Hydrogeological Zoning of the Central Minusinsk Basin by the Conditions of Formation of Fresh Groundwater Resources

A detailed hydrogeological zoning of the central part of the Minusinsk artesian basin is performed. Local basins confined to smaller plicated structures, as well as hydrogeological massifs of local scale, are recognized within large block structures. Direction of subsurface streams and their role in the formation of groundwater resources and composition are discussed. Forecast resources of fresh groundwater are estimated for every recognized structure.     

Hydrogeological Conditions of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Crimea

A structural hydrogeological model of the Crimea based on the assumption of the leading role of faults in groundwater distribution is discussed. Areas with intense submarine groundwater discharge are outlined. The existence of water streams related to the faults in the area of the Chernaya River, Mramornaya Gully, Varnautskaya Depression, Batiliman Bay, and Nikitskii Cape is substantiated. The sites for drilling hydrogeological wells are recommended.     

微小盆地倾斜煤层采空区瞬变电磁法探测

为研究微小含煤盆地倾斜煤层采空区的瞬变电磁法探测效果,以云南省新近系向斜盆地采空区为研究对象,从数值模拟与现场实测两方面对瞬变电磁探测效果展开研究。首先,针对研究区微小盆地构造条件建立倾斜煤层地电模型,以正演模拟和电阻率计算论证理论可行性;其次,根据模拟结果设置工作参数进行现场数据采集,以倾斜含煤段作为电性标志层追踪电阻率异常并推断采空区分布范围;最后,采用井下超前钻探对推断的采空区进行验证。结果表明,瞬变电磁法适用于探测微小盆地的构造变化而引起的地电结构的改变,探测结果清晰显示盆地倾斜含煤地层的起伏变化,能准确反映采空区的分布。     

太湖流域水质型缺水问题和对策

在对太湖流域水质状况进行分析的基础上,指出因水污染造成的水质型缺水问题在太湖流域十分严重,正常年份流域优质水资源缺水量在(20-35)×108m3之间. 如今后水质型缺水问题长期得不到解决,有可能影响流域经济社会可持续发展. 针对流域水质型缺水的特点,提出在加强流域水污染治理同时,太湖流域宜选择以长江、太湖和山区水库为主要水源地的长期供水格局,当前要抓紧建设“引江清水通道”,调引长江优质水资源入太湖. 同时鉴于太湖流域水环境承载能力有限的情况,建议流域沿江、沿海、沿杭州湾城镇的生活污水在二级处理的前提下,应实施流域尾水截流外排管道工程.     

地震人员伤亡预测与研究现状

前言１９９５年阪神淡路大震灾夺去了６４００多人的宝贵生命,是第二次世界大战后最严重的自然灾害。大震灾发生后,日本各地都对各自的区域防灾计划进行了修改。依据灾害对策基本法,日本全国每个自治体都有义务有针对性地制定各自地区的防灾计划。制定防灾计划的前提是...     

Principles of Hydrogeological Zoning by the Conditions of Formation and the Distribution of the Natural Resources of Fresh Groundwater

The principles of hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Russia by the conditions of formation and the distribution of the natural resources of fresh groundwater are discussed. The delineation of the first- and second-order regions is shown to be based on the principles of general hydrogeologic zoning, whereas that of the third and fourth orders is shown to be based on the principles of special hydrogeologic zoning, which can account for the specific structural features of the hydrogeologic section of the zone of intense water exchange, different types of water-bearing rocks, the structure of the unsaturated zone, and, in a number of cases, the climatic and landscape features of the area.     

