混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

混凝法用于污水处理的实验研究

用混凝法处理洗浴污水，并把处理后的水作为中水回用。影响污水处理效果的因素有混凝剂的种类，混凝剂投加量，水力条件等方面。混凝法处理洗浴废水的最佳条件是：选择比较便宜易得的混凝剂（硫酸铝）采用适宜混凝剂浓度（5％），强化混凝反应强度和时间（强搅拌 较长的反应时间），投加适量的混凝剂（90mg/L)。在最佳试验条件下，可以使处理后的洗浴废水达到中水回用标准和生活杂用水标准。     

正交混凝试验在矿井水处理设计中的应用

针对高悬浮物矿井水,设计了5水平6因素的L25(56)正交混凝试验,并通过极差分析确定了混凝的最优化条件,即选择PAC作为混凝剂,pH值调节为9,混凝剂与助凝剂浓度比为20∶1,助凝剂PAM投加滞后30 s,水力条件依次为n=350 r.min-1快速搅拌30 s,n=120 r.min-1中速搅拌4 min,n=60 r.min-1慢速搅拌6 min。通过单因素分析了6种因素对混凝的影响程度,即:PAM投量>混凝剂种类>pH值>混凝剂投量>水力条件>投加时间。依试验结果,对垂向轴式混合反应池进行了参数设计。     

低品位铝土矿研制高效无机聚硅酸铝混凝剂

用低品位铝土矿作原料研制聚硅酸铝混凝剂（PSA）,确定了生产工艺和操作条件,产品用于处理废水,并与传统混凝剂的效果进行了比较,结果表明,PSA混凝剂用药量少,处理效果最好。     

高氟地下水混凝沉淀降氟试验研究

本文开展了山西运城地区高氟地下水的降氟试验，对聚铁、硫酸铝和明矾等不同混凝剂降氟效果进行对比，探讨了地下水硬度对混凝沉淀除氟效果的影响。实验结果表明：明矾混凝沉降效果优于其它混凝剂，0．3g／L的明矾溶液可使含氟浓度4．0mg／L的地下水降低到浓度1．0mg／L以下；地下水的硬度对明矾混凝降氟效果没有明显影响。     

新型混凝剂处理印染废水的实验研究

采用自行制各的具有不同SiO2:Al:Fe(摩尔比值)和碱化度的两类新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)和聚硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS）各7种，直接对印染废水进行处理。从中选出2种温凝剂，考察了pH值、混凝剂投量等对混凝效果的影响，并对混凝处理后，印染废水出水中残留温凝剂主要成分Al、Fe、SiO2的含量进行分析。实验结果表明，氯化物型(PSAFC)和硫酸盐型(PSAFS)混凝剂对印染废水的色度、浊度、COD Cr均有良好的去除效果；总体而言，PSAFS的混凝效果略优于PSAFC；混凝处理后印染废水出水中残留铝、铁、硅的含量均比较低；pH值和碱化度对温凝剂在水体中残留铝含量有影响。     

非金属矿物混凝剂的特性和去污混凝机理

研制了非金属矿物混凝剂。对造纸废水中的化学耗氧量和色度的去除率分别达８０％和９４％;对地表水的浊度去除率达９９．５％,污泥水率降低,沉降速度快。探讨了非金属矿物混凝剂的去污混凝机理。     

改性铝土矿与其它混凝剂净水性能对比的研究

改性铝土矿做净水剂，与市售其它混凝剂比较，具有ＰＨ值适用范围宽，对水中阴阳离子，尤其是对ＳＯ＾２－４的吸附能力强等优点。去除水中的浊度，颜色，ＣＯＤ等同于市售其它混凝剂。     

含苯并三唑废水处理方法探讨

含苯并三唑废水是一类常规方法不能处理的化工废水,需要探讨有效的处理方法。在纳米科技理论指导下,以纳米微粒的吸附特性为切入点,确立了纳米微粒与无机高分子混凝剂最佳混凝形态之间联系的纽带。围绕混凝作用进行了纳米粉体材料混凝试验、无机高分子混凝剂混凝试验和电凝聚试验。结果发现,应用电凝聚法能有效去除废水中由苯并三唑产生的COD,从而成功地探索出有效处理含苯并三唑废水的方法。     

混凝法处理造纸废水的实验研究

利用以水玻璃、硫酸、硫酸铝和废铁屑为原料研制出的聚硅酸硫酸铝铁类混凝剂，在静态处理造纸废水的基础上，使用自行设计的动态模拟实验装置，对贵州省某造纸厂总排口废水进行温凝处理。在最佳水力条件下，造纸废水色度去除率达96．9％，COD Cr去除率达92．5％，出水水质低于国家造纸工业污染物排放一级标准，说明复合型聚硅酸铝铁类混凝剂对造纸废水有着优异的去除效果。     

东海内陆架泥质体远端表层沉积物孢粉分布规律及其环境意义

东海内陆架泥质沉积区是全新世高海平面时期以来形成的重要地貌单元,其包含了高分辨率沉积环境与气候变化信息,对该地区现代沉积环境及其影响条件的分析,将有助于长时间尺度古记录识别与反演.孢粉是研究植被和气候环境的重要代用指标,通过对东海内陆架泥质沉积区远端海域150个表层沉积物样品的孢粉分析,揭示了孢粉特征的分布规律,并探讨...     

