海洋微藻脂肪酸组成的比较研究

于１９９５￣１９９７年在中国科学院海洋研究所培养２０种海洋微藻,采用Ｂｌｉｇｈ－Ｄｙｅｒ法和气相色谱法进行脂肪酸组成的比较研究。结果表明,除个别藻外,海洋微藻的总脂含量均超过其干重的１０％,每一纲藻种都有其特征脂肪酸或几种脂肪酸的组合作为其化学分类的标记：绿藻纲中除小球藻的２０：５（ｎ－３）含量较高以外,一般含有较高的１６：４（ｎ－３）,不含２２：６（ｎ－３）;硅藻纲的１６：１（ｎ－７）含量高于１     

多棘海盘车幽门盲囊极性脂和脂肪酸组分的研究

对多棘海盘车（Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ）幽门盲囊中总脂、极性脂及脂仿酸组分进行了研究。结果表明，总脂含量占湿重的７．８５％。磷脂中ＰＣ、ＰＥ、ＰＳ含量较高，ＰＩ和ＤＰＧ含量较低。主要的脂肪酸是１６：０，１８：０，１８：１（ｎ＝９），２０：１（ｎ＝９）。２０：１（ｎ＝７），２０：４（ｎ＝６），２０：５（ｎ＝３），２２：６（ｎ＝３），占总脂肪酸的７４％以上。其中以２０：１（ｎ＝９）最为丰富     

氮源和N/P对眼点拟微球藻的生长、总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

报道了ＮａＮＯ３,ＮＨ４Ｃｌ和ＮＨ４ＮＯ３种氮源及Ｎ／Ｐ对海洋微藻眼点拟微球藻（Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｏｃｕｌａｔａ）的生长、总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,Ｎ／Ｐ从１０增加到９０,对细胸生长的影响不大,总脂含量最终都稳定在干重的２０％左右。１６：０、１６：Ｉｎ－９和２０：５ｎ－３（ＥＰＡ）是脂肪酸的主要组成,三者之和占总脂肪酸的７０％～８０％。在培养基Ｎ／Ｐ〉２０时,２０：５０ｎ     

7种(13株)杜氏藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成

在实验室条件下培养7种(13株)杜氏藻(Dunaliella),在生长的平衡期收获.分别采用索氏提取法和气相色谱法进行了总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的测定.它们的总脂含量在6.64%~16.18%(m/m,干重,下同)之间,其中7株的总脂含量超过10%.杜氏藻的16碳和18碳脂肪酸含量丰富,有着较高的C16∶0、C18∶1(n-12)、C18∶2(n-6)和C18∶3(n-3)脂肪酸,其中8株的不饱和脂肪酸含量超过总脂肪酸的50%.杜氏藻的EPA和DHA的含量较低,但是有5株超过总脂肪酸的10%.     

用QSAR法研究有机磷农药对海洋扁藻的构效关系

１９９７年３月,利用ＱＳＡＲ构效关系分析方法和计算模拟手段,对中国洞海地区常用的１１种有机磷农药对海洋五心形扁藻拦数抑制浓度进行研究。建立有机磷农药对海洋扁藻致毒效应的ＱＳＡＲ模型;ｌｇ（１／ＥＣ５０）＝０．１９３ｌｇＰ－０．０８（ｌｇＰ）＾２＋１．１０σ３＋０．２９２＾１Ｘ－０．１６４（ｎ＝１１,Ｓ＝２０,Ｒ＝０．９６９６）;ｌｇ（１／ＥＣ５０＿＝０．１９１ｌｇＰ－０．０９（ｌｇＰ）＾２＋１．０     

