湛江南柳河入海排污口邻近海域沉积物重金属污染评价

对南柳河排污口邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属的含量分布、富集状况进行分析,并采用潜在生态危害指数法进行评价。结果表明:Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg含量分布呈现由西北到东南递减的变化特点;5种重金属元素的富集程度均较重,且程度由大到小依次为Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd;生态危害评价显示,Pb,Cu,Zn等元素属于轻微生态危害,Hg,Cd等元素属于中等生态危害,5种元素生态危害程度由重到轻依次为Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn。     

珠江口荷包岛近岸海域沉积物重金属分布及其潜在生态危害评价

本文采用2008年在珠江口荷包岛近岸海域的调查数据,对表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及重金属与TOC的相关性进行了分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明:重金属Cd,Hg,Cr和As四种元素分布基本呈现荷包岛近岸海域较高的特点,重金属Zn,Pb和Cu的分布没有明显规律;重金属富集顺序为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞As＞Cr＞Pb。相关性研究表明,重金属Cu与Zn显著相关,Hg,Cr,Cd和As极显著相关;有机质是影响沉积物重金属迁移和转化的重要因素。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,荷包岛近岸海域表层沉积物重金属总体潜在生态危害轻微;各重金属生态危害程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn;对荷包岛近岸海域生态环境具有潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Cd和Hg。     

厚壳贻贝对重金属的生物积累及释放规律研究

应用实验生态方法研究了厚壳贻贝对8种常见的重金属生物积累和释放情况,得出了厚壳贻贝对重金属的生物富集系数、生物半衰期及生物富集曲线．结果表明：到积累实验结束时,厚壳贻贝对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg的生物富集系数分别是45．01、79．65、71．67、15．21、7．91、2．45和44．65．以积累实验结束时的生物富集系数为基准,厚壳贻贝对这几种重金属的富集能力为Zn〉Cd〉Pb〉Hg〉Ni〉Cr〉As．到释放实验结束时,厚壳贻贝对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg的生物半衰期分别是43．6、29．1、38．1、31．0、26．5、35．6、127．6、36．1d．以释放实验结束时的生物半衰期为基准,厚壳贻贝对这几种重金属的释放速度呈Cr〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉As,而且厚壳贻贝是Hg、Pb、Zn和Cd的净积累者．因此,厚壳贻贝是比较理想的重金属Hg、Pb、Zn和Cd污染的指示生物．     

Level and fate of heavy metals in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters

Dissolved concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were measured in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters. The results indicate that the ranges of dissolved heavy metals in the studied waters are as follows: Cu = 1.0−6.9 μg/L, Pb = 0.10−0.39 μg/L, Zn = 3.2−9.1 μg/L, and Cd = 0.011−0.049 μg/L. The behavior of the dissolved Cu was essentially conservative, but a high scatter was observed for the high salinity samples, and it is the same with Zn and Pb. The overall concentrations of dissolved Cd increase with the salinity. There were no differences between the surface, middle, and bottom layer for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd. Seasonal changes of their averages were not obvious on the whole. River discharges, sedimentary dynamics, and biological processes might determine the profiles of heavy metals. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

混合暴露条件下刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)对重金属的富集与释放特征

应用双箱动力学模型模拟了刺参在Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg和As 7种重金属混合暴露条件下,呼吸树、消化道和体壁组织对重金属的生物富集与释放实验。结果表明:(1)重金属在刺参组织器官中的富集具有选择性,理论平衡状态下,As、Cd、Cr在各组织的含量分布(CAmax):呼吸树消化道体壁,Cu、Zn分布规律(CAmax):消化道呼吸树体壁,Hg、Pb分布规律(CAmax):体壁呼吸树消化道。(2)刺参对不同重金属的富集系数存在显著差异(P0.05),呼吸树组织对Cr离子富集系数最高2298.2,其次是Cu、Cd离子,其BCF均在1500以上,Hg、Pb、Zn和As离子在呼吸树中的富集系数较低。体壁对Cu离子的富集系数最高为1560.7,对As离子富集系数最低52.7。消化道对Cu离子富集系数最高6037,对As离子富集系数最低为87.9。     

