河南小秦岭杨砦峪金矿床成矿流体特征

河南省杨砦峪金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘,是小秦岭地区大型的石英脉型金矿床。据野外观察,成矿过程经历了4个阶段：Ⅰ黄铁矿-石英脉阶段;Ⅱ石英-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅲ石英-多金属硫化物阶段;Ⅳ石英-碳酸盐阶段。包裹体岩相学、显微测温以及激光拉曼显微探针研究显示,该矿床为CO₂-H₂O-NaCl±CH₄流体体系,并且发生不混溶。从第Ⅰ成矿阶段到Ⅳ成矿阶段,流体包裹体的均一温度范围分别是307~407℃,270~320℃,225~272℃和166~226℃,呈现逐步降低的趋势;盐度w（NaCl_eq）平均值分别为7.3%,7.1%,9.0% 和6.4%。各阶段成矿压力为120~178 MPa,85~140 MPa,75~130 MPa和60~122 MPa,呈现逐渐降低的趋势。流体不混溶作用是导致杨砦峪矿质沉淀的重要原因,其诱因可能与控矿断裂由压扭转为张扭所导致的构造减压有关。     

Geology,geochemistry and ore genesis of the Wenyu gold deposit,Xiaoqinling gold field,Qinling Orogen,southern margin of North China Craton

The Wenyu giant gold deposit is hosted in the Precambrian Taihua Supergroup metamorphic rocks within the Xiaoqinling terrane (Qinling Orogen), on the southern margin of the North China Craton. The mineralization can be divided into three stages: quartz–pyrite veins early, quartz–sulfide veins middle (main), and carbonate–quartz veinlets late, with gold being mainly introduced in main stage. Quartz formed in two earlier stages contains three compositional types of fluid inclusions, i.e. pure CO₂, CO₂–H₂O and NaCl–H₂O, but the late-stage minerals only contain the NaCl–H₂O inclusions. The inclusions in quartz formed in the early, main and late stages yield total homogenization temperatures of 262–417 °C, 236–407 °C and 114–239 °C, respectively, with salinities no higher than 13 wt.% NaCl equiv. Trapping pressures estimated from CO₂–H₂O inclusions are 139–399 MPa and 111–316 MPa in the early and main stages, corresponding to mineralization depths of 14 km and 11 km, respectively. Fluid boiling and mixing caused rapid precipitation of sulfides and native Au. Through boiling and inflow of meteoric water, the ore-forming fluid system evolved from CO₂-rich to CO₂-poor in composition, and from metamorphic to meteoric, as indicated by decreasing δ¹⁸O_water values from early to late. The carbon, sulfur and lead isotope compositions suggest the hostrocks within the Taihua Supergroup to be a significant source of ore metals. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, fluid inclusion and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope geochemistry, we conclude that the Wenyu gold deposit was an orogenic-type system formed in the tectonic transition from compression to extension during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous continental collision between the North China and Yangtze Cratons.     

Genetic Mineralogy of Pyrite from Jindoushan Gold Deposit,Yantai,Shandong Province

This paper deals with the genetic mineralogy of pyrite from the Jindoushan gold deposi.As a predominant gold-bearing mineral,pyrite bears lots of information about mineralization,which can be elucidated throug the study of mineralogical characters such as crystal form,chemical composiion,thermo-electrical coefficient,etc.In addition,the detailed genetic mineralogy data of pyrite can also help evaluate the prospects of gold deposits.     

LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of pyrite from the Xiaoqinling gold district, China: Implications for ore genesis

