高层建筑的震害预测

本文提出一个以结构层延伸率为判定指标的高层建筑震害预测方法，该方法可用于对钢筋混凝土框架结构、框架－剪力墙结构的高层建筑进行震害预测，文中最后给出了一个住宅楼震害预测结果。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋震害预测软件设计思路

为方便、快捷地开展钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋单体震害预测，应用Fortran程序语言，对以薄弱楼层层间屈服强度系数作为判定指标的震害预测方法编写了钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋震害预测计算程序，并采用Visual Basic 6．0语言设计了用户界面。     

北川县城汶川地震震害特征及其成因探讨

根据笔者在汶川大地震板震区北川县城现场考察的第一手资料,分析了2008年5月12日汶川8．0级大地震后北川县城的震害特征,论述了北川县城地震后建筑物、生命线工程的破坏以及次生地质灾害;并对造成各类震害的原因进行了初步的探讨。最后,在总结震害特征及其成因的基础上,提出了当前应加强研究的相关课题,旨在为今后的工程抗震设防和研究提供参考。     

汶川地震北川县城建筑物震害分析

汶川地震中,原北川县城位于地震烈度达到Ⅺ度的极震区内,建筑物几乎破坏殆尽。为了对建筑物震害机制开展相应的研究,防灾科技学院科考小组于2008年8月中旬前往北川县城及周边区域开展了现场科学调查。调查和分析结果表明,多种致灾机制共同作用于北川县城造成建筑破坏极为严重,建筑物震害指数基本上都在0.8以上,根据震害机制不同可以将县城区域划分为多个区域,不同区域内起主导作用的建筑物震害机制之间存在差异,典型建筑物充分地体现了不同震害机制的特点。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋的震害预测

以薄弱楼层的层间屈服强度系数为判定指标，应用矩阵位移法的计算结果对钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋进行震害预测。     

地震重点监视防御区县市震害预测方法研究

通过对地震重点监视防御区县、市的震害预测，提出以县城为重点、乡镇为单元的震害预测思路，同时对震害预测和减灾对策的工作程序和工作方法进行了研究     

并行计算在遥感震害提取中的应用

本文概述了地震应急中遥感应用的现状和并行处理技术在遥感分析处理中的应用。 初步探讨了在遥感震害分析中并行计算技术的应用方案, 并采用比值法和相关系数法, 利用福卫二号卫星遥感数据对汶川8.0级地震造成的北川县城震害进行了震前震后变化检测并行处理。 将结果与专业图像分析处理软件的处理结果进行了分析对比, 在处理效果基本一致的情况下, 得到了较高的加速比, 缩短了遥感影像震害分析处理的时间, 为提高地震应急震害遥感分析处理的速度提供了示范。 最后还对方法的应用效果进行了讨论。     

汶川大地震汉源县城建筑物震害调查

汶川地震中,距离震中约200公里的汉源县出现了明显烈度异常现象,汉源县城建筑物震害表现尤为明显.为了解释这一现象,在汶川大地震第一阶段科学考察中,相关调查小组对汉源县城建筑物震害开展了相应的调查.调查结果表明,该处烈度异常现象确实存在,烈度异常与该处局部场地条件有一定的联系.     

中国西部典型房屋结构震害定量关系的初步研究

建筑物震害程度的判定是进行地震灾害损失评估的基础, 震害指数是建筑物震害程度的定量表示方式, 是房屋抗震性能的直观表现。 震害指数的研究对于震害预测和地震灾害损失评估都有重要的意义。 文中收集、 分析并处理了2001—2004年中国地震灾害损失现场调查与评估的详细资料, 以调查点为单位计算了各种结构类型房屋的平均震害指数, 建立了中国西部地区不同结构类型房屋的平均震害指数向未经加固的砖混和砖木结构房屋的平均震害指数转换的数学关系, 其结果对地震灾害及其损失的快速评估与现场评估具有一定的参考作用。     

玛纳斯县城房屋建筑地震损失预测及抗震设防效益分析

以玛纳斯县城现有房屋建筑调查资料为基础，对该县城的房屋建筑进行了分类。作了抗震分析，建立了相应的易损性矩阵。根据地震危险性分析结果及县城房屋建筑的发展情况，给出了未来１０年房屋建筑的震害预测结果，并对房屋建筑抗震设防和加固的经济效益进行了初步分析。     

