半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)生长激素体外重组表达及活性分析

根据半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)生长激素(GH)基因的c DNA全长序列设计引物克隆得到其全长552个碱基成熟肽序列。利用RT-PCR方法将扩增片段克隆到原核表达载体p ET-28a上,实现了GH成熟肽在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的融合表达。融合蛋白分子量为26 k Da,在IPTG诱导4h时目的蛋白表达量最高,占细菌总蛋白的41.5%,主要以包涵体形式存在。Western-blotting分析表明GH融合蛋白可特异性地被6×His抗体识别。诱导表达后的菌液沉淀经纯化和复性后,获得大小为26 k Da的纯化GH融合蛋白。以ELISA方法检测纯化后的GH融合蛋白显示其具有免疫学活性。本研究为认识半滑舌鳎生长轴的调控机制提供了基础资料。     

6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶(gutD)基因克隆、测序和表达

本研究根据6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶基因(gutD)两端序列设计引物，以假单胞杆菌(Pseudonmonas XM)的总DNA为模板通过PCR的方法克隆gutD基因并进行序列分析，将克隆得到的gutD基因与原核表达载体pBV220连接并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)JM101后检测其蛋白表达及菌株生长耐盐性。     

中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)丝氨酸蛋白酶同源物基因(Fc-SPH)的重组表达及活性分析

以实验室前期克隆到的中国明对虾丝氨酸蛋白酶同源物基因(Fc-SPH)(GenBank登录号:DQ318859)为基础,利用原核表达系统对Fc-SPH基因成熟肽区域进行了重组表达和纯化复性分析,并对获得的重组目的蛋白开展了抑菌活性及微生物清除功能研究。结果表明:在体外成功获得了大量有活性的对虾Fc-SPH蛋白(rFc-SPH),活性研究显示rFc-SPH对大多数受试菌种都有明显的抑制效果,并可以加速中国明对虾清除体内外源微生物的速度。作者推断Fc-SPH即可以作为一线防御应答效应物直接参与虾类的先天免疫活动而发挥作用,也可以通过调理作用促进血细胞对病原微生物的吞噬和杀灭。     

哈维氏弧菌溶血素基因vhhA在大肠杆菌中的表达及活性研究

哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）是水产养殖动物（鱼、虾）的重要致病菌。已发现哈维氏弧菌对鱼类的致病性与其分泌的胞外产物中的溶血素相关，致病力最强的菌株VIB645有2个碱基序列非常相似的溶血素基因，vhhA和vhhB。本研究将vhhA克隆于pET-24d（＋）表达质粒，VHH溶血素蛋白作为1种带6组氨酸的融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中得到了过量表达。重组菌在鱼血平板上表现出很强的溶血活性，并且在卵磷脂平板上表现出磷脂酶活性。SDS-PAGE分析表明，表达蛋白的分子量约为43kDa。在17，25和37℃时重组的VHH溶血素蛋白都能得到很好的表达，达到最大表达量的时间分别为9,6和3h。在25℃进行诱导时，分泌到上清液中的表达蛋白的量最多。     

副溶血弧菌trh基因的克隆、表达及基因缺失株的构建

利用PCR方法从VP基因组DNA中扩增出trh溶血素基因,构建了大肠杆菌原核表达载体,对trh进行了表达和纯化,经溶血活性检测,复性蛋白具有溶血活性.同时还构建了trh基因缺失株,对trh基因进行了基因敲除研究.结果表明,单独敲除trh基因并不能够影响菌株的溶血活性,说明副溶血弧菌还存在其它溶血素基因.     

