马面鲀卵巢在不同贮藏温度下磷脂成分的变化

在20℃、4℃、-10℃、-20℃四种温度下贮藏马面鲀卵巢，对其中磷脂含量的变化进行了测定，并利用薄层层析分析测定了不同温度下贮存3d后马面鲀卵巢中磷脂各组分的相对百分比。结果表明：马面鲀卵巢中磷脂的损失率随贮藏温度的上升而增加；在不同温度下贮藏3d，磷脂各组分的相对百分比都发生了变化；随贮藏温度的升高磷脂酰胆碱的降解速度大大加快，所占的百分比快速下降，而溶血磷脂酰胆碱的比例有不同程度的增加。相对而言，-20℃下贮藏数天，磷脂的含量及组分的变化较小。     

马面鲀卵巢在不同贮藏温度下磷脂成分的变化

在 2 0℃、4℃、- 10℃、- 2 0℃四种温度下贮藏马面卵巢 ,对其中磷脂含量的变化进行了测定 ,并利用薄层层析分析测定了不同温度下贮存 3d后马面卵巢中磷脂各组分的相对百分比。结果表明 :马面卵巢中磷脂的损失率随贮藏温度的上升而增加 ;在不同温度下贮藏 3d,磷脂各组分的相对百分比都发生了变化 ;随贮藏温度的升高磷脂酰胆碱的降解速度大大加快 ,所占的百分比快速下降 ,而溶血磷脂酰胆碱的比例有不同程度的增加。相对而言 ,- 2 0℃下贮藏数天 ,磷脂的含量及组分的变化较小     

不同温度下马氏珠母贝干露耐受能力及其免疫相关基因表达的变化

【目的】探究马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)对干露胁迫的响应,为马氏珠母贝健康养殖和遗传育种提供基础资料。【方法】在不同温度下对马氏珠母贝进行干露胁迫,探究温度对马氏珠母贝干露耐受的影响;筛选出马氏珠母贝干露胁迫敏感组和耐受组,比较两组的免疫相关基因表达量和植核后休养期存活率。【结果】(1)22~34℃条件下,马氏珠母贝干露耐受能力随温度升高及干露时间延长而降低;(2)22℃下,S组和T组的脯氨酸羟化酶(PHD)、葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)、髓样分化因子(MYD88)、热休克蛋白(Hsp70、Hsp20)和凋亡抑制因子(cIAP)6个基因在干露过程中表达量基本呈上升趋势,组间差异显著(P<0.05);(3)植核试验结果表明耐受组植核后休养期的存活率显著高于敏感组(P<0.05)。【结论】马氏珠母贝在高温环境下干露耐受能力降低,在适温条件下耐受组比敏感组表现出较高的存活率。     

珠母贝稚贝温度适应性初步研究

在室内条件下,以珠母贝(Pinctada margaritifera)稚贝作为实验对象,设置10、12、14、16、18、20、23、26、29、31、33、35、37℃组和常温组(27.3~30.6℃,CK),研究珠母贝稚贝温度适应性。结果表明:10、12及37℃条件下,珠母贝稚贝存活12d、15d及48 h;稚贝适宜存活温度为15.3~33.4℃,最适宜存活温度为23~31℃,低温和高温敏感起始点分别为26和31℃;稚贝适宜生长温度为17.8~33.1℃,最适生长温度为29~3 1℃;温度对稚贝水层分布和生理产生影响,35℃时稚贝在水面以上的分布显著高于其他组,10~14及35~37℃组稚贝活动、摄食能力差,16~33℃稚贝运动、摄食能力好。     

Physiological Responses of Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) to Transport Modes with Different Temperatures

Given the increased circulation time after fishing,a series of changes take place in live clams,leading to a deterioration in quality even after death.Thus,in this study,we aimed to explore the optimal mode of transportation of clams.The container for holding clams was reformed,and a water circulation temperature control system was established.The physiological responses of clams during anhydrous and watery transportation at two temperatures (4 and 15℃) were investigated based on the aforementio...     