Removal of sediments from the Alleppey nearshore region during post-mud bank formation

Formation of mud banks along the southwest coast of India is marked by an unusual calmness of the nearshore area with a large amount of suspensates in the water column and mud deposition. After cessation of the monsoon, the removal of mud from the mud bank region is evident. Sediment dynamics worked out from the textural characteristics suggest resuspension of sediments by waves and subsequent transportation of the suspended load by longshore/coastal currents as the main factors responsible for the removal of sediments from the mud bank region during the post-monsoon season.     

泥底辟输导流体机制及其与天然气水合物成藏的关系

摘要：详细阐述不同成因的泥底辟流体输导模式,探讨了泥底辟输导体系的演化与天然气水合物成藏之间的关系,并分析神狐海域泥底辟输导体系对天然气水合物成藏的影响。底辟核外部伴生断裂、底辟核内部流体压裂裂缝和边缘裂缝带均可作为输导流体的通道。根据运移通道和动力等差异性,提出泥底辟输导流体的2种端元模式：超压-流体压裂输导型和边缘构造裂缝输导型。在此基础上,讨论了泥底辟(泥火山)的不同演化阶段对水合物的形成、富集和分解的影响。早期阶段,泥底辟形成的运移通道可能未延伸到水合物稳定带,导致气源供给不够充分;中期阶段,水合物成藏条件匹配良好,利于天然气水合物生成;晚期阶段,泥火山喷发引起水合物稳定带的热异常,可能导致水合物分解,直至泥火山活动平静期,水合物再次成藏。神狐海域内泥底辟分为花冠状和穹顶状两类,花冠状泥底辟以超压-流体压裂输导型为主;穹顶状泥底辟以底辟边缘裂缝输导型为主。泥底辟输导体系的差异性可能是神狐海域天然气水合物非均质分布的影响因素之一。 关键词：泥底辟;输导体系;天然气水合物;成藏机制;神狐海域     

拜耳法干式赤泥基本特性及堆场运行特征分析

拜耳法赤泥矿物成分特殊,力学性能较差,平果铝赤泥堆场利用拜耳法赤泥筑坝在国内尚属首次。通过对拜耳法赤泥颗分情况、矿物及化学组成、物理力学特性等进行试验研究,认为赤泥中Fe2O3含量较高、粒径较细且属于级配不良的土;结合平果铝赤泥堆场目前的运行情况,分析了赤泥堆场目前运行时存在的排水系统、赤泥固结等几个问题,指出了赤泥堆场堆存后期有可能由于赤泥排水缓慢而导致堆场底部赤泥长期被水浸泡,从而对堆场的稳定性造成一定影响。     

中牟页岩气区块泥页岩井壁稳定影响因素分析及技术对策

井壁失稳是钻井过程中常常遇见的难题之一,尤其在钻遇泥页岩井段。针对河南中牟页岩气区块在山西组-太原组泥页岩钻进过程中发生井壁坍塌掉块、卡钻、井径扩大率大等复杂情况,利用MY1井钻井岩心从泥页岩类型划分、孔渗特征、微观结构、岩石力学以及地应力等方面开展井壁稳定性影响因素实验分析。通过分析可知,中牟区块泥页岩属硬脆性泥页岩,造成井壁失稳的主要因素为地层非均质性强,岩石脆性程度较高,微裂缝发育,易导致井壁机械剥落、坍塌掉块。通过合理控制钻井液密度、优化井身结构及钻井参数、研发低自由水强封堵钻井液提高井壁稳定性,在区块钻井实践中取得了较好的应用效果,基本解决了井壁失稳难题。     

西藏鸭湖地区天然气水合物调查井钻探施工技术

西藏羌塘盆地是公认的天然气水合物有利找矿区,钻探取心是鉴别天然气水合物最直接、最准确的手段。为满足天然气水合物钻探需求,制定了大直径取心、低温泥浆护心的技术方案。试制了跟管取心钻具和大直径绳索取心钻具;逐步完善低温泥浆配方;研制出新型高效泥浆冷却装置。在鸭湖地区天然气水合物调查井施工中,克服地层复杂、环境恶劣等难题,完成钻探取样施工,终孔深度700.70 m,岩心采取率满足地质要求。查明了地层岩性、冻土厚度、气源、岩石物性特征等,不仅为天然气水合物资源评价也为其他油气资源调查提供了地质资料、技术支撑和人才储备。     

