New Books

NOVYYE KNIGI, 1969, NO. 46

NOVYYE KNIGI, 1969, NO. 47

NOVYYE KNIGI, 1969, NOS. 48–49

NOVYYE KNIGI, 1969, NO. 50

NOVYYE KNIG1, 1969, NO. 51

NOVYYE KNIGI, 1969, NO. 52     

Elementare Gruppentheorie in der Kristallographie

Zusammenfassung Folgender Aufsatz gibt ein Schema über die Beziehung zwischen elementarer Gruppentheorie und Kristallographie.

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Summary The article presents schematically the relation between the elementary theory of groups and crystallography.

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Mit 4 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

On the age of mylonites within the Mont Blanc massif

Abstract

Three generations of mylonites occur in the Mont Blanc Massif :

— the first one has produced mylonitic schists trending N20°E, of regional extension; the late Variscan Mont Blanc granite intruded these mylonites;

— the second one has affected large areas in the Mont Blanc granite, with the same N20°E direction;

— the third one is located along rather narrow bands N45°E, in the granite as well as in the older mylonitic schists.

All theses mylonites have been generated under (Bi) - greenschist facies conditions. They exhibit steeply plunging schistosity and lineation. They are all ante-Alpine; paradoxically, Alpine structures within the massif do not exhibit a striking appearence.     

The Fourth James K. Mitchell Lecture: The CPT in offshore soil investigations - a historic perspective

For the last 40 years, the CPT has played a key role in offshore soil investigations, mainly in connection with oil and gas development, but also for other purposes. The offshore application of CPT has been an important factor with regards to development of equipment, data processing and interpretation. Each of the following aspects are discussed in terms of historic development, present status and future challenges:

- Deployment method and equipment.

- Penetrometer design and construction.

- Data acquisition, processing and quality control.

- Standards and guidelines.

- Interpretation of results and application in foundation design.

It is shown that these developments have greatly enhanced the reliability and applicability of the use of the CPT in soil investigations and design. However, there are still important challenges to be faced in the future     

Doklady Abstracts

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 216, NO. 1, 1974

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 216, NO. 2, 1974

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 216, NO. 3, 1974

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 216, NO. 4, 1974

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 216, NO. 5, 1974

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 216, NO. 6, 1974     

Precambrian fossils from the Hamersley range,Western Australia,and their use in stratigraphic correlation

The palaeontology, correlation and sedimentation of the Proterozoic sequence in the Hamersley Range, Western Australia, are discussed. Fossil calcareous algal growths, such as stromatolites and onkolites are described, as well as possible medusoid impressions. These indicate shallow water accumulation of the sediments and provide evidence of the extensive existence of plant and animal life in the Late Precambrian of Western Australia.

Distinctive stromatolites are shown to characterize various levels in the Proterozoic succession. A descending sequence of stromatolite assemblages is proposed denoted by:

• Collenia frequens—Conophyton cf. inclinatum

• Collenia australasica—C. undosa

• C. cf. kona—C. brockmani

• C. sp. aff. multiflabella.

Emphasis is placed on the possible significance of these calcareous algae for correlation and age subdivision of the Proterozoic of Western Australia and its relation to other Precambrian successions.     

Strukturuntersuchung an einer Hornblende aus dem eklogitischen Gestein von Stramez,südliche Koralpe

Zusammenfassung Eine Strukturuntersuchung auf Grund zweidimensionaler Fouriermethoden bestätigt für die Hornblende aus dem eklogitischen Gestein von Stramez die vermutete kristallchemische Formel, wobei sich die Position A in 10-Koordination als besetzt erweist. Außerdem ist für die 6-koordinierten Kationen eine nichtstatistische Besetzung der Atomlagen wahrscheinlich.

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Summary An investigation by two-dimensional Fourier methods of a hornblende, occurring in eclogitic rocks at Stramez, Saualpe, confirms an atomic arrangement, which shows the 10-coordinated position A being occupied. For the cations in 6-coordination a nonstatistical distribution may be assumed.

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Mit 1 Textabbildung

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Die Ostafrikanischen Gräben

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Schlußwort in der betreffenden Sektion des 18. Internationalen Geologen-Kongresses in London, 1948     

Evidence of late oligocene/early miocene backthrusting in the central alpine “root zone”

Abstract

Two groups of stretching lineations can be distinguished in the Central Alpine " root zone " between Ticino and Mera :

1) Steeply plunging lineations formed during retrograde metamor-Phism under amphibolite/greenschist facies conditions indicate an uplift movement of the Central Alps. The lineations can be related to an important back-thrusting event of late Oligocene/early Miocene age.