The Xiaoqinling district, the second largest gold producing district in China, is located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. It consists of three ore belts, namely, the northern ore belt, the middle ore belt and the southern ore belt. Pyrite from the Dahu gold deposit in the northern ore belt and Wenyu and Yinxin gold deposits in the southern ore belt were investigated using a combination of ore microscopy and in-situ laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A range of trace elements was analyzed, including Au, Te, Ag, Pb, Bi, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, Hg, As and Si. The results show that there are no systematic differences between the trace element compositions of pyrite in the three deposits from different ore belts. In general, Au concentrations in pyrite are low (from < 0.01 ppm to 2.2 ppm) but Ni concentrations are rather high (up to 8425 ppm). A four-stage mineralization process is indicated by microscopic and field observations and this can be related to the systematic trace element differences between distinct generations of pyrite. Stage I precedes the main gold mineralization stage; pyrite of this stage has the lowest Au concentrations. Stages II and III contributed most of the gold to the ore-forming system. The corresponding pyrite yielded the highest concentrations of Au and Ni. Our microscopic observations suggest that pyrite in the main gold mineralization stage precipitated simultaneously with molybdenite that has been previously dated as Indosinian (~ 218 Ma by Re–Os molybdenite dating), indicating the Indosinian as the main gold mineralization stage. The Indosinian mineralization age and the geological and geochemical features of these gold deposits (e.g., low salinity, CO₂-rich ore fluids; spatial association with large-scale compressional structures of the Qinling orogen; δ¹⁸O and δD data suggestive of mixing between metamorphic and meteoric waters; δ³⁴S and Pb-isotopic data that point to a mixed crustal-mantle source) all point to typical orogenic-type gold deposits. High Ni concentrations (up to 8425 ppm) of pyrite possibly linked to deep-seated mafic/ultramafic metamorphic rocks provide further evidence on the orogenic gold deposit affinity, but against the model of a granitic derivation of the mineralizing fluid as previously suggested by some workers. Generally low Au concentration in pyrite is also consistent with those from worldwide orogenic gold deposits. Therefore, the gold mineralization in the Xiaoqinling district is described as orogenic type, and is probably related to Indosinian collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.     

Distal Pb-Zn-Ag veins associated with the world-class Donggou porphyry Mo deposit,southern North China craton

The southern North China craton hosts numerous world-class porphyry Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposits. Whether or not the Pb-Zn-Ag veins are genetically associated with the porphyry Mo system remains contentious. Here we focus on the genetic relationships between the Sanyuangou Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposit and the world-class Donggou porphyry Mo deposit, and discuss the potential implications from the spatial and temporal relationships between porphyry and vein systems in the southern North China craton.At Sanyuangou, vein-hosted sulfide mineralization mainly comprises pyrite, sphalerite, and galena, with minor chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bornite, tetrahedrite, covellite, polybasite and argentite. The mineralization is hosted by a quartz diorite stock, which has a zircon U-Pb age of 1756 ± 9 Ma. However, sericite from alteration selvages of Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide mineralization yields a well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of 115.9 ± 0.9 Ma. Although nominally younger, the sericite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age is similar to the age of the nearby Donggou porphyry Mo deposit (zircon U-Pb age of 117.8 ± 0.9; molybdenite Re-Os ages of 117.5 ± 0.8 Ma and 116.4 ± 0.6 Ma). Pyrite from Donggou has elevated contents of Mo and Bi, whereas pyrite from Sanyuangou is enriched in Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Au, and As. This trace element pattern is consistent with metal zonation typically observed in porphyry related metallogenic systems. Pyrite grains from Sanyuangou have lead isotopes overlapping those from Donggou (17.273–17.495 vs. 17.328–17.517 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.431–15.566 vs. 15.408–15.551 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and 37.991–38.337 vs. 38.080–38.436 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb). Collectively, the geological, geochronological, and geochemical data support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the Sanyuangou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and confirm that the Pb-Zn-Ag veins and the Donggou Mo deposit form a porphyry-related magmatic-hydrothermal system.Given the widespread Pb-Zn-Ag veins and Mo mineralized porphyries in many districts of the southern North China craton, the model derived from this study has broad implications for further exploration of Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag resources in the area.     

小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中黄铁矿晶体的表面微形貌研究

利用微分干涉显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中黄铁矿晶体的表面微形貌进行了研究。黄铁矿晶体的{210}面上发育自由生长层，表明{210}面是F面，其生长机理受二维成核层生长所制约。除简单的五角十二面体外，其他形态黄铁矿晶体的{210}面上也发育有自由生长层。{210}面上的正条纹有些是由{100}面上生长层的边缘台阶在{210}面上叠堆形成，另一些正条纹则是{210}面上生长层边缘台阶堆叠的产物。透射电镜和电子衍射花样研究表明，负条纹黄铁矿晶体是由30～50nm大小的核团经自动定向附生作用形成，每个核团不是单晶体，而是由许多早先在溶液中形成的小微晶聚合而成。这些特征表明负条纹黄铁矿晶体是在溶液过饱和度极高和温度梯度小的理想环境中形成，它的形成与杂质无关。PBC理论和唐纳-哈克定律能较好地解释自然界中黄铁矿晶体{100}面上普遍发育自由生长层、而{210}面上自由生长层极为罕见的原因。除日本释迦内矿区黑矿之上的浮岩凝灰岩中产生出负条纹黄铁矿晶体外，在石英脉型金矿床中也有负条纹黄铁矿晶体产出。     

