黄土高原一次γ中尺度致洪大暴雨环境场特征分析

为了提高对黄土高原γ中尺度致洪暴雨预报和预警能力,利用NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2015年7月18日黄土高原发生的一次γ中尺度致洪暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明:700~200 h Pa深厚低涡和低层切变是这次暴雨的主要影响系统;暴雨发生前暴雨区大气层结对流不稳定增强和对流有效位能的增长为强天气的发生提供了有利条件;暴雨发生前地面图上生成的湿焓高能中心、850 h Pa和700 h Pa等压面上生成的对流涡度矢量垂直分量高值中心和暴雨落区形成很好的对应关系;线状中尺度对流系统中β中尺度对流云团的发展加强对强降水有直接影响;线状中尺度对流系统在雷达回波图上体现为多个对流单体组成的带状回波,影响暴雨区的对流单体回波中心强度50 d BZ,径向速度场分析表明γ中尺度气旋性辐合的生成和维持为暴雨的持续提供了动力条件。     

低空暖式切变线引发局地特大暴雨成因分析

利用常规观测、加密自动站降水及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,结合铜仁多普勒雷达观测资料对2015年7月14日夜间发生在贵州省松桃县的一次局地特大暴雨进行分析,结果发现:此次局地特大暴雨是发生在中层500 h Pa中低纬"ω"环流型稳定形势下;低层高湿高能环境为暴雨提供了充足的水汽和能量;地面弱冷空气入侵激发了对流的产生,是产生强降水的触发条件;梵净山地形对气流既有抬升又有增强气流辐合的作用,对流单体不断在其迎风坡产生;雷达回波显示对流回波单体沿着地面中尺度辐合线生成、发展、合并、移动和消亡,出现了明显的列车效应,地面辐合线对对流单体起着组织、加强和引导作用;暴雨区位于850 h Pa暖式切变线南侧、地面冷锋前部、地面中尺度辐合线北侧,而地面中尺度辐合线北侧1~1.5个纬距内是强降水的主要落区。     

2012年7月末天津暴雨过程的扰动特征

利用多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达资料,辅以高分辨率的地面自动气象站资料,对2012年7月25—26日天津地区的一次大暴雨(局部特大暴雨)过程进行扰动特征分析。结果表明:1)大暴雨过程的雷达回波表现为高质心结构,气旋式辐合与对流中上升气流及后侧下沉气流紧密相连,表现出较好的对流组织性,也预示强降雨将持续发展。逆风区的维持与伸展的高度可作为暴雨预报的先兆信号。2)地面辐合线与雷达回波上对流单体出现"列车效应"的区域有很好的一致性。地面形成的气旋性闭合环流和中小尺度环流辐合作用的稳定维持是产生大暴雨的重要因素。3)由风廓线资料可详细分析出暴雨过程中低空急流及边界层急流的扰动过程。在强降雨发生前,急流强度明显增强,与雷达回波上的"列车效应"是一致的,但比雷达更早出现。风廓线资料中低空急流和边界层急流的增强态势,对大暴雨短时临近预报具有很好的指示意义。     

2015年肇庆开汛暴雨环境条件和雷达风廓线产品特征分析

利用常规观测资料、Micaps资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和雷达风廓线资料,对2015年肇庆市开汛暴雨过程的环境条件及雷达风廓线产品特征进行分析。结果表明:暴雨发生在200 h Pa高空气流分流区、700 h Pa显著西南气流前方、850 h Pa切变线以南风速辐合区、925 h Pa风场辐合区和地面锋面低槽的重叠区域。暴雨发生前伴随着CAPE值激增,在大气层结极不稳定条件下,西南暖湿气流北上在广东中部地区辐合汇聚,为暴雨提供大量水汽和不稳定能量。暴雨过程低层气旋式涡度和高层反气旋式涡度使得低层辐合和高层辐散更加深厚,进一步增强上升运动。暴雨期间雷达风廓线资料直观地显示了中小尺度系统引起的风场变化,中层波动对应过程中的几个强降水时段。当上空处于中层西风波动槽前时,西南暖湿气流层次深厚,降水加强;当6 km以上高度西北气流向下发展时,降水处于减弱阶段。     

2009年7月2—4日广西暴雨过程的中尺度特征

本文运用NCEP1°×1°格点资料和多普勒雷达、自动站以及SWAN系统等资料,用综合诊断分析方法对2009年7月2-4日广西大范围强降水过程进行成因分析。结果表明：由于冷空气很弱,以渗透的方式影响广西,使地面西南暖低压得以长时间维持,是这次过程持续时间长的主要原因之一;地面辐合线稳定少动,是桂北强对流发展的触发机制,也是产生“列车效应”的主要因子;柳州多普勒雷达基本反射率显示在7月2日20时到3日08时的“列车效应”使得河池东部和柳州北部出现了特大暴雨,暴雨中心在径向速度上反映为强烈的辐合。此外对swAN产品进行检验和分析,Cotrec风场对回波的移动有较好的指示作用;TITAN在预报强回波的移动和强度上有着一定的预报能力;1小时雨量预报与实况雨量大致相近。     