Changes in Plasma Osmolality,Cortisol and Amino Acid Levels of Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) at Different Salinities

A serial of salinity transferring treatments were performed to investigate the osmoregulation of tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis). Juvenile tongue sole were directly transferred from a salinity of 30 to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. Blood sampling was performed for each treatment after 0, 1, 6 and 12 h, as well as after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 d. The plasma osmolality, cortisol and free amino acids were assessed. Under the experimental conditions, no fish died after acute salinity transfer. The plasma cortisol level increased 1 h after the abrupt transfer from a salinity of 30 to that of 0, 40 and 50, and decreased from 6 h to 8 d after transfer. Similar trends were observed in the changes of plasma osmolality. The plasma free amino acids concentration showed a ‘U-shaped' relationship with salinity after being transferred to different salinities for 4 days. More obvious changes of plasma free amino acid concentration occurred under hyper-osmotic conditions than under hypo-osmotic conditions. The concentrations of valine, isoleucine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline and taurine increased with rising salinity. The plasma levels of threonine, leucine, arginine, serine, and alanine showed a ‘U-shaped' relationship with salinity. The results of this study suggested that free amino acids might have important effects on osmotic acclimation in tongue sole.     

不同pH和盐度下氨氮对方斑东风螺的毒性研究

在不同海水盐度和pH的条件下进行了氨氮对日龄30 d的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)的急性毒性试验。结果表明:海水盐度和pH对氨氮的毒性有较大的影响,水温为29~30℃条件下,当盐度为18、23、28时,氨氮对方斑东风螺的安全浓度分别为9.39、10.401、1.97 mg/L,盐度越低氨氮毒性越强;当pH为6.5、7.5、8.5时,氨氮对方斑东风螺的安全浓度分别为18.500、14.080、10.200 mg/L,pH值越高氨氮毒性越强。     

Phospholipid Compositions in Portunus trituberculatus Larvae at Different Developmental Stages

Phospholipids are used to improve the growth and survival of Portunus trituberculatus,a widely cultured crab species in China.However,only total phospholipids or several classes are applied in crab diets.In this study,we employed a targeted lipidomic method to investigate the comprehensive phospholipid composition in P.trituberculatus larvae and reveal the changing phospholipid profile over the larval development.Results showed that P.trituberculatus larvae contain 112 phospholipid species belonging to 10 phospholipid classes,in which phosphatidylcholine(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)species are the most abundant,and PC,PE,phosphatidic acid,and phosphatidylserine(PS)are with high concentrations.The levels of all phospholipids significantly changed with larval development,which was highlighted by the downward parabolic changes in PE,phosphatidylglycerol,phosphatidylino-sitol,PS,lysophosphatidic acid,and sphingomyelin levels.In addition,nearly all phospholipid species were depleted at the M stage,which probably contributed to the mass mortality of crab larvae.These findings on the composition and alterations of phospholipids in P.trituberculatus larvae provide novel perspectives for the targeted supplementation of phospholipids in crab diets.Our work also highlights the use of targeted UHPLC-MS lipidomics in understanding the changes of phospholipids during crab development.     

碳酸氢钠对高温下珍珠鸡生产性能及血液pH值的影响

用１８０只５６日龄肉用仔珍珠鸡,测定了高温环境（２５～３４℃）条件下,在日粮中添加不同量的ＮａＨＣＯ３ （质量分数分别为０％ ,０．５％ ,１．０％ ,１．５％ ,２．０％ ,２．５％ ）对珍珠鸡肥育期（５６～８４日龄）生产性能及血液ｐＨ 值的影响,基础日粮含 ＭＥ １３．３７ ＭＪ／ｋｇ,ＣＰ１８％ 。结果表明：体增重、采食量、屠宰率、血液ｐＨ 值不受日粮中ＮａＨＣＯ３的显著影响（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,但体增重、采食量、饲料利用率受性别的显著影响（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,母鸡比公鸡的体增重大１８．８％ ,采食量高８．０２％ ,饲料利用率高９．７０％ ,公母鸡间的这种差异在１．５％ ＮａＨＣＯ３ 添加组表现最明显     

不同剪切作用下CMC水溶液的微观结构研究

针对聚合物钻井液重要组分之一的羧甲基纤维素钠盐(CMC),考虑钻井液在井底钻头与环空处所受的不同剪切作用,
测试了其水溶液在相应近似剪切作用(分别为600,6000r/min)下的流变性,并结合冷冻干燥方法,利用扫描电子显微镜观测了这
两种剪切作用后CMC水溶液相应的微观结构。结果表明高速剪切作用使CMC水溶液的空间网络骨架拉伸变细,甚至破坏,溶液
黏度有所降低,流动性增大。这样,热量更容易通过这些网络骨架,使充填其中的小分子物质以热传导、对流传热等方式传递到钻
屑表面,分解钻屑表面的水合物。水合物分解产生的气体和水则以分子扩散的形式向内向外进行传质,但会受到钻井液微观骨架
结构和其中填充物质的阻碍。