2) Gently plunging lineations formed under lower greenschist facies conditions display a pattern typical of a dextral strike-slip system. These lineations are of early Miocene age.

This cpmbined movement, achieved by ductile deformation along the lnsubric line was followed by a stage of brittle deformation in a dextral strike-slip system (= Tonale line).

The signification of this interpretation is shown in a new crustal cross section through the Central Alpine/Southern Alpine border zone in the Iicino area.     

Fission-Track-Alter von Durango-Apatit,Mexiko

Spontaneous and induced fission tracks in apatite were revealed by etching with HNO₃ and used for fission track dating. The fission track age of specimens known as Durango-Apatite was found to be (36.3±3.5) · 10⁶ a.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Mitteln des Österreichischen Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.

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Den Herrn Prof. Dr. M. Higatsberger und Dipl.-Ing. A. Burtscher von der Studiengesellschaft für Atomenergie in Seibersdorf verdanken wir die sorgfältige Durchführung der Bestrahlung der Proben.     

FORMATION CONDITIONS AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF TECTONIC BRECCIAS IN THE KARATAU RANGE,MIDDLE PALEOZOIC CARBONATE SECTION (SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN)

This paper reviews ideas regarding origin and classification of carbonate breccias in the middle Paleozoic section of the Karatau Range. A genetic classification of these breccias, following that of T. M. Dembo, is based on the following important criteria: 1) stratigraphic nature of component fragments; 2) contact relations with enclosing strata; 3) character of lateral changes of breccias; 4) nature of interfragmental matrix and cement; 5) degree of replacement and recrystallization. Breccias are grouped into the following five principal types, within each of which there may be distinguished several subtypes:

1. I - Cumulative

   II - Sedimentary-deformational
   III - Tectonic
   IV - Polygenetic
   V - Karst

The carbonate breccias of the Karatau Range include a number of distinct tectonic varieties which are discussed in some detail. --R.C. Epis.     

Die spannungsoptische Meßpatrone in ihrer Anwendung im gebirgsmechanischen Modellversuch

ZusammenfassungDie spannungsoptische Meßpatrone in ihrer Anwendung im gebirgsmechanischen Modellversuch Die in den letzten Jahren für in-situ-Messungen von Gebirgsspannungen entwickelte spannungsoptische Meßpatrone kann in entsprechender Ausführung auch in Modelle für gebirgsmechanische Untersuchungen eingesetzt werden. Die Anwendung im Modellversuch, die Eichung und ein Beispiel werden erläutert.

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SummaryThe Hard-Inclusion Stressmeter and Its Use in Rock Mechanical Model Tests The hard-inclusion stressmeter, developed during recent years for determination of in-situ stress in rock masses, is in principle applicable also to model tests. This application, the calibration and an example are described.

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Vortrag, gehalten beim XIX. Geomechanik-Kolloquium am 16. Oktober 1969 in Salzburg.

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Mit 6 Abbildungen     

Integrating satellite soil-moisture estimates and hydrological model products over Australia

Abstract

Accurate soil-moisture monitoring is essential for water-resource management and agricultural applications, and is now widely undertaken using satellite remote sensing or terrestrial hydrological models’ products. While both methods have limitations, e.g. the limited soil depth resolution of space-borne data and data deficiencies in models, data-assimilation techniques can provide an alternative approach. Here, we use the recently developed data-driven Kalman–Takens approach to integrate satellite soil-moisture products with those of the Australian Water Resources Assessment system Landscape (AWRA-L) model. This is done to constrain the model’s soil-moisture simulations over Australia with those observed from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System and Soil-Moisture and Ocean Salinity between 2002 and 2017. The main objective is to investigate the ability of the integration framework to improve AWRA-L simulations of soil moisture. The improved estimates are then used to investigate spatiotemporal soil-moisture variations. The results show that the proposed model-satellite data integration approach improves the continental soil-moisture estimates by increasing their correlation to independent in situ measurements (～10% relative to the non-assimilation estimates).

Highlights

• Satellite soil-moisture measurements are used to improve model simulation.

• A data-driven approach based on Kalman–Takens is applied.

• The applied data-integration approach improves soil-moisture estimates.