“2011.7.14”沈阳短时强降水多普勒雷达回波特征

为了更好的预报、预警超级风暴单体引起的短时强降水,利用沈阳棋盘山多普勒雷达、营口多普勒雷达和自动站及地面、高空等气象资料,对2011年7月14日沈阳强降水超级单体风暴进行分析。结果表明：地面辐合线和切变线提前于降水2 h产生,而且地面辐合线和切变线的位置与风暴的生成位置重合。强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴特征,风暴出现弓形回波;速度图上存在“v”型入流缺口,相应速度场上出现中气旋,营口雷达基本反射率最大值达到61 dBz,反射率因子垂直剖面出现弱回波区和回波悬垂。当雷达回波发现中气旋,并预计此中气旋能维持1 h左右或者雷达回波发现弓形回波,沈阳棋盘山雷达基本反射率强度超过45 dBz时,可发布短时暴雨或雷雨大风等强对流气象灾害预警。     

陕西2003年盛夏连续性暴雨过程分析

利用实时资料和 T2 1 3数值预报产品 ,分析了 2 0 0 3年 7月 1 3日和 1 5日陕西连续性暴雨 ,结果表明 :活跃的副高是造成大降水的大尺度环流系统 ,70 0 h Pa低涡切变线、偏南急流持续出现为暴雨提供了动力和水汽条件 ,暴雨落区在高空急流的右侧辐散区和低空急流左前侧辐合区、低涡东部的重叠处 ;70 0 h Pa Q矢量辐合区与暴雨区有较好的对应关系     

河南\

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面风场资料和多普勒雷达资料等,对2016年4月19日出现在云南省的一次飑线大风天气过程进行分析,着重分析该过程形成时的中尺度特征,结果表明：本次过程产生于弱南支波动和切变线影响下,通过高低空急流耦合及高空动量下传造成雷暴大风天气;层结不稳定、地面辐合线等为强对流天气的产生提供了良好的环境条件。从雷达回波中尺度分析发现,本次过程为飑线影响,持续时间长,存在后侧弱回波区;速度图上存在明显的速度模糊,低层速度大值区,高层辐散、低层辐合、中层径向辐合等特征,均对提前预报预警地面大风有很好的指示性。地面大风与飑线、地面中尺度辐合线和辐散区密切相关,根据地面辐合线可提前1 h左右预警飑线,上述特征信息对地面大风短临预报预警具有较好的指示意义。

     

2012年初夏滇中首场暴雨过程诊断分析

利用地面加密观测资料、多普勒天气雷达回波强度、卫星云图TBB资料和NCEP 1°×1°分析资料,应用滤波和广义位涡理论, 对2012年6月1—2日云南省中部的首场切变冷锋型暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:中尺度天气系统是该次暴雨产生的直接原因, 强降水均发生在云顶亮温等值线梯度较大一侧,回波强度空间分布不均匀,回波发展高度较低,但回波结构致密,低质心,以液态降水粒子为主,因此降水分布不均匀,但降水效率高;水汽源地为孟加拉湾;低层水汽通量辐合带与冷锋、切变线、中尺度辐合线以及β中尺度低涡位置有较好的对应关系;700 hPa,850 hPa水汽通量强辐合区中心位置叠加时,其所在区域地面降水增强;强降水区域上空中低层广义湿位涡的正异常现象体现了降水区中低层高水汽集中特征;单站上空低层的广义湿位涡正异常增加时,地面降水强度增加,反之减小;800 hPa广义湿位涡正异常区对地面降水分布有一定指示作用,但暴雨中心与广义湿位涡强中心并不完全重合。     

盆地西部一次极端短时强降水过程的多源资料分析

利用FY4卫星、多普勒雷达、风廓线雷达、闪电监测以及分钟级降水和风等多源观测资料,从短临监测的角度分析了2020年8月11日四川盆地西部一次极端短时强降水过程。结果表明：本次过程中,多站小时雨量超过100 mm且范围集中。风廓线雷达资料显示,当低空急流加强时,近地层风向发生明显转变,扰动加剧,形成高低空切变线;当强降水发生时,伴有明显的地面辐合线特征,且多普勒雷达呈现出清晰的低层气旋辐合;分钟级降水与降水质心高度、低空急流强度、低层气旋辐合及地面辐合线的形成等具有良好的对应关系;低空急流指数、闪电频次等峰值特征超前强降水峰值0.5~1 h。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.