太阳宁静区的高分辨率像复原

本文介绍在怀柔６０ｃｍ多通道太阳望远镜上运用斑点干涉像复原方法所取得的一些初步结果,对用短暴光方法（暴光时间不大于１０毫秒）获得的一系列“冻结”大气后的目标像用斑点干涉像复原方法进行处理,即可获得消除了地球大气影响的目标复原像,斑点掩模法即为斑点干涉像复原方法的一种,我们用它对日面中心的宁静区米粒进行处理,复原出了分率不劣于０．〃５的白光米粒象。     

波前相位差法探测器的设计

波前相位差法是利用焦面像和离焦面像通过一个相位多样性算法来拟合相位或对目标复原,这就要求采集两个图像,一个是焦面像,另一个是离焦面像。本文的设计是根据晶体的偏振原理分像,并将焦面像和离焦像同时采集到同一个CCD(Charge Coupled Device)上,这种方法保证了两个图像的同步、实时,而且光学系统简单。文中具体给出了一种新型波前相位差法探测器的设计方案、像差分析,并且模拟了波前相位差法探测器对模拟结果的影响。     

ASO-S/HXI太阳指向镜算法研究

硬X射线成像是研究太阳耀斑等爆发现象的重要手段.由于采用调制成像而非直接成像的原因, X射线图像在日面上的位置需要借助太阳指向镜提供的仪器指向的日面坐标来确定.因此,指向信息对于耀斑定位实现多波段研究,理解太阳耀斑的物理过程具有重要的科学意义.在此对两种太阳指向镜指向信息的获取算法进行了测试.结合太阳指向镜的设计方案,首先利用SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory)/AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly) 4500?的数据产生测试图像,其次对其进行二值化处理,分别提取日面轮廓和4个边角指定区域面积;最后分别利用最小二乘法和四象限法对太阳中心坐标进行反演.初步结果显示最小二乘法受随机噪声影响小,定位精度相对稳定约为0.25′′,并可提供四象限法解算的初值;后者的精度可以优于0.14′′,但受随机噪声影响较大.两种算法的精度都显著优于硬X射线成像仪(Hard X-ray Imager, HXI)太阳指向镜的设计要求,可为指向数据在将来科学分析中的实际应用提供参考.     

利用中国古代中心食记录得到的地球自转速率变化参数

本文简要叙述了一种利用古代中心日食记录研究古代地球自转速率变化的基本原理和方法(简称为“中心食法”),并对中国古代部分中心食记录进行了分析计算,得到初步结果。所用资料为中国史书中春秋至唐代初年一千四百余年间的中心食记录,选用了其中的88例用于计算地球自转速率变化的参数ΔT,其结果表明了地球自转的长期减慢,求得相对加速度的均值为-(1.88±0.10)×10~(-10)/年.     

两种样本输入方式下基于GRNN的日长变化预报结果的比较

针对广义回归神经网络用于日长变化预报过程中,样本的输入方式对预报结果的影响进行了研究。采用2种输入方式:即样本按不同跨度输入以及按连续输入,对日长变化进行预报。最终证明不同的样本输入方式对日长变化预报精度的影响较大,样本按跨度输入在超短期预报中预报精度较高,样本采用连续输入的方式在短期和中期预报中预报精度较高。     

一种研究空间谱指数变化的新方法

本文介绍了一种用于射电天文学谱指数研究的新方法－双色微分图解法，在进行谱指数分析所使用的多频图中，一般存在有不同的背景分量及大尺度缓变分量，使用本文介绍的新万法得到的结果不受这两种成分的影响，这种新方法还可用于热及非热射电辐射分离，本文还给出了应用实例，首次精确计算了SNRG78．2＋2．1的多频空间谱指数分布。     

测定度盘分划改正的新方法──组合固定角距法

本文分析了国外用于测定度盘分划改正的几种方法，并分析了固定角距法的优点和不足之处；详细叙述了组合固定角距法测定对径改正的原理和计算公式；并且讨论了两对显微镜之间夹角变化以及显微镜比例尺变化对对径改正的影响，给出了相应的修正方法。用固定角距法所测的对径改正精度可达±０″．００９。     

