了预应力混凝土管桩工程应用中的注意事项,给出了减少管桩工程质量事故的预防措施,并对工程中如何安全适用、经济合理地应用预应力混凝土管桩提出建议。     

利用静力触探数据估算钻孔灌注桩承载力的探索

《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ 94—2008)、《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》(JTG 3363—2019)等现行规范均给出了利用静力触探数据计算预制桩单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的公式,尚缺少利用静力触探数据计算钻孔灌注桩单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的公式。针对北京地区实际情况,根据现行规范混凝土预制桩和泥浆护壁钻(冲)孔桩的土层阻力经验值间的相对关系,初步建立了由静力触探法估算钻孔灌注桩的竖向极限承载力标准值的经验公式,工程实例表明,利用静力触探估算钻孔灌注桩承载力的数值在深部砂层较经验参数查表法有较大提高。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.