在役公路梁式桥综合震害等级预测研究

为客观预测在役公路梁式桥综合震害状况,考虑在役桥梁在运营期存在的病害问题,从压力和承压两方面建立在役公路梁式桥综合震害预测评价指标体系。以桥梁作为承灾体,建立在役公路梁式桥综合震害物元可拓模型,运用熵权法进行赋权,确定桥梁的综合震害状况。以一座在役梁式桥为例,运用上述模型确定算例的综合震害状况。研究结果表明,该桥的综合震害等级为Ⅲ级,破坏等级中等,且根据结果分析影响桥梁震害程度的主要影响因素;该模型通过对多个指标关联系数的综合分析来评价在役梁式桥的综合震害等级,极大地提高了该模型评估的准确率及可靠性,为桥梁震害等级的预测提供一定的参考,对提升桥梁综合抗震能力具有积极意义。     

基于模糊数学的农村砖木民房震害预测研究

基于模糊数学方法及其应用理论对农村地区砖木民房进行震害预测研究。建立了适用于砖木民房的震害影响因子集及其与震害等级的模糊关系,进一步研究出基于模糊综合评价方法的砖木民房震害预测模型。初步研究表明,该震害预测模型条理清晰,计算简便,可进一步研究推广应用。     

2016年青海门源M_S 6.4地震特征与地质构造

2016年青海门源M_S 6.4地震具有显著特征,如:余震强度低、能量释放水平低、震害较轻等。震区地震构造表现出一定规律性,如:冷龙岭断裂呈周期性破裂,发震断裂含多支相互斜交的分支断裂等。虽然地震前小震活动未能提供有价值的预测信息,但震中落入2015年甘肃省年度危险区。本文对此次地震的震源机制解、地震序列衰减、震害特点及冷龙岭断裂带构造进行分析,给出地震序列属性、发震断层及错动动力源,提出地震并未发生在冷龙岭主断裂的证据,从而为震区及邻区地震活动状态与孕震机制判定提供参考,并为后续震情判定提供震例与数据。     

新疆昆仑山地区某大型水利枢纽工程场地地震危险性概率分析

利用地震危险性概率分析方法对大（Ⅰ）型一等工程－某大型水利枢纽工程所在的场址进行地震危险性分析;该拟建工程场址所在的西昆仑地震带是新疆境内地震活动强度最高、频度最大的地震带,拟建工程坝高库大,为了进行准确的地震危险性分析研究。本研究根据区域地震活动性及地震构造研究成果,确定了地震活动性参数,按照构造类比、历史地震重演原则划分了潜在震源区;在分析了区域地震活动环境和地震构造等因素后,综合评价其对场地地震危险性的影响;根据确定的地震动衰减关系及地震带、潜在震源区的地震活动性参数,应用概率方法计算得出了场地不同概率水平的水平向基岩峰值加速度。其结果做为适合该水库的工程场地地震危险性分析结论,用于指导工程选址、设计、抗震设防。     

钢框架结构的地震损伤研究

基于预定损伤法对钢框架构件主要设计参数进行损伤敏感度分析,研究主要设计参数与钢框架结构梁、柱损伤的关系;揭示钢框架结构梁、柱的损伤及梁、柱线刚度比、结构高宽比、柱轴压比、锈蚀率对楼层损伤的影响规律;获得楼层的损伤与整体结构损伤的关系,最终建立钢框架结构的损伤演化模型。研究成果可为建立地震激励下钢框架结构的损伤模型提供理论基础和数据支持。     

Damage evaluation models of reinforced concrete buildings based on the damage statistics and simulated strong motions during the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu earthquake

We have tried to estimate the yield shear strengths of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings based on the damage statistics in Kobe surveyed after the Hyogo‐ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake of 1995 and the non‐linear response analyses for synthetic waveforms calculated from a complex seismic source and a three‐dimensional basin structure. First, a set of building models that represented the RC building stock in Kobe was constructed and plausible non‐linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom models with four different numbers of stories were created based on the current seismic code and construction practice. For response analysis the damage criterion and the strength distribution should be assumed a priori. When the damage ratios for these standard models were calculated it was found that the damage ratios were so high that we had to increase the average yield strengths in order to match the calculated damage ratios to those observed. After searching the best models it was found that the estimated average yield strengths should be much higher than those based on the code, especially for low‐rise buildings. Using this set of building models we succeeded in reproducing the belt‐shaped area with high damage ratios in Kobe. One can apply the proposed methodology to different countries if there is enough damage data, strong motion records, and building statistics. If there is sparse damage data at several locations only, then our models can be adjusted to reproduce observed damage data and used for damage prediction as a first‐order approximation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN APPROACH TO THE MEASUREMENT OF THE POTENTIAL STRUCTURAL DAMAGE OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTIONS

The quantification and prediction of damage due to different seismic actions to structure types of different strength is an important problem not yet solved in the Earthquake Engineering field. In addition, owing to the fact that macroseismic information cannot be used directly in dynamic calculations, a new problem appears when these are the only kind of data available. Thus, there is a need to estimate a parameter to relate the energy of the ground motion and the damage occurrence, and eventually achieve a better seismic risk assessment. After the study and review of some representative potential damage parameters, attention has been paid to the Arias intensity (unfiltered and filtered in certain frequency ranges) and the Cumulative Absolute velocity (CAV) as the parameters to evaluate the energy of movement, and to relate them with the observed damage. The data used to infer these correlations have been provided by the ENEA-ENEL (Italy). The information consists of strong motion records from the Campano Lucano (1980), Umbria (1984) and Lazio-Abruzzo (1984) earthquakes, and data of damage to buildings in the vicinity of recording instruments (within a maximum radius of 300 m, where the soil conditions remain constant). In this paper, some relations have been obtained to quantify the damage level for different seismic inputs. The results suggest that unfiltered Arias intensity and CAV (for calculation threshold 20 cm/s²) correlate well with the macroseismic information used. Best fits are obtained between the quoted parameters and the observed damage in type A structures. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震作用下框架结构考虑累积损伤的算法及应用

将框架结构等效为剪切型模型,采用三线型刚度退化模型,考虑累积损伤效应对结构刚度产生的影响进行结构时程分析,并利用改进的Park-Ang损伤模型计算得到结构的损伤情况。表明结构的第一层损伤最为严重;地震序列不同,引起结构的损伤值也不相同。建议在结构设计的第二个阶段,考虑材料的累积损伤和地震能量吸收与耗散,更能体现出结构的最不利反应状态,有利于制定合理的结构抗震措施。     

Seismic loss and damage in light-frame wood buildings from sequences of induced earthquakes

Activities related to oil and gas production, especially deep disposal of wastewater, have led to sequences of induced earthquakes in the central United States. This study aims to quantify damage to and seismic losses for light-frame wood buildings when subjected to sequences of induced, small to moderate magnitude, events. To conduct this investigation, one- and two-story multifamily wood frame buildings are designed, and their seismic response dynamically simulated using three-dimensional nonlinear models, subjected to ground motion sequences recorded in induced events. Damage is quantified through seismic losses, which are estimated using the FEMA P-58 methodology. Results show that at levels of shaking experienced in recent earthquakes, minor damage, consisting of cracking of interior finishes and nonstructural damage to plumbing and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, is expected, which is consistent with observed damage in these events. The study also examines how expected losses and building fragility will accumulate and/or change over a sequence of earthquakes. Results indicate that damage quantified in terms of absorbed hysteretic energy tended to accumulate over the sequences; this damage corresponds to elongation or widening of cracks. However, fragility is not significantly altered by damage in a preceding event, meaning structures are not becoming more vulnerable due to existing damage. In addition, sequences of events do not change losses if the building is only repaired once at the end of the sequence, as the worsening of damage does not alter repair actions. If repairs are conducted after each event, though, total seismic losses can increase greatly from the sequence.     

考虑支座滑移及挡块破坏的中小跨径梁桥地震易损性研究

从板式橡胶支座及混凝土挡块抗震设计角度,以一座典型的3跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥为例,结合概率地震需求分析及桥墩、支座等抗震关键构件极限破坏状态,建立不同支座及挡块分析模型的中小跨径梁桥地震易损性曲线,研究考虑支座滑移效应及挡块破坏的中小跨径梁桥的易损性特征。研究结果表明:不考虑橡胶支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块破坏,桥墩地震破坏概率明显增大,且会低估支座破坏概率;桥梁系统易损性受支座破坏状态的影响显著,需设置合理的限位装置;在中小跨径梁桥地震易损性分析中,考虑支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块的破坏十分必要。