Multi-stage growth and invisible gold distribution in pyrite from the Kundarkocha sediment-hosted gold deposit,eastern India

Gold mineralization at Kundarkocha, India, is hosted in sheared gray quartz veins that were emplaced in carbonaceous pyritic phyllite. Gold occurs as enclosed grains within sulfides and free grains in quartz. Based on characteristic textural and chemical features, documented by X-ray element imaging, electron probe microanalysis and laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses, four pyrite types were identified in carbonaceous phyllites and auriferous veins. Rock-hosted fine-grained syn-sedimentary to early diagenetic pyrite framboids (PyI) have lower contents of Co and As but consistently high gold values. Pyrite of the next generation (PyII) has numerous silicate and rare sulfide inclusions; lower contents of Co and Ni, moderate As values; the highest mean value of invisible gold and maximum concentrations of trace elements such as Li, Ti, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, La, Ce, Ta, Th, U and Cr. Pyrite of the third generation (PyIII) shows evidence of overgrowth over PyII, contains both silicate and sulfide inclusions, and are characterized by moderate contents of Co, high Ni and low Au values and higher concentrations of large ion lithophile elements, but lesser amount of high field strength elements. Pyrites of the latest type (PyIV) occur as polycrystalline aggregates that contain inclusions of gold, sulfides and rare silicates, show oscillatory zoning of Co and As and the lowest concentrations of all other trace elements. Successive decrease in contents of majority of trace elements from PyII to PyIV is attributed to fluid-assisted recrystallization during diagenesis and low grade metamorphism.Later generation pyrites (PyII through PyIV) exhibit higher Au contents regardless of their As values, indicating occurrence of invisible gold mostly as nanoparticles, at times reaching up to 500 ppm. Unlike the majority of trace elements that underwent large-scale remobilizations, gold was somehow locked up in pyrite resulting in a rather lean deposit at Kundarkocha.     

Implications of pyrite geochemistry for gold mineralisation and remobilisation in the Jiaodong gold district,northeast China

The Jiaodong gold district of eastern China, the largest gold producing district in China, is located on the eastern margin of the North China Craton. It consists of three mineralisation belts: the western Zhao-Ye belt, the middle Qixia belt, and the eastern Muping–Rushan (Muru) belt. Over 85% of mineralisation is hosted in the Zhao-Ye belt, which is bordered by the mantle-tapping Tan Lu fault zone. Pyrite crystals from three deposits in the Zhao-Ye belt and three deposits in the Muru belt were studied using a combination of optical petrography, bulk pyrite geochemistry, and in-situ laser ablation ICP-MS. Results show that although mineralisation is broadly similar between the two belts, there are significant differences in ore and gangue mineral textures, pyrite geochemistry, and style of gold mineralisation.Texturally, pyrite grains from the Zhao-Ye belt are generally cubic and do not exhibit zoning. In contrast, Muru pyrite grains are more often pyritohedral, commonly exhibit well-defined concentric zoning, and display textures in ore and gangue minerals indicative of open space growth. Bulk pyrite geochemistry suggests a distinct enrichment in Pb, Bi, Au, Ag and Te in the Zhao-Ye belt, whereas the Muru belt pyrite is significantly enriched in As, Cu and Co. In situ pyrite geochemistry indicates that Au and As are variably correlated in the Zhao-Ye belt, typically only exhibiting correlation at low Au concentrations. Most gold occurs as visible electrum along pyrite fractures and grain boundaries, with a minor generation of invisible gold formed through As-facilitated uptake into pyrite. In the Muru belt, Au and As have a strong correlation and there is limited occurrence of gold particles, indicating that most gold in the Muru belt is invisible gold contained in the crystal structure of As-rich pyrite.The differences in style of gold mineralisation between the belts indicates an inherent difference in timing of gold introduction: in the Zhao-Ye belt, the visible electrum accounting for most of the gold endowment is formed post-pyrite, whereas the invisible gold in the Zhao-Ye and Muru belts is formed syn-pyrite. The heterogeneity in gold distribution in the Jiaodong district is attributed to melting of metallogenically fertile Archean crust at the base of the well-endowed Zhao-Ye belt, and the lack of a similarly fertile source region beneath the Muru belt.     

