广西钦州-防城地区次生氧化锰矿床矿物学和地球化学研究及矿床成因意义

钦州-防城锰矿带是中国次生氧化锰矿的重要产地之一,其含锰岩系为上泥盆统榴江组含锰硅质岩。锰矿床主要赋存在以腐岩带为主的风化壳中,矿石的主要矿物为软锰矿、锰钡矿、隐钾锰矿、锂硬锰矿、钙锰矿等,与之伴生的其他表生矿物有赤铁矿、针铁矿、石英、高岭石和其他粘土矿物。矿石多呈葡萄状、块状、网脉状构造。与原生含锰硅质岩相比,次生氧化锰矿矿石的品位明显提高,Mn含量平均达到42.6%。矿石化学分析和单矿物电子探针成分分析表明,氧化锰矿石中还普遍出现Co、Ni、Cu、Zn等元素的富集,其平均含量分别为0.05%(最高0.40%)、0.09%(最高0.53%)、0.08%(最高0.53%)和1%(最高2.2%);它们主要以类质同象和吸附的形式赋存在锂硬锰矿及隐钾锰矿中。氧化锰矿石和锰氧化物的Mn/Fe比值均较高,一般大于6～10,说明该区化学风化强烈,铁、锰分离显著,有利于形成高品位的优质锰矿。有害杂质元素P主要存在于针铁矿等铁的氧化物中。氧化锰矿的形成和空间分布受气候、构造、含锰岩系及地形地貌等多种因素的影响和控制。     

隐钾锰矿的Ar-Ar定年研究进展

<正>锰矿是我国的重要矿种,主要有锰氧化物和锰碳酸盐两种类型的矿石,矿集区的形成通常经历了锰元素富集-锰氧化物富集和锰碳酸盐(菱锰矿)富集这三个阶段。(Du et al.,2013)。而表生红土型风化壳和次生锰矿中常含有丰富的表生钾锰矿物,包括隐钾锰矿、锰钡矿、硬锰矿、锰铅矿和钙锰矿等,     

云贵高原次生氧化锰矿床~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学研究:对晚中新世古气候、地貌演化的指示

次生氧化锰矿一般是在热带或亚热带温暖潮湿气候条件下,含锰矿胚层中的锰矿物(如菱锰矿、蔷薇辉石、锰铝榴石等)在有利的构造条件和大气、水、生物等多种营力的综合作用下发生分解、氧化和锰的重新沉淀、富集而形成的(Var-entsov,1996;Ostwald,1988)。次生氧化锰矿     

高明锰矿床成因及应用

湖南省安化县高明锰矿床，产于中奥陶统磨刀溪组下部。锰矿体呈层状、似层状或透镜状。矿石类型有硅酸锰碳酸锰矿石、碳酸锰矿石和次生氧化锰矿石３种。锰矿的富集经历了沉积作用、变质作用和表生再富集作用。矿石除可作冶金锰外，因富含蔷薇辉石而可作宝石用。属小型锰矿床。     

广西东平表生富集型锰矿床地质特征及成矿条件初步研究

本文主要论述了广西东平表生富集型氧化锰矿床成矿地质环境，含锰岩系地质特征，锰矿层结构，矿石矿物成分及结构构造，矿石化学组分等特征；认为表生富集型氧化锰矿床的形成主要受原生含锰层、地质构造、地形地貌、顶盖层厚度、岩性、气候及水文地质等条件所制约。文章最后讨论了锰矿化富集特征，氧化锰矿成矿模式等并指出探采意义。     

桃江锰矿锰帽形成的地球化学过程

桃江锰矿区发育有较完整的表生氧化剖面,根据不同深度矿石的结构构造,矿物组合及化学成分特征,将表生氧化剖面分成三个带：氧化矿石带,地渡矿石带和原生矿石带。桃江锰矿原生矿石矿物主要为含锰碳酸盐,表生富集作用包括两上地球化学过程;可溶杂质的溶解淋失作用和锰质的氧化残留作用。在过渡矿石带中,可溶性杂质发生大规模溶解迁移,锰质发生相对富集;氧化矿石带中,碳酸锰氧化成难溶的高价锰的氧化物,使锰质残留下来,形成     

滇东南老乌锰矿床地球化学特征及其成因制约

为查明滇东南老乌锰矿的成矿环境、锰质来源及矿床成因,本文对该矿床开展了系统的矿物学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,矿石品位为12.18%~41.24%;锰矿物组合特征为氧化锰矿与碳酸锰矿混生,其中氧化锰矿以褐锰矿为主,碳酸锰矿主要为钙菱锰矿、锰方解石、锰白云石等,可见少量含锰硅酸盐矿物;成矿环境为陆缘与盆缘接壤的边缘斜坡相的中低盐度浅海沉积环境,成矿物理化学条件主要为在弱氧化-弱还原之间起伏变化;主要成矿方式为陆源沉积成矿基础上叠加热液和生物作用成矿。     

湖润锰矿床的元素地球化学特征

湖润锰矿床锰矿石包括两种类型：原生碳酸锰矿石和次生富集的氧化锰矿石。本文主要结合该矿床的分布与地质特征,研究了微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征。研究结果表明,从原生带到氧化带,随着氧化程度的升高,与Ｍｎ成类质同像的Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ,Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ等微量元素的含量都随着锰含量的增加而增加,其富集系数也相应地增大;同时,稀土元素的总量也呈增加趋势而且氧化带比原生带更富轻稀土元素。     

湖南省常宁市茶潦锰矿床地质特征及成因探讨

茶潦锰矿位于塔山岩体北侧外接触带,锰矿层呈层状顺层产于晚奥陶世天马山组一段(O3tm1)中,严格受地层控制。目前矿区已发现两个近于平行的锰矿层,其走向延伸超过3 km,倾向延伸超过200 m。含锰岩系岩性主要为灰色中-薄层状板岩夹浅变质杂砂岩,或板岩与浅变质杂砂岩互层,在岩相古地理上代表次深海近源陆屑浊积盆地亚相。矿石按自然类型属原生氧化锰矿石,主要矿石矿物有褐锰矿、软锰矿和水锰矿。矿石结构主要有他形晶结构、隐晶质结构、交代结构。矿石构造主要有块状构造、条带状构造。野外观察和综合研究获得的证据表明,该矿床为沉积变质型锰矿床。     

铁锰分离与锰的富集

铁锰分离是锰矿床形成的一个先决条件。锰铁比值不但在各类岩石中基本稳定,而且在同一矿床的原生矿石和氧化矿石中也相当稳定;这说明氧化作用对锰铁分离影响不大,其比值的高低主要取决于沉积时的地球化学环境。Fe~(2+)的存在,对锰的氧化和富集有促进作用,但Fe~(2-)氧化并形成高价铁氧化物后,降低了溶液的酸度,阻碍了锰的富集。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861