对市县防震减灾工作跨越式发展的思考

0前言2004年全国防震减灾工作会议为我国新时期防震减灾工作指明了方向。新的指导思想和奋斗目标的提出,充分说明了我国防震减灾事业已跃升到了新的、更高的层面。在新的历史时期,如何坚持以人为本科学发展观,坚持与时俱进、创造性的全面推进市县防震减灾工作,实现市县防震减灾     

社区防震减灾模式的刍议

社区是城市的重要组成单元,社区防震减灾能力的提高对于推进城市防震减灾事业具有重要作用。社区防震减灾能力的提高依赖于地震科学,社会科学和经济科学的交叉发展。本文结合沈阳市防震减灾日城市社区宣传活动和问卷调查结果分析了目前城市防震减灾工作上的存在的问题,针对这些问题进行了探索和研究,提出了“社区防震模式”的一些新的理念和相应的一些工作方法,可以看出推进“社区防震减灾”工作有利于地震部门更好的服务社会,有助于推动全社会防震减灾事业的进一步发展。     

新媒体时代提升防震减灾科普服务能力的思考

随着新媒体时代的到来,社会公众接受信息的方式、途径有了多方位的变化。防震减灾科普宣传工作如何迎接新的发展契机,不断提升防震减灾科普服务能力成为我们值得深入思考的课题。从新媒体时代信息传播方式特点出发,具体分析了新媒体对防震减灾科普宣传工作的积极影响,对新媒体与传统媒体结合,提升防震减灾科普服务能力进行了思考,以期对防震减灾科普宣传工作有所帮助。     

北京市防震减灾工作进展综述

为了实现“使大中城市及人口稠密地区具有抗御６级地震的能力”这一防震减灾十年目标,经国务院批准于１９９６年１１月正式成立了新的北京市地震局。北京市地震局自成立以来,为了实现防震减灾十年目标, 开展了大量的工作, 并取得了可喜的成果。该专辑综合介绍了北京市地震局近３年来在防震减灾方面开展的工作和所取得的进展, 包括：北京市防震减灾工作的进展、监测预报和震情跟踪工作体系的建设、北京市防震减灾法制的建设、北京市震害防御与工程地震工作的进展、《北京市破坏性地震应急预案》编制工作进展、北京市区县地震工作进展、面向社会的防震减灾宣传、防震减灾技术系统的建设。     

四川省12322防震减灾公益服务热线设计与实现

简要介绍了四川省12322防震减灾公益服务热线平台的建设与实现.四川省12322热线是在全国12322平台基础上结合汶川地震经验建设的,12322热线平台的建成,拓展了地震行业的公共服务领域,围绕社会需求和群众需要,提升了四川省防震减灾公共服务意识,拓宽了防震减灾科普宣传工作广度,推进了防震减灾体系建设.通过热线电话为公众提供对外服务是防震减灾科普宣传工作的一次新的尝试,也为12322热线的扩展应用提供可借鉴经验.     

防震减灾科普宣传在传统媒体与新媒体融合发展中的应用探讨

随着信息科技的发展,通过新媒体平台获取资讯成为一种趋势。新媒体在为公众带来全新生活模式和理念的同时,也为防震减灾宣传工作提供了新的平台和发展机遇。结合当前防震减灾科普宣传工作的实际情况,对防震减灾科普宣传在传统媒体与新媒体融合发展中的应用展开调研与分析,并借鉴"山西省防震减灾科普知识竞赛决赛"开展科普宣传的成功经验,给出相关解决方案,希望能为今后防震减灾科普宣传工作的开展起到一定作用。     

防震减灾新闻宣传新机制初探

防震减灾新闻宣传是一项全面、客观、及时、准确报道防震减灾活动的重要工作。对于增强社会防震减灾意识和能力,维护社会稳定有着不可替代的作用。随着现代社会网络化、信息化的发展,它的作用愈加明显。文章从分析防震减灾新闻宣传工作存在的问题入手,层层拨开,深入分析解决方案,为防震减灾新闻宣传提出新的机制。     

山西省加强防震减灾宣传工作的实践与思考

2004年全国防震减灾工作会议和《国务院关于加强防震减灾工作的通知》明确了今后一个时期防震减灾工作方向和主要工作任务,同时把防震减灾宣传工作提到了前所未有的高度。本文通过总结山西省防震减灾宣传工作实践,结合新时期防震减灾工作的要求,就进一步做好防震减灾宣传工作提     

网络社会心理对防震减灾信息工程建设影响及对策研究

网络信息技术的发展促进了网络社会的形成和发展,网络社会新的特点和运作方式使社会心理因素呈现多元化和复杂化,本文探讨了网络社会心理对防震减灾信息工程建设影响,提出了网络社会防震减灾信息工程建设工作机制及创新思路.     

落实三大工作体系提高防御地震灾害能力

防震减灾工作与太原钢铁(集团)公司的生产建设和经济发展密不可分。叙述了冶金企业防震减灾工作的特点及太钢防震减灾的工作体系和各项防震减灾管理制度,介绍了近年来太原钢铁(集团)公司开展的各项防震减灾工作的一些作法。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Structure of the poleward wall of the trough and the inclination of the geomagnetic field above the EISCAT radar

A special high-resolution routine of the EISCAT radar has been used to investigate the structure and development of the poleward wall of a deep trough in electron density. The feature was tracked by the radar during a 7-hour period under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. The field-aligned nature of the structure enabled an estimate to be made of the inclination of the geomagnetic field above EISCAT that was in good agreement with the current model. Observations of narrow field-aligned enhancements in electron temperature demonstrated that the wall of this trough is a dynamic feature, reforming regularly as the electron density responds on a time scale of tens of minutes to energy input from soft-particle precipitation.