河南小秦岭金矿构造控矿规律及控矿模式

小秦岭金矿为产于绿岩中的脉状金矿床,受韧脆性剪切带控制。文章根据危机矿山项目在小秦岭地区的深部探矿资料,结合浅部勘探资料,通过研究认为：剪切带的规模与分布密度与金矿的成矿关系密切;剪切带的产状变化控制矿体的富集部位。剪切带演化的不同期次与不同成矿阶段相对应。总结控矿模式为“一街五巷三层楼”模式。     

Geological setting, mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the Middle Archaean Kalyadi copper deposit, western Dharwar craton, southern India

The Kalyadi polymetallic copper deposit occurs within the Middle Archaean (≥3.0 Ga), medium-grade Kalyadi schist belt which consists predominantly of ultramafic-mafic schists interbedded with chemogenic chert, detrital high Al-Mg schists and siliceous schists. This sedimentary exhalative type (SEDEX type) ore-body is the only copper deposit hosted in cherts in the western Dharwar craton. The Kalyadi supracrustal rocks are intruded by tonalite-trondhjemitic gneisses (ca. 3.0 Ga) and granite (ca. 2.6 Ga). The Kalyadi copper deposit is polygenetic in nature. The primary ores represented by disseminations of pyrite ± linneite and chalcopyrite ± magnetite essentially along the bedding lamination of the metachert are referred to as the metamorphosed chert-sulphide rhythmites of a primary stratiform type. The ore is of low-grade and records imprints of at least two events of deformation. Pyrite is characterised by high-Co values (262–4524 ppm) and high–Co/Ni ratios (3.0–19.7). Rare earth element patterns of the primary ores and the host metacherts are identical, characterised by La enrichment, absence of Eu anomalies and flat to depleted HREE patterns with δ ³⁴ S = −0.8‰. The secondary (remobilised) ores are structurally controlled occurring as veins and stringers discordant to the bedding lamination or schistosity. The constituent ores are chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite with minor pentlandite. These sulphides with low-Co/Ni ratios (0.87–1.80), have either a strong positive or negative Eu anomaly and show slight HREE enrichment. The δ ³⁴ S value ranges from +2.64 to −4.29‰. It is interpreted that the primary stratiform ores and the cherts were derived from volcanogenic hydrothermal fluids as syngenetic/chemical deposits in a deep sea environment. The secondary epigenetic mineralisation is related to subsequent migmatisation, deformational events and granitic activity. Received: 8 September 1995 / Accepted: 18 November 1996     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)- 岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5~150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%~92.73%,Ag=7.41%~9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905~926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)-岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5～150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%～92.73%,Ag=7.41%～9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905～926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。     

Gold Distribution in Tellurium-Rich Pyrite and Tellurides from the Xiaoqinling Gold District,Southern Margin of the North China Craton

Gold is commonly associated with arsenic in Asrich pyrite or arsenopyrite in a variety types of gold deposit, such as sediment-hosted gold deposits, epithermal Au-Ag deposits, Au-rich VMS deposits, and mesothermal lode gold deposits (Ciobanu and Cook,2002; Pals et al. , 2003; Zacharias et al. , 2004;Wagner et al. , 2007; Large et al. , 2009).     