夏季珠江口沉积物?水界面重金属分布特征及其影响因子研究

珠江口受复杂径?潮动力耦合作用的影响,河口重金属迁移转化机制复杂多变。本文基于2018年夏季珠江口及其邻近海域海水和沉积物的调查资料,研究了珠江口多动力因子驱动下7种重金属元素汞、砷、锌、镉、铅、铜和铬的沉积、迁移和积累机制。结果表明:相比于溶解态重金属（水体中）的赋存状况,吸附态重金属（沉积物中）更稳定,污染也更严重;采用皮尔逊相关分析和主成分分析计算出重金属元素与环境因子之间的响应关系,溶解态重金属主要以稀释混合过程为主,吸附态重金属受有机碳和氧化还原作用的影响较大;沉积物?水界面重金属的分配系数显示出铅和铬易被吸附在颗粒物上,而镉和汞易溶解在水体中,揭示了河口复杂动力影响下元素在不同介质的形态转换特征;除了镉?铬、镉?铜和铬?砷这3组元素间不显著相关,其他元素间的显著相关性表明了重金属元素具有相似的来源,并采用主成分分析探讨了重金属元素的潜在来源,主要来源为工业废水,农业和大气沉降次之。研究结果可为有效控制重金属的排放和河口污染治理提供重要支撑。     

海南花场湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

对海南省花场湾内表层沉积物中重金属的含量进行测定,探讨其分布特征、相关性及潜在生态危害程度.含量测定结果表明,花场湾表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As的含量范围分别为8.41~51.45、5.96~30.73、16.87~99.15、18.60~57.80、0.12~0.76、0.020~0.073、6.02~17.56 mg/kg,均值分别为28.19、18.35、50.48、35.75、0.32、0.05、12.71 mg/kg.相关性分析结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、Cr及Cd具有相同污染源,主要受养殖影响;此外,Cu、As、Hg受潮汐影响较大,Pb与Zn受渔船及潮汐影响较大,Cd与Cr受沿岸虾塘影响较大.重金属潜在生态危害评价结果表明,研究区以中等生态危害为主,其次为强生态危害与轻微生态危害,多种重金属潜在生态危害指数(RI)高值基本位于花场湾潟湖中心.单金属潜在危害系数程度较高的是Cd与Hg,潜在生态风险大小依次为:CdHgAsCuPbCrZn.     

辽东湾表层沉积物的重金属污染特征与质量评价

本文研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染特征,评价其生态风险及环境质量。对辽东湾表层沉积物8种重金属（As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布进行了研究,采用Hankanson法和I_geo（地累积指数）分析了该海域重金属潜在生态风险,并评价了该海域的环境质量。在辽东湾葫芦岛附近海域、西南部六股河口东南部海域以及西部近岸海域表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量偏高。地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,辽东湾生态环境具有潜在危害的重金属主要是Cd、Hg和As,8种重金属潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni和Cr,各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均大于150,生态风险总体上处于中等生态风险等级。Cd和Hg是该海域沉积物重金属中主要污染物,局部区域达到中、中-强污染程度。环境质量评价表明,辽东湾表层沉积物重金属引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,但Cd和Hg显著富集,应予以重视。     

Some peculiarities of the trace-metal distribution in Baltic waters and sediments

Between 1980 and 1984 extensive studies were carried out in the Baltic Sea on trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in water, suspended matter and sediments. The results enabled the influence of different factors on metal distribution patterns to be considered. The vertical profiles of dissolved and particulate metals in waters of the central deep basins reflect influences caused by oxygen deficiency and anoxic conditions in near-bottom water layers. Peculiarities at Station BY15 in the Gotland Deep included high dissolved Fe, Mn and Co concentrations and remarkable enrichment of Zn (0.64%), Cd (51 μg g⁻¹) and Cu (0.15%) in particulate matter from the anoxic zone. Manganese-rich particles were accumulated above this layer.In fine-grained soft sediments below anoxic deep waters, maximum contents of Cd, Cu and Zn were observed, relative to other coring sites, between Bothnian Bay and Lübeck Bight. The Hg content in sediments probably reflects the joint flocculation with organic matter. Land-based sources seem to play the leading part for maximum lead contents.     

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价

对长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe、Hg、Cd的含量分布以及富集状况进行分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价该海域中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg、Cd污染的程度及其潜在的生态危害,结果表明:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe的分布特征表现为由近岸向远岸递减的趋势,整体上象山县和舟山群岛近岸海域的含量高于研究区北部含量;Hg在长江口南端含量较高,呈由西向东递减的趋势;Cd在长江口南端以及象山县东含量较高,在研究区中部含量较低。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物只有部分站点处于生态危害的中等级别,大多站点生态危害轻微,污染程度顺序为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;对长江口及其邻近海域生态环境具有潜在影响的重金属元素首先是Cd,其次是Hg。对底质环境质量进行系统聚类分析结果显示,象山县和长江口外以及济州岛西南近海海域的底质环境较差,应予以重视。     

辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属含量分析及污染评价

为了解辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征及污染程度,文章基于2017年3月辽东湾西北部12个采样站位表层沉积物7种重金属含量(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、As)的测定,对辽东湾西北部海洋沉积物中的重金属进行了研究。SPSS用于沉积物中重金属含量统计分析并通过地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数的方法评估重金属污染和生态危害的程度。结果显示:(1)辽东湾西北部沉积物重金属含量平均值只有Cd符合海洋沉积物一类标准,变异程度由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Cu,汞和镉受人为来源控制最高;(2)地累积指数法评价结果表明重金属元素污染程度由大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Zn、As、Cu、Pb;(3)潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明,单因子潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr,Hg具有很强的生态风险,综合生态风险指数在233.77~4785.15,平均1224.12,处于很强的生态风险水平。文章揭示了辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征,为该海域的生态环境建设提供依据。     

广西廉州湾贝类养殖区重金属的含量变化及潜在生态风险评价

根据2012—2017年每年8月廉州湾贝类养殖区现场监测资料,探讨了重金属(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd)在其海水和表层沉积物中的含量变化,评价了2种介质中重金属的污染状况和沉积物重金属的潜在危害状况.结果表明:海水中重金属平均含量为Cu Pb Cd Hg,除Cu外,Hg、Pb、Cd的年际变化均呈明显上升趋势,其污染程度顺序为Cu Hg Pb Cd,整体水质状况基本属于本底水平;表层沉积物中重金属平均含量为Pb Cu Cd Hg,除Hg外,Cu、Pb、Cd的年际变化趋势和水相中的变化基本一致,其污染程度排序为Cu Pb Hg Cd,整体处于中等污染水平;表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险程度顺序依次为Hg Cd Cu Pb,6次调查结果的综合潜在生态风险指数RI值均低于140,平均值为76. 98,表明该海域属于低潜在生态风险水平.     

海口湾海水重金属的行为特征

本文对海口湾溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉进行了测定.铜的变化范围为:0.47～1.16μg/dm3,平均值为0.78μg/dm3;铅的变化范围为:0.94～2.36μg/dm3,平均值为1.36μg/dm3;锌的变化范围为:1.28～4.83μg/dm3,平均值为3.14μg/dm3;镉的变化范围为:0.005～0.072μg/dm3,平均值为0.030μg/dm3,Cu、Zn的溶解态含量在龙昆路生活污水排污沟口、秀英工业排污沟口及海甸溪口的测站相对较高,Pb、Cd溶解态含量较低,湾内各站平面分布较为均匀.它们的溶解态含量垂直变化趋势为:Cu、Pb、Zn底层大于表层,而Cd表层大于底层.对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的颗粒态含量也进行了测定,指出海口湾海水中的颗粒物对重金属的净化起一定作用.对铜的溶解态中的强络合态和不稳态铜也进行了研究,强络合态占总溶解态的比例均在85%以上,对生物起毒性作用有关的不稳态铜含量很低,均小于5nmol/dm3,表明目前海口湾海水中的重金属铜不会对生物生长产生影响.     

兴化湾表层海水和沉积物中重金属含量的时空变化特征

根据福建兴化湾2006年12月（冬季）和2007年4月（春季）表层海水以及2007年3月表层沉积物的监测资料,分析了该海域表层海水和沉积物中重金属Cu、Pb、zn、Cd、Hg和As含量的时空变化特征,评价了该海域重金属的污染程度．结果表明：冬季,调查海域表层海水中cu、Pb、zn、cd、Hg、As的含量范围分别为〈0．20～2．42、〈0．03～1．08、〈3．1～16．5、〈0．010—0．043、〈0．007～0．170、0．82～4．00肌g／dm’;春季其含量范围分别为0．91～3．80、0．18～3．40、8．7～36．0、〈0．Ol～0．22、〈0．007～0．063、0．63～1．58~g／dm’．这两季表层海水重金属的测值均低于《海水水质标准（GB3097—1997）》第二类标准值,其中春季cu、Pb、zn、cd含量的均值高于冬季,可能与陆源重金属污染物入海的影响有关．兴化湾表层沉积物中cu、Ph、zn、Cd、Hg和As的含量范围分别为7．60～22．oo、22．4～39．1、54．2～114．0、0．045～0．082、0．020～0．066、5．00～10．20mg／kg,均低于《海洋沉积物质量（GB18668_2002）》的第一类标准值．该湾表层海水和沉积物中重金属含量的平面分布特征呈近岸海域较高．此外,对其历年来监测结果的比较表明,兴化湾表层海水和沉积物中cu和Ph含量的多次监测值较接近,但重金属zn含量的监测值存在着波动现象．     