中国对虾细胞色素P450基因CYP4原核表达条件优化

根据克隆得到的中国对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）CYP4基因开放阅读框设计引物,构建了中国对虾CYP4基因原核表达载体p28a-CYP4,并对重组菌株Rosetta／28a-CYP4的原核表达条件进行了优化。结果表明：p28a—CYP4转化Rosetta后可实现CYP4基因的原核表达,SDS—PAGE分析显示其在56．0kDa处有显著诱导条带;通过对诱导温度、IPTG浓度、诱导时机（OD600）及诱导时间的优化表明,重组菌株Rosetta／p28a-CYP4的最佳诱导温度为37℃,最佳IPTG浓度为1．2mmol／L,最佳诱导时机及诱导时间分别为0．59和6h。     

对虾病毒IHHNV衣壳蛋白的克隆表达及新型双抗夹心ELISA的高效检测

通过利用分子生物学手段克隆IHHNV衣壳蛋白基因并构建原核表达载体,筛选抗原特性好的多肽免疫兔以制备高效的特异性IHHNV多克隆抗体,最终建立高效的检测对虾IHHNV的新型双抗夹心ELISA方法.实验结果表明该方法成功表达了对虾病毒IHHNV衣壳蛋白基因的抗原多肽,并制备出了高灵敏性的多克隆抗体.将抗原多肽及多克隆抗体用于ELISA的检测,抗体的效价在1∶12 800以上,最低可检测到1 pg的抗原蛋白,表明已成功建立高效的双抗夹心ELISA方法,对于对虾的海水养殖及IHHNV病毒性疾病的防控具有重要的参考价值.     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)Pthyastatin抗菌肽基因的克隆与表达分析

采用构建三疣梭子蟹血细胞全长cDNA文库的方法克隆了一个新型抗菌肽基因Pthyastatin,并用荧光定量RT-PCR方法,进行Pthyastatin的表达研究。结果表明,Pthyastatin前体由16个氨基酸残基的信号肽和成熟肽两部分组成,其中Pthyastatin成熟肽有两个结构域:N端的富含Pro/Arg结构域和C端的包含6个保守Cys残基与对虾抗菌肽penaeidins同源的结构域,表明Pthyastatin属于对虾抗菌肽penaeidins家族;荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果表明Pthyastatin在血细胞中高水平组成型表达;致病菌副溶血弧菌诱导后Pthyastatin在血细胞中表达先下调、后上调,在诱导后24h表达量又基本恢复到诱导前水平,支持Pthyastatin在血细胞中高水平组成型表达的观点,但致病菌诱导后表达变化机制不明。     

南极衣藻（Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L）谷胱甘肽还原酶基因的原核表达及其条件优化

采用RT-PCR技术克隆南极衣藻GR基因ORF全长cDNA,然后经酶切、连接等步骤构建其原核表达载体;并对其表达的诱导时间、IPTG浓度、温度进行了优化,以期获得较大量的酶蛋白。结果表明,将构建的原核表达载体pET-GR导入大肠杆菌BL21,可以高效表达融合蛋白;且表达的蛋白均以包涵体的形式存在;经SDS-PAGE电泳...     

中国对虾蛋白磷酸酶1催化亚基β基因的克隆表达及特性分析

本论文利用RACE(Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术克隆获得中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)蛋白磷酸酶1催化亚基β(Protein phosphatase 1catalytic subunit beta isoform,PP1β)基因cDNA序列全长。该基因全长1 214bp,包含一个987bp的开放阅读框,编码328个氨基酸。同源性分析显示,中国对虾PP1β氨基酸序列与不同物种PP1β的相似性高达90%~91%,表现出高度保守性。多序列比对结果显示,不同物种PP1β均含有丝氨酸/苏氨酸特异性蛋白磷酸酶家族的特征基序GDxHG、GDxVDRG和GNHE。系统进化树分析显示,甲壳动物PP1β聚为一大支,中国对虾PP1β和凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)聚为一小支。实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,PP1β在健康的中国对虾各组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中在性腺中表达最高,血细胞次之。白斑症病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)注射感染健康中国对虾后,血细胞和性腺中PP1β基因均呈上调表达,并在12h达到峰值,且在血细胞中上调表达更显著。构建了中国对虾PP1β基因原核重组表达载体pET28a-PP1β,转化大肠杆菌后成功诱导表达重组PP1β蛋白(rPP1β),分子量为41kDa。将亲和层析纯化的rPP1β免疫BALB/c小鼠制备抗血清,通过制备中国对虾血细胞滴片,应用间接免疫荧光法检测PP1β在血细胞中的分布情况,结果显示,中国对虾PP1β在血细胞的核区及细胞质内均有分布。本研究结果为进一步解析中国对虾PP1β与WSSV感染的相互关系提供了数据。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.