Isotope and fluid inclusion geochemistry and genesis of the Qiangma gold deposit,Xiaoqinling gold field,Qinling Orogen,China

The Qiangma gold deposit is hosted in the > 1.9 Ga Taihua Supergroup metamorphic rocks in the Xiaoqinling terrane, Qinling Orogen, on the southern margin of the North China Craton. The mineralization can be divided as follows: quartz-pyrite veins early, quartz-polymetallic sulfide veinlets middle, and carbonate-quartz veinlets late stages, with gold being mainly introduced in the middle stage. Three types of fluid inclusions were identified based on petrography and laser Raman spectroscopy, i.e., pure carbonic, carbonic-aqueous (CO₂–H₂O) and aqueous inclusions.The early-stage quartz contains pure carbonic and CO₂–H₂O inclusions with salinities up to 12.7 wt.% NaCl equiv., bulk densities of 0.67 to 0.86 g/cm³, and homogenization temperatures of 280−365 °C. The early-stage is related to H₂O–CO₂ ± N₂ ± CH₄ fluids with isotopic signatures consistent with a metamorphic origin (δ¹⁸O_water = 3.1 to 5.2‰, δD = − 37 to − 73‰). The middle-stage quartz contains all three types of fluid inclusions, of which the CO₂–H₂O and aqueous inclusions yield homogenization temperatures of 249−346 °C and 230−345 °C, respectively. The CO₂–H₂O inclusions have salinities up to 10.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. and bulk densities of 0.70 to 0.98 g/cm³, with vapor bubbles composed of CO₂ and N₂. The isotopic ratios (δ¹⁸O_water = 2.2 to 3.6‰, δD = − 47 to − 79‰) suggest that the middle-stage fluids were mixed by metamorphic and meteoric fluids. In the late-stage quartz only the aqueous inclusions are observed, which have low salinities (0.9−9.9 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and low homogenization temperatures (145−223 °C). The isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O_water = − 1.9 to 0.5‰, δD = − 55 to − 66‰) indicates the late-stage fluids were mainly meteoric water.Trapping pressures estimated from CO₂–H₂O inclusions are 100−285 MPa for the middle stage, suggesting that gold mineralization mainly occurred at depths of 10 km. Fluid boiling and mixing caused rapid precipitation of sulfides and native Au. Through boiling and inflow of meteoric water, the ore-forming fluid system evolved from CO₂-rich to CO₂-poor in composition, and from metamorphic to meteoric, as indicated by decreasing δ¹⁸O_water values from early to late. The carbon, sulfur and lead isotope compositions suggest the hostrocks within the Taihua Supergroup to be a significant source of ore metals. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, and fluid inclusion and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope geochemistry, we conclude that the Qiangma gold deposit was an orogenic-type system formed in the tectonic transition from compression to extension during the Jurassic−Early Cretaceous continental collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.     

华北克拉通南缘大庄铌-稀土矿床地质、地球化学和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征

碱性岩型铌-稀土矿床是重要的铌-稀土矿资源类型。河南省方城县大庄铌-稀土矿位于华北克拉通南缘,是近年来新发现的一例赋存于霞石正长岩中的,具有中型规模的碱性岩型矿床。大庄矿区内共圈定17个NW—SE向带状展布的,呈囊状、不规则状、透镜状产出的铌-稀土矿体。铌-稀土矿石主要赋存于角闪霞石正长岩和黑云母正长岩中。矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、氟碳铈镧矿、褐钇铌矿和富铌榍石等。矿石的结构主要有斑状结构、他形粒状结构、半自形粒状结构、包含结构、交代结构、共生结构、伟晶结构等。矿石构造分为块状、脉状和片麻状构造等。热液蚀变包括萤石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和绿泥石化等。碱性岩样品具有低SiO₂、富碱、高铝的特征,稀土元素总量较高,轻重稀土分异明显,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Nb、Ta、Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,明显亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素。碱性岩全岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.68158～0.71090,ε_Nd(t)=―1.11～―0.37,两阶段模式年龄(t_DM2     

大兴安岭北段三道湾子碲化物型金矿床的发现及意义

大兴安岭北段三道湾子金矿床属于中一低温热液型金矿床。含金石英脉产于上侏罗统塔木兰沟组粗面安山岩和粗面安山质角砾岩中。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察和能谱分析。在矿脉中发现大量金、银碲化物。该矿物组合中Au、Ag、Te的含量统计分别为：Au30．20wt％、Ag34．35wt％和Te35．45wt％。该矿床可以与国际上典型的浅成低温热液Au-Ag-Te矿床对比。     