太湖流域地表水资源分质评价及水质型缺水形势分析

太湖流域水资源供需矛盾主要体现为"水质型缺水"问题,如何对"水质型缺水"进行定量描述,在太湖流域是一个难题.本文提出了"分质水资源量"的概念,以流域水资源四级分区为单元,以分区水质监测资料结合水资源量进行分析,分别统计分区分质水资源量.分析表明:太湖流域142×10⁸ m³的地表水资源量中,Ⅲ类以上的适合于饮用水源和一般工业用水的优质水为35.8×10⁸ m³,占25.2%;适合于电力冷却用水、农业灌溉的Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水为46.4×10⁸ m³,占32.6%;不可利用的劣Ⅴ类水有59.9×10⁸ m³,占42.2%.流域内优于Ⅴ类(含Ⅴ类)的地表水资源量为82.2×10⁸ m³,占地表水总资源量的57.8%.而浅层地下水己基本被污染.需要指出,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类优质水虽仍有35.8×10⁸ m³,但目前流域内对Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水的需求量己达60.6×10⁸ m³,如将此两数对比,则优质水缺额为24.8×10⁸ m³,但实际上,优质水的需求主要集中在流域中下游,而可供优质水水源则主要集中在流域上游地区山区水库和中游太湖湖心区、东部湖区和太浦河,供需两者的空间分布有较大出入,因此优质水资源缺额将更大,由此可见太湖流域水质型缺水形势十分严峻.     

Groundwater Level Changes in Taiwan Caused by The Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008

Widespread persistent coseismic groundwater level changes induced by the M _w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake were recorded in 80 wells in Taiwan, located approximately 2,000?km from the epicenter. The timing and magnitude of these changes, ranging from ?40 to +23?cm, have been examined by statistical evaluation. The coseismic fall dominated in the plain area, but in the mountainous area most changes are coseismic rises. Both the coseismic rise and the coseismic fall were observed in wells of different depths at two monitoring stations. The processes of the coseismic changes can be shown by the high-frequency well water level data. Analysis of the 1?Hz water level data and the broadband seismogram revealed that a temporary water level change, ranging from 0.2 to 2.3?cm, occurred at the arrival of high-energy Love waves and Rayleigh waves. However, a water level change of 0.3–6.4?cm occurred in 7–20?min after the passing of high-energy surface waves. It is doubtful that such a change could be induced directly by ground shaking. The cross-formational flow due to fracturing or unclogging of sediment pores was possibly too slow to cause the coseismic change. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of coseismic groundwater level changes induced by a distant earthquake.     

Changes in Water Quality in the Bureiskoe Reservoir Caused by a Large Landslide

Water Resources - The study considers the factors that had an effect on water quality in the Bureiskoe Reservoir (Far East) after a large landslide event in December 2018 (with a volume of 24.5...     

关于1999年太湖流域洪水灾情、成因及流域整治的若干认识和建议

１９９９年春末夏初,太湖流域发生了建国以来继１９５４年和１９９１年洪水后的又一次全流域性大洪水,造成了严重经济损失,中国科学院在定购和解译加拿大雷达卫星图像,派遣遥感飞机现场航拍的基础上,组织精干力量,投入洪水灾情调查,并得到太湖流域水利主管部门、地方各级政府和人民解放军的大力支持和协助,获得了关于１９９９年太湖流域洪涝灾情的大量资料及洪灾成因的初步认识,并对太湖流域进一步整治问题提出若干建议．１雨情超历史、水情创记录,受淹范围缩小,经济损失增加,是１９９９年 太湖流域洪水的显著特征 １９９９年太…     

地震次生灾害预测和评价的研究

为了实现对地震次生灾害进行半定量化观测 ,以山西古交市为例 ,通过对次生灾害源分级和对预测区工作区域分级的方法 ,对该市的地震次生灾害进行了预测研究 ,结果表明 ,对次生灾害源分级和对预测区工作区域分区的方法是一种可行的半定量化预测地震次生灾害的方法     