30株海洋绿藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成

对 11属 (小球藻属、绿囊藻属、微绿球藻属、海绿球藻属、卵胞藻属、原球藻属、咸胞藻属、杜氏藻属、裂丝藻属、塔胞藻属和衣藻属 )的 30株海洋绿藻进行特定条件下的一次性培养 ,在指数生长末期收获 ,进行了总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的分析。 2 1株海洋绿藻的总脂含量超过干重的10 % ,达 11.6 1%～ 34.4 9% ,其它 9株在 4 .2 5%～ 9.4 8%之间 ,绿藻的 16碳和 18碳脂肪酸最为丰富 ,有着含量较高的 16∶ 0、16∶ (n- 3)、18∶ 2 (n- 6 )和 18∶ 3(n- 3)脂肪酸。两株小球藻 (C95,C97)的2 0∶ 5(n- 3)脂肪酸含量较高 ,分别为 2 0 .8%和 2 6 .1%。另一株小球藻 (C10 2 )和两株裂丝藻 (C19和C2 0 ) EPA含量居中 ,分别为 8.0 % ,6 .0 %和 8.1%。其它藻株一般只含有少量的 2 0∶ 5(n- 3)和 2 2∶ 6 (n- 3)或不含 2 2∶ 6 (n- 3)     

钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白和多管藻R-藻红蛋白的分离纯化及摩尔消光系数的测定

１９９３年１１月～１９９４年１月用简单的羟基磷灰石柱层析法从多管藻中分 离纯化了Ｒ－藻红蛋白和从钝顶螺旋藻中纯化了Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白，它们的纯度（指可见 光部分的最大吸收与 ２８０ｎｍ处吸收值之比）可分别达到 ６（Ｒ－藻红蛋白）和 ５． ５（Ｃ－ 藻蓝蛋白）。由于不同藻种的同种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数不同，所以应用凯氏定 氮法并结合可见光的吸收值测定了上述两种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数，钝顶螺旋 藻Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白为１．８５３ × １０６ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１（６２０ｎｍ），多管藻Ｒ－藻红蛋白为１．７９６ × １０６ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１（４９８ｎｍ），为藻胆蛋白的浓度测定提供了方便。     

饵料对培养轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)脂肪酸组成的影响

本文综述了饵料对培养输虫脂肪酸组成的影响，以利于培养轮虫作为鱼类幼体的开口饵料之用。１强化饵料对轮上脂肪酸组成的影响以面包酵母加毛鳞鱼油等１０种强化饵料［３］来喂养轮虫发现：虽然饵料总脂含量变动很大（范围：２．１～１５％），但是投喂不同饵料２４ｈ后，轮虫的总指含量几乎是不变的（范围：８．１～１１．８％）。投喂面包酵母和鳕鱼肝油以及鱿鱼粉的一组轮虫具有总脂含量最高的特点。还发现：饵料中的ｎ－３ＨＵＦＡ（高度不饱和脂肪酸）和２２：６ｎ－３含量与轮虫中的含量有显著的正相关（ｐ＜０．０５）。鲱鱼卵粉的脂…     

铁对中肋骨条藻生长、色素化程度及氮同化能力的影响

以中肋骨条藻为对象，研究了铁以及铁与氮的交互作用对藻类生长、色素化程度及氮同化能力的影响。结果表明，在３×１０￣８～５×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３浓度范围内，随着Ｆｅ的增加，该藻对氮的吸收量增加，同化能力增大，细胞色素化程度降低，胞内氨基酸（ＡＡ）和蛋白质（Ｐｒ）含量升高，细胞生长加快，细胞生长率在Ｆｅ浓度为５×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３时达最大。叶绿素ａ和褐色素以及胞内ＡＡ和Ｐｒ与铁浓度的对数呈正相关关系。实验还发现，当Ｎ／Ｐ为２０：１时（比较４０：１和１０：１），铁与氮交互作用对细胞生长、色素化程度以及氮同化能力影响尤其显著：当Ｆｅ浓度一定时，不同形态的氮源对藻胞内ＡＡ转化为Ｐｒ速率的影响是低氧化态氮源高于高氧化态氮源     

钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白和多管藻R-藻红蛋白的分离纯化及摩尔消光系数的测定

１９９３年１１月￣１９９４年１月用简单的羟基磷灰石柱层析法从多管藻中分离纯化了Ｒ－藻红蛋白和从钝顶螺旋藻中纯化了Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白，它们的纯度（指可见光部分的最大吸收与２８０ｎｍ处吸收值之比）可分别达到６（Ｒ－藻红蛋白）和５．５（Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白）。由于不同藻种的同种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数不同，所以应用凯氏定氮法并结合可见光的吸收值测定了上述两种藻胆蛋白的摩尔消光系数，钝顶螺旋藻Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白为１．８５３×１     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.