行星状星云测距的研究现状

行星状星云是研究恒星演化、星际介质与星系化学形成历史与演化等问题的重要探针。距离是行星状星云的基本物理参数,对研究其大小、光度、电离质量、形成率、空间密度和在银河系内的分布等性质至关重要。河内行星状星云距离的研究已有几十年历史,但其测距结果的准确性普遍偏低,仅有31颗距离的不确定度在20%内。概述了行星状星云测距的9种主要方法,即:三角视差法、星团成员法、膨胀视差法、分光视差法、红化方法、Na D线吸收法、中心重力法、统计方法、运动学方法。着重介绍运动学测距法,用于测量受银道面上消光严重或没有可观测中心星但射电较明亮的行星状星云距离,为将来进一步的测距工作提供参考。     

太阳质量损失对地球轨道改变的长期影响的估计

研究了太阳质量损失对地球轨道改变的长期影响。太阳质量损失包括太阳因光于辐射和太阳风流失两方面产生的质量损失。利用二体问题的中心体变质量的Jeans理论估计了太阳目前在主序阶段和将来后主序 (红巨星 )阶段由于上述两种机制造成的质量损失对地球轨道改变的长期效应。计算结果表明 :太阳质量损失在主序阶段对地球轨道改变的影响较小 ,但在后主序阶段对地球轨道改变的影响甚大 ,且此估计只是一种理论预测。     

光纤式积分视场光谱仪实验研究

在几种适合用来对面天体进行分光测量的仪器中,积分视场光谱仪(Integral Field Spectrograph,IFS)因为能同时获得面源的光谱信息而备受关注.基于对IFS的初步研究,在实验室中进行光纤式IFS实验,取得一定进展后再将实验设备用于云南天文台2.4 m望远镜,对特定的天体进行测量,从而为科学级IFS的...     

现代日晕光度计多波段测光系统初步测试结果分析

现代日晕光度计是用于精确测定监测址点的多种大气参量的精密仪器,它已列为我国西部太阳设备选址工作中的重要设备。利用同一架日晕光度计首先对昭通大山包进行了多波段数据采集。在仔细分析初步测光结果的基础上,进一步完善日晕光度计的光学系统。使用改进后的设备对昆明凤凰山址点进行了多次数据采集,都获得了理想数据。这表明日晕光度计的多波段测光系统已能够用于西部太阳选址工作中。     

Location of the rotation axis of a tumbling cylindrical earth satellite by using visual observations: Part I: Theory

Previously published methods for location of the rotation axis of an Earth satellite using visual observations have relied upon a continuous recording of its brightness variations—the photometric signature. A method is described for locating the axis by using simpler data: observations of the ratio of maximum brightness to minimum brightness during a rotation period are required. Each observation identifies an area of the celestial sphere towards which the axis must point. Several observations are required to limit the areas indicated and to remove ambiguities. The method is demonstrated, using estimates of brightness ratio obtained by visual observers.     

A Method for Reducing Photometric Observations of Mutual Occultations and Eclipses of Planetary Satellites

Photometry of mutual occultations and eclipses of natural planetary satellites allows accurate astrometric data to be obtained by reducing the derived light curves of the satellites. In contrast to commonly used techniques by which the differences between the topocentric angular coordinates of satellites are deduced, we suggest a new approach and develop a corresponding method. To simplify the use of photometric data, the differences between the planetocentric rectangular coordinates of the two satellites at one time are deduced in the new method from each light curve. The advantages of this approach are that after such an observational data reduction, it will suffice to consider only the planetocentric motion of the satellites to improve their orbital parameters.     

HD 52721 - A close binary system among the Ae/Be Herbig stars

Photometric and high resolution spectroscopic data for the Herbig star HD 52721 obtained from October 2009 through October 2010 are presented. We confirm the cyclical character of the photometric variability of HD 52721 discovered previously by others. The variability shows up as minima in the light curve of this star which repeat with a period P = 0^d.805 and are typical of eclipsing binary systems. ASAS data covering an observation period from September 2003 through December 2009 show that two neighboring photometric minima differ from one another, and the actual orbital period of the system must be twice as high (P = 1^d.610). This is confirmed by the spectroscopic data. These show that the center of gravity of the emission Hα line and the profile of the HeI 6678 line with a distinct, bright circumstellar component have a clear correlation with a period of 1^d.610. To all appearances, HD 52721 is a close binary system consisting of two class B2 stars with quite similar parameters. We propose that the observed cyclical variations in the circumstellar parameters may be related to the existence of a global azimuthal inhomogeneity within the shell which rotates synchronously with the orbital motion of the system components.     