     

Origin of pyrite ores in Caucasus

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 212, NO. 3, 1973

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 212, NO. 4, 1973

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 212, NO. 5, 1973

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 212, NO. 6, 1973

AN SSSR DOKLADY, VOLUME 213, NO. 1, 1973     

A note on the petrology and geochemistry of Obsidian and Bumice from Iceland

Summary The petrography and major and trace elements of five samples of lcelandic neovolcanic rocks have been studied. The results are discussed with respect to the literature.

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Notiz zur Petrologie und Geochemie der isländischen Obsidiane und Bimssteine

Zusammenfassung Fünf Proben neovulkanischer Gesteine Islands wurden petrographisch und auf Hauptund Spurenelemente untersucht. Die erhaltenen Resultate wurden anhand der Literatur diskutiert.

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With 2 Figures

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Dedicated to Univ. Prof. Dr.H. Meixner on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Multiple stages of phengite formation in Sanbagawa schists

Summary Basic and pelitic schists of the garnet and biotite zones in the Sanbagawa belt in Shikoku, Japan, commonly contain phengite developed at different stages of metamorphism. Textures of the phengite and associated minerals show that Al-rich phengite is a prograde product and Al-poor phengite is a retrograde product.

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Mehrfache Stadien der Phengit-Bildung in den Sanbagawa-Schiefern

Zusammenfassung Basische und pelitische Schiefer der Granat- und Biotitzonen im Sanbagawa Gürtel in Shikoku, Japan, führen Phengite, die während verschiedener Stadien der Metamorphose entstanden sind. Texturen der Phengite und assoziierter Minerale zeigen, daß Al-reicher Phengit das Produkt prograder Metamorphose ist, während Al-armer Phengit auf retrograde Metamorphose zurückgeht.

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With 5 Figures

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On leave from the Geological Survey of Slovakia, Spissa, Spisska, Nova Ves, Slovakia     

Über den Einfluß von Meeresspiegelschwankungen auf Flachwassersedimente im Schwäbischen Jura

Zusammenfassung Im Ablagerungsbecken des Unteren Lias und Dogger dürften, wenn nicht Ebbe und Flut, so doch aperiodische Schwankungen des Meeresspiegels um mehrer Meter aufgetreten sein. Durch die Spiegelschwankungen wird das Sedimentgefüge in von Ort zu Ort wechselndem Ausmaß geändert, austretendes Porenwasser trägt außerdem zur Sedimentbildung bei.

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Summary Aperiodic fluctuations of sea level, caused by wind, during some periods of Lower and Middle Jurassic in Southern Germany should have had similar effects as tides in Watten today, altering the fabric of sediments and bringing pore water low in pH and eH to the surface. Glauconite and Chamosite may have been formed by mixing of normal sea water with pore water.

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Mit 1 Textabbildung

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Reviews

F. L. Stillwell Anniversary Volume. Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, 302 pages, many plates and figures. 1958.

Our Mineral Resources, by Charles M. Riley; x + 338 pages; 102 figures; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York and London. $6.95.

Researches in Geochemistry, edited by P. H. Abelson; John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1959. $11.00.

Basic Geology for Science and Engineering, by Edward C. Dapples; vii + 609 pages; 231 figures. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1959. $9.50.

Historical Geology, by Carl O. Dunbar; xi + 500 pages; 406 figures. Second Edition, publication date August, 1960; John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. $7.95.

Time, Life and Man, by R. A. Stirton; xi + 558 pages; 291 figures. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1958.

Vector Space, by Martin J. Buerger; xiv + 347 pages; numerous line drawings; John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York and London. $12.00.

Geology of the Country Around Polonnaruwa, by Piyadasa W. Vtkanage. 1959. Memoir No. 1, Department of Mineralogy, Geological Survey of Ceylon; ix + 75 pages; 11 figures; 12 plates.     

Korngefüge als Geothermometer

Zusammenfassung Die ungleiche Orientierung nach der Gestalt und ungleiche chemische Zusammensetzung von Gliedern der Mischkristalle von Hornblende und Granat kann als Geothermometer verwendet werden. Außerdem weisen verschiedene Translationsmechanismen in Quarz, Calcit und Olivin auf ungleiche Temperaturen hin.

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Petro-fabrics as a geothermometer

Summary The special type of preferred orientation of minerals in rocks can be used as a geothermometer. Hornblende and garnet with different chemical composition belong to various metamorphic facies and some of these show different crystal orientation. Special planes of mechanical translation in the minerals quartz, calcite, and olivine are also characteristic for distinct temperatures.

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Mit 1 Abbildung

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c.B. Sander zum 90. Geburtstag gewidmet.