胶东牟平-乳山金矿带金青顶金矿碲化物矿物的特征及沉淀机制

通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜并结合能谱分析,在金青顶金矿Ⅱ号矿脉深部除含碲化物碲银矿、碲金银矿和碲铋矿外,首次发现碲金矿的存在,进一步证实了前人对于该矿床中存在碲金矿这一新矿物的推测,也打破了该金矿深部无碲金银矿的传统认识。这些碲化物呈连生体或者细脉状产于黄铁矿等硫化物、石英与黄铁矿裂隙中。在金银碲化物矿物中,Te含量变化较小,Au含量变化较大,与Ag呈负相关,与Bi为正相关。结合金-银-碲矿物成分-共生图解,对金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究。研究表明,Te总是优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有热液中Ag被消耗后才与Au结合形成碲金矿,最后Te被耗尽,矿液中残留很多的Au,从而形成自然金,说明随着成矿过程的演化,成矿热液可能逐渐富金,具体表现为碲银矿-碲金银矿-碲金矿-自然金的析出顺序。     

Geochemical characteristics of pyrite in Duolanasayi gold deposit, Xinjiang

The Duolanasayi gold deposit, 60 km NW of Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is a mid-large-scale gold deposit controlled by brittle-ductile shearing, and superimposed by albitite veins and late-stage magma hydrothermal solutions. There are four types of pyrite, which are contained in the light metamorphosed rocks (limestone, siltstone), altered-mineralized rocks (chlorite-schist, altered albite-granite, mineralized phyllite), quartz veins and carbonatite veinlets. The pyrite is the most common ore mineral. The Au-barren pyrite is present mainly in a simple form and gold-bearing pyrite is present mainly in a composite form. From the top downwards, the pyrite varies in crystal form from {100} and {210} {100} to {210} {100} {111} to {100} {111}. Geochemical studies indicate that the molecular contents of pyrite range from Fe1.057S2 to Fe0.941S2. Gold positively correlates with Mn, Sr, Zn, Te, Pb, Ba and Ag. There are four groups of trace elements: Fe-Cu-Sr-Ag, Au-Te-Co, As-Pb-Zn and Mn-V-Ti-Ba-Ni-Cr in pyrite. The REE characteristics show that the total amount of REE (ΣREE) ranges from 32.35×10 -6 to 132.18×10 -6; LREE/HREE, 4.466-9.142; (La/Yb)N, 3.719-11.133; (Eu/Sm)N, 0.553-1.656; (Sm/Nd)N, 0.602-0.717; La/Yb, 6.26-18.75; δEu, 0.628-2.309; δCe, 0.308-0.816. Sulfur isotopic compositions (δ 34S=-2.46‰--7.02‰) suggest that the sulfur associated with gold mineralization was derived from the upper mantle or lower crust.     

小秦岭文峪金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

文峪金矿位于小秦岭矿田南部,其产出受脆-韧性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为太华群变质杂岩.根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,可以将文峪金矿流体成矿过程分为早、中、晚三个阶段,其热液石英中发育CO2-H2O型、纯CO2型和H2O溶液型三种类型流体包裹体.平阶段石英中原生包裹体主要是CO2-H2O型和纯CO2型,其成分为CO2+H2O±N2±CH4,均一温度集中在290～330℃,盐度为1.02％～9.59％ NaCleqv;中阶段为主成矿阶段,该阶段石英中包含了所有3种类型的包裹体,其中以CO2-H2O型包裹体为主,获得CO2-H2O和水溶液包裹体均一温度集中在250～290℃,盐度为0.02％～12.81％NaCleqv;晚阶段石英仅发育水溶液型包裹体,具有较低的均一温度(114～239℃)和盐度(4.18％～8.95％ NaCleqv).根据CO2-H2O型包裹体计算早、中阶段压力分别为130 ～ 178MPa和85 ～ 150MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为4.7～6.5km和3.1～5.5km.总体而言,文峪金矿的初始流体具有中高温、富CO2、低盐度的变质流体特征,晚成矿阶段流体演化为低温、低盐度水溶液流体,流体的不混溶导致了主成矿期矿质的大量沉淀,文峪金矿为中浅成的造山型矿床.