Mobilization of metals from riverine suspended matter in seawater

Suspended matter from rivers in the Russian Far East was leached by seawater to assess the extent of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu release from the land-derived solids to estuarine and coastal waters. The concentration of solids in the leaching experiments was 0.25 g/l. The suspended matter used varied in metal content from background levels to heavily contaminated.The concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in the leaching solution after 1, 4, 24, 48, and 96 h was determined by anodic stripping voltammetry. Measurable Cd was transferred from river suspended matter to seawater with both background and elevated Cd concentrations, though the amount of Cd released was different. The increase in Zn and Pb in solution was observed only at the enriched concentration of metals in the suspended solids. The Cu transfer into solution was more pronounced from material with elevated Cu concentration, but the amount of degradable organic matter in the solid phase was more important.The losses of metals from the riverine solids varied from 60% to 80% of total concentration for Cd to negligible for Pb, independent of contamination. The Zn loss depended on the initial concentration in the solids and decreased from 11–16% for the heavily contaminated suspended matter to 3–8% for the moderately enriched ones and to negligible for the pristine solids. Cu loss varied from 1% to 30% of total content, with no clear dependence on concentration in the suspended matter.The significance of additional input of dissolved metals to estuarine and coastal waters from remobilization was assessed by comparison with the initial concentration of dissolved metals in river water. Such experiments could be used to assess the water quality impact of atmospheric fallout of contaminated solids and storm drainage from the urbanized areas, in addition to river suspended matter studies.     

Behavior features of heavy metals in the Haikou Bay waters

INThonUCrIONBecause of the discharge of industrial waste water, waste residue, waste gas and acid rain theheavy metals concentration in river and lake and eventually in seawater have been increasing.Therefore many studies on heavy metals innuencing marine ecological environment have beencarried out (Sun et al., 1990; Sunda and Guillard, 1976; Zhu et al., 1992). After entering intothe sea, heavy metals change, transfer and transform, and these processes have gained attentionfrom marine envi…     

Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast

The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators.     

威海双岛湾海域重金属的分布特征及生态风险评价

根据2012年双岛湾海域环境调查资料,研究了海水和表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征以及生态风险。结果显示,双岛湾海域海水中的重金属Cu和Pb在湾中部和湾底的部分站位含量较高,Zn和Cr含量在湾底最高、湾外最低,Cd和Hg在湾底和湾外的含量均高于湾中部,As的分布比较均匀;除Zn和Pb外,其余重金属含量均高于周边其他海域。双岛湾海域沉积物中重金属含量较低,与区域背景值相近,其中重金属Hg和Cd在湾内沉积作用明显,而Cu、Pb和Cr在湾外沉积作用比较明显。相关性分析表明,有机碳含量对双岛湾沉积物中的重金属分布影响不大。生态风险评价结果表明,双岛湾海域海水未受到重金属的污染;表层沉积物中重金属存在中低度的生态风险,具有潜在的不利生物毒性效应,重金属毒性大小依次为Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr=Cd>Zn。     

RELEASE OF HEAVY METALS FROM HARBOUR''S SEDIMENT TO SEAWATER: A LABORATORY STUDY

The release and removal behaviour of Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn from the sediment of Xiamen Harbour to sea water have been studied under ultra-clean laboratory condition within 168 b. Initial rapid increases in dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Co were observed in the first six hours and twelve hours respectively after addition of various amounts of sediment. Then Pb and Co decreased to background values, while Zn decreased to less than the background value and Cu remained unchanged. Cd and Ni did not increase during the experiment. The results indicated that the weakly bound heavy metals were released from the sediment through desorption or exchange. Simultaneously, they might form complexes or be adsorbed in colloids or particles. The two processes existed simultaneously, changing with time and conditions.     

大辽河口溶解态重金属的变化特征及影响因素研究

分别于2009年7月和2010年4月在大辽河口采集表层水样,测定了水体中溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr的含量,并对其分布特征及影响因素进行探讨。结果表明:除2010年4月Cu,及个别站位Pb、Zn含量较高外,表层水重金属含量均达到国家一类海水水质标准。2010年4月表层水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的浓度大于2009年7月,2航次Cu、Cd、Cr的含量由河向海呈逐渐上升趋势,2010年4月Pb、Zn的含量表现为河口段高于口外海滨。重金属的含量和分布主要受径流量、潮汐作用以及风浪扰动的影响。