泥水盾构隧道废弃泥浆改性固化及强度特性试验

泥水盾构隧道施工产生大量的废弃泥浆,可能带来环境污染、侵占土地等问题,影响城市的正常运转。本文以厦门市某隧道施工现场产生的废弃泥浆为研究对象,采用化学固化技术处置泥浆,测试不同影响因素（固化剂种类、固化剂掺入比、泥浆初始含水率）对改性固化后泥浆抗压强度、pH值、含水率等特性的影响,分析固化机理并解释相关现象,获取最优固化剂种类、掺入比、泥浆初始含水率。对比试验结果表明最优固化剂种类为CERSM泥浆固化剂Ⅱ,掺入比为10%,泥浆初始含水率为100%。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨改性固化后泥浆的强度特性,28 d后固化泥浆抗压强度可达1.5 MPa,是普通水泥固化泥浆强度的4倍,可用做建筑填料,解决环境污染问题,并实现废弃泥浆的资源化利用。     

Diapir structure and its constraint on gas hydrate accumulation in the Makran accretionary prism,offshore Pakistan

The Makran accretionary prism is located at the junction of the Eurasian Plate, Arabian Plate and Indian Plate and is rich in natural gas hydrate (NGH) resources. It consists of a narrow continental shelf, a broad continental slope, and a deformation front. The continental slope can be further divided into the upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope. There are three types of diapir structure in the accretionary prism, namely mud diapir, mud volcano, and gas chimney. (1) The mud diapirs can be grouped into two types, namely the ones with low arching amplitude and weak-medium activity energy and the ones with high arching amplitude and medium-strong activity energy. The mud diapirs increase from offshore areas towards onshore areas in general, while the ones favorable for the formation of NGH are mainly distributed on the middle slope in the central and western parts of the accretionary prism. (2) The mud volcanoes are mainly concentrated along the anticline ridges in the southern part of the lower slope and the deformation front. (3) The gas chimneys can be grouped into three types, which are located in piggyback basins, active anticline ridges, and inactive anticline ridges, respectively. They are mainly distributed on the middle slope in the central and western parts of the accretionary prism and most of them are accompanied with thrust faults. The gas chimneys located at different tectonic locations started to be active at different time and pierced different horizons. The mud diapirs, mud volcanoes, and gas chimneys and thrust faults serve as the main pathways of gas migration, and thus are the important factors that control the formation, accumulation, and distribution of NGH in the Makran accretionary prism. Mud diapir/gas chimney type hydrate develop in the middle slope, mud volcano type hydrate develop in the southern lower slope and the deformation front, and stepped accretionary prism type hydrate develop on the central and northern lower slope. The middle slope, lower slope and deformation front in the central and western parts of the Makran accretionary prism jointly constitute the NGH prospect area.     

永城矿区煤矿排水钻孔施工技术

永城矿区某矿排水钻孔设计孔深584．1m,因钻孔与地下巷道平面位置相距仅15m,因此要求钻孔偏斜在表土层不大于0.3％,基岩段不大于0.5％。施工中选用稳定性好、扭矩力大的TSJ-2000型工程钻机,并配置850／5型泥浆泵进行钻井作业,钻进过程中严格控制钻进参数,并采取不同措施防止钻孔偏斜。井管加工严格执行技术标准,并在准备工作充分的情况下,一次安放到位。采用向管内连续注入泥浆,通过管底凡尔返到管外的方法进行井管壁外注浆。在注浆作业完成后72h．排除管内泥浆,完成排水钻孔施工。     

Geochemical characteristics of mud volcano fluids in the southern margin of the Junggar basin,NW China: implications for fluid origin and mud volcano formation mechanisms

Mud volcanoes can provide important information about the underlying strata, hydrocarbon accumulation, and recent neotectonic movements in an area. The fluids erupting from mud volcanoes provide important information about their formation and evolution. The ion concentration and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the fluids that were erupted from the three mud volcano groups, Baiyanggou, Aiqigou, and Dushanzi, and nearby rivers in the southern margin of the Junggar basin, northwestern China, are studied. The concentrations of Na and Cl in mud volcano fluids are clearly elevated, displayed as the Na-Cl type. The δD and δ18O values of the fluids are similar between the Baiyanggou and Dushanzi mud volcanoes, which are mainly from ancient sedimentary pore water. However, the Aiqigou mud volcano is depleted in dissolved Cl and shows lower δ18O values with mixed sources, including deep pore and local meteoric water. Two types of mud volcanoes are proposed in this study. One type is low-energy mud volcanoes with a low volume of fluid of deep origin on the hillcrest, which display as mud pool/pie/hole. The other type is high-energy mud volcanoes having mixed fluid origin in the valley and formed in the shape of a mud cone (dome).