基于FPGA的空间太阳磁像仪自校正稳像系统研制

太阳磁像仪是开展太阳磁场观测研究的核心仪器,其中的稳像系统是空间太阳磁像仪的关键技术之一,针对深空探测卫星系统对载荷重量、尺寸限制严苛的要求,设计了基于图像自校正方法的稳像观测系统.介绍了一套基于现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)和数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor, DSP),通过基于自相关算法的高精度稳像方法设计,并结合精确偏振调制、准确交替采样控制等系统软硬件设计,克服由于卫星平台抖动、指向误差等因素造成的图像模糊,实现实时相关、校正、深积分的稳像观测系统.针对像素尺寸为1 K×1 K、帧频为20 fps的CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)探测器,实现了1像元以内的实时稳像观测精度.在完成实验室测试后, 2021年6月18日在国家天文台怀柔太阳观测基地35 cm太阳磁场望远镜上开展了实测验证,结果表明该系统能够有效地完成太阳磁像仪自校正稳像观测,获得了更高分辨率的太阳磁场数据.稳像系统的成功研制不仅可以为深空太阳磁像仪的研制提供轻量化、高...     

Determination of the Photometric Calibration and Large-Scale Flatfield of the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers: I. HI-1

The aim of this paper is to calculate an accurate large-scale flatfield for the STEREO HI-1 instruments. This is done by analysing the variation in intensity of stars in the background starfield as they pass across the CCD. In order to use the background starfield, a photometric calibration is performed which defines a HI magnitude scale and a conversion between this scale and measured intensity. The photometric calibration uses stellar spectra folded through the instrument response to make initial intensity predictions. However, a secondary prediction method based on the photometric calibration, which blends the R-, V- and B-magnitudes of a star, is derived for stars with no spectral information.     

Astrometric results of observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter in 2002-2003

We suggest a new approach and develop an original method for deriving astrometric data from the photometry of mutual occultations and eclipses of planetary satellites. We decide to model not the relative apparent motion of one satellite with respect to another satellite but the deflection of the observed relative motion with respect to the theoretical motion implied by appropriate ephemerides.We have attempted to reduce the results of photometric observations of the Gallilean satellites during their mutual occultations and eclipses in 2002-2003. The data of observation for 319 light curves of 106 mutual events were received from the observers. The reliable 245 light curves were processed with our method. Eighty six apparent relative positions have been obtained.Systematic errors arise inevitably while deriving astrometric data. Most of them are due to factors that are unrelated to the methods for deriving astrometric data. The systematic errors are more likely due to incorrect excluding the effect of background on photometric counts. In the case of mutual occultations, the flux drop is determined to a considerable degree by the ratio of the mean albedos of the two satellites. Some mutual event observations revealed wrong adopted values of the mean albedos.     

Calculating the potential magnetic field of a local region on the Sun using the measured oblique component

We propose a method for solving the Neumann boundary-value problem using the known magnetic-field component at the boundary in a specified direction (the oblique-derivative problem). The method allows the normal field component at the boundary to be directly determined from the measured line-of-sight component. This makes it possible to calculate the potential magnetic field in the corona above a region far removed from the solar-disk center. A model potential magnetic field is used as an example to test our method.     

RXTE ASM的双SSC联合直接解调成像

利用直接解调成像方法对ＲＸＴＥ ＡＳＭ两个指向相同的扫描阴影照像机（ＳＳＣ）的观测,数据进行了联合成像分析,对Ｃｒａｂ天区的研究结果表明,联合成像对源的分辨能力比单ＳＳＣ成像有进上步提高,并且还对银心附近含多个源的一个天区进行了联合成像,分别计算了成像所得的３个Ｘ射线源的强度和位置坐标,并利用源与源之间的位置关系对ＲＸＴＥＡＳＭ定位定标中可能存在的系统误差作出估计,发现以直接解调成像法所得强源的定