濮阳地区油田注水引起的重力场变化与地震活动性的关系

收集了1995—2007年中原油田濮阳地区各油田的注水开采等质量迁移资料,利用图示法研究发现油田注水与区域地震活动之间存在一定联系,并定量计算了油田注水引起的重力变化量。结合重力复测资料对油田注水引起的重力场变化和该地区地震之间的关系进行了初步研究,其注采作业引起的重力场变化在±0.1～10×10-8 m.s-2之间,并随着油田中心区域的距离而衰减。     

地震造成地下水变化的物理机制及其应用前景

长期的观测实践表明,地震造成的地下水变化已经成为一种普遍现象,其形态包括类似地震波的振荡和与地震波形态迥异的阶跃。     

Preliminary Study on Relationship between Gravitational Field Change Caused by Oilfieid Water Flooding and Seismicity in Puyang Area

收集了1995-2007年中原油田濮阳地区各油田的注水开采等质量迁移资料,利用图示法研究发现油田注水与区域地震活动之间存在一定联系,并定量计算了油田注水引起的重力变化量.结合重力复测资料对油田注水引起的重力场变化和该地区地震之间的关系进行了初步研究,其注采作业引起的重力场变化在土0.1～10×10-8m·s-2之间,并随着油田中心区域的距离而衰减.     

Anomalies in Water Level Records in Yunnan Caused by the Great Indonesian Earthquakes and Their Significance

Two great earthquakes occurred in the sea northwest of Sumatra, Indonesia, on December 26, 2004 and March 29,2005. The observation of water levels in Yunnan yielded abundant information about the two earthquakes. This paper presents the water level response to the two earthquakes in Yunnan and makes a preliminary analysis. It is observed that the large earthquake- induced abnormal water level change could be better recorded by analog recording than by digital recording. The large earthquake-caused water level rise or decline may be attributed to the effect of seismic waves that change the stress in tectonic units, and is correlated with the geological structure where the well is located. The water level response mode in a well is totally the same for earthquakes occurring on the same fault and with the same fracture mode. The only difference is that the response amplitude increases with the growth of the earthquake magnitude.     

中国大陆井水位观测网对甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震同震响应特征分析

基于全国地下流体前兆台网数据库的统计,本文了整理中国大陆井水位观测网中对甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震水位同震响应的台站特征.分析结果是：（1）岷县漳县6.6级地震烈度Ⅵ度区的1.5倍的范围内主要由静态应变引起的水位同震变化仅有一个台站,水位同震阶升幅度仅1.5 cm,静态应变触发地震的可能性不大;（2）震中距大于1 000 km的远震响应均为水位阶升,但是其同震变化幅度小于0.3 cm,为含水层被压缩引起;（3）该地震引起的水位同震变化的观测井较少,分布范围大,整体上以水位同震阶升占据主体,其分布主要在静态应力变化引起的范围之外,并且与构造带的对应关系无规律可循,此次地震静态应变范围内的应力应该已经得到释放.     

Changes in Water Hydrochemistry in Bays of the Bratsk Reservoir Caused by Forest Harvesting Operations

For the first time, the results of studying the hydrochemical characteristics of bays in the Bratsk Reservoir, subject to the effect of forest harvesting operations are given. The obtained data include the concentrations of NO₃^?, NO₂^?, NH₄⁺, PO₄^-3, SiO₂, phenols, oil products, and organic matter and the oxygen regime of water in the bays. The concentration and distribution in water of biogenic elements and O₂-typical of wood decay processes-demonstrate the high self-purification capacity of ecosystems in the majority of bays. At the same time, water of some bays shows signs of eutrophication and high concentrations of phenols and oil products.     

基于神经网络法预测伦坡拉盆地有机碳含量

总有机碳含量(TOC)作为评价烃源岩的重要参数.对于一些勘探开发难度较大的区块,合理预测TOC含量对区块勘探开发具有重要意义.目前预测TOC含量的方法以△logR法为主,但是△logR 法对于异常点处理并没有系统的标准,人为主观性较强,同时在伦坡拉地区△logR 法预测效果一般.因此本文采取BP神经网络法进行TOC含量...