冀北崇礼—赤城大断裂的多相逆冲——兼论内蒙地轴隆升的构造制约因素

阐述了内蒙地轴南缘崇礼—赤城东西向大断裂的多变形变质相构造岩带特征,确定并阐明了五台—吕梁期的角闪岩相韧性逆冲、海西晚期的绿片岩相脆—韧性逆冲及燕山早期的表层次脆性逆冲的多次逆冲运动。根据各期构造岩的变质温压条件,对北盘内蒙地轴在几次逆冲期的抬升幅度进行了分析,提出内蒙地轴是水平挤压体制控制下的隆起带。     

塔北南坡差异构造隆升及其对古岩溶发育的影响

利用平衡剖面恢复法,研究了塔北南坡各次级单元构造演化的时空差异性,结合寒武系-奥陶系储层不整合面的发育特征,进一步探讨差异隆升过程对古岩溶尤其是表生岩溶发育的影响。研究结果表明：英买力凸起和库尔勒鼻凸形成于加里东中期早幕,至燕山晚期基本定型;构造隆升对应了加里东中期早幕-燕山中期的岩溶作用,岩溶持续时间长、溶蚀作用强烈,但古岩溶也在长期暴露过程中遭到剥蚀。阿克库勒凸起和草湖凹陷则形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,定型于印支期;构造隆升时间与加里东中期Ⅰ幕-海西晚期的岩溶作用相对应,抬升暴露适度,有利于大规模岩溶的形成和保存。哈拉哈塘凹陷形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,海西晚期已基本定型,对应加里东中期Ⅰ幕和Ⅲ幕的岩溶作用,表生岩溶作用的影响相对较弱。     

利用储层流体包裹体确定鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块上古生界油气充注期次和时期

流体包裹体是保存在储层中的微小流体样品,包含有丰富的地质信息。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块18口井的62块流体包裹体样品进行荧光观察和显微测温,认为该区上古生界地层共发生过6期流体活动,均与油气成藏有关,并以第二期—第六期的天然气充注为主。结合埋藏史分析可知,油气成藏分别发生在距今190～150Ma的早侏罗世中期—中侏罗世晚期,150～124Ma的中侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期,124～101Ma的早白垩世早期—早白垩世中期,101～86Ma的早白垩世中期—早白垩世中末期和86～70Ma的早白垩世中末期—早白垩世末期。其中,早侏罗世中期—中侏罗世晚期为油气充注的初始阶段,中侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期为轻质油的主要成藏时期,中侏罗世晚期至早白垩世末为研究区内目的层天然气的主要成藏时期。     

耕层土壤含水量消长规律分析

利用濉溪县耕层土壤含水量和同期观测的降水量、蒸发量资料分析表明:耕层土壤含水量的消长与基期土壤含水量、期间降水量和蒸发量呈多元直线相关关系,其中耕层土壤含水量增加量主要取决于基期土壤含水量的高低和降水量的多少;土壤含水量减少量主要取决于蒸发量的多少和基期土壤含水量的高低。耕层土壤相对含水量在50%～65%之间,需降水或补充灌溉15.9～82.3mm的水量。降水效力与基期土壤含水量和降水量呈多元指数曲线关系,蒸发效力与基期土壤含水量呈指数曲线关系。耕层土壤含水量的消退呈“快—缓慢—滞缓”的变化过程。使耕层相对含水量达到80%以上的一次降水(过程)过后,连续9.2～39.6d无降水耕层相对含水量尚可维持在60%以上。     

三岔沟金矿区钼矿成矿时代及中条山区找矿方向的研究

利用Re-Os同位素测年方法对我国著名的中条山多金属成矿带三岔沟金矿区的辉钼矿进行了年龄精测,获得了 1823±23Ma 的新数据。这一结果表明三岔沟金矿中的辉钼矿形成于古元古代晚期。结合前人获得的中条山铜矿峪铜矿区的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄,可以认为,中条运动（吕梁期）是中条山地区一个重要的钼成矿期。因此,吕梁期辉钼矿Re-Os年龄的获得,一方面证实了前寒武纪成矿期的存在,另一方面也为该地区寻找钼矿及变斑岩型铜钼矿指出了找矿方向。     

昆明松华坝水源地降水特征及小波分析

对松花坝站1953～2011年降水特征分析表明,昆明市松华坝水源地降水量呈减少趋势,且降水高度集中在主汛期,后汛期降水偏少,不利于水库防洪调度与水库蓄水。小波分析结果表明,松华坝水源地年降水量、汛期、主汛期和后汛期降水量均存在2a短周期,但长周期各异。年降水量、汛期及主汛期降水量在较大时间尺度上分为1977年之前的偏丰期、1977～1993年的偏枯期、1994～2008年的偏丰期、2009～2011年的偏枯期,而后汛期降水量在较大时间尺度上分为1957年前的偏枯期、1957～1968年的偏丰期、1969～1982年的偏枯期、1983～1997年的偏丰期、1997～2011年的偏枯期。由小波分析和趋势来看,2009年之后的降水偏枯期还将延续11a左右的时间。     

HISTORIC-DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD METALLOGENY OF WEST SARAWAK,EAST MALAYSIS

West Sarawak,which located in the northwest of South Kalimantan Diwa Region,underwent geosynclinal period (An C-T),platform period (J1-J2) and diwa period (J3-).In geosynclinal evolution period,the crust was thickened and accreted by sedimentary accumulating,orogenic movement and metamorphism.In the different kinds of volcanic-sedimentary rocks,content of gold is general higher than the mean value of upper crust and its enrichment factor ranges from 0.94 to 4.7.The basement tectonics formed in geosynclinal fold inversionstage strike northeast,which controlled the distribution ofmagmatic activities and gold mineralization belts of the west part of west Sarawak.     

鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化和构造控煤作用

鄂尔多斯盆地是印支运动后在滨太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域影响下形成的中生代大型内陆坳陷,现今盆地范围是后期改造的结果。盆地构造演化过程可分为早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期、中侏罗世、晚侏罗世和早白垩世4个阶段,早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期形成了丰富的煤炭资源。构造运动对聚煤期、聚煤区和煤层形成后的赋存特征均具有重要的控制作用：聚煤期受控于大地构造背景;聚煤区围绕盆地沉降中心呈环带状展布,煤层层数、厚度和横向变化规律在盆地不同部位表现出不同的特点;构造转折期与构造转折部位是控制煤层形成的重要因素。该盆地内主要的控煤构造单元有：西缘褶皱冲断带、天环坳陷、伊陕单斜、渭北断隆和河东断褶带。     

湘南荷花坪地区王仙岭岩体地球化学特征及成矿作用

王仙岭岩体由两期花岗岩组成,早期花岗岩发生钨锡矿化,晚期花岗岩无矿化显示。本文对两期花岗岩主量、稀土、微量元素特征、形成构造环境及其与成矿关系等方面进行对比研究,认为成矿花岗岩与不成矿花岗岩主要区别在于早期花岗岩富含电气石,B、F、Cs含量高,其岩浆分异演化程度高,电气石中Fe含量约占8.99%,F含量约占2.10%,而晚期花岗岩不含电气石或电气石含量很少,岩浆演化程度相对低。深层原因为王仙岭早期花岗岩形成软流圈地幔上涌峰期,壳-幔作用强烈,深源流体丰富,而王仙岭晚期花岗岩形成软流圈地幔上涌峰期之后,壳-幔作用较弱,成矿作用强度可能与壳-幔作用强度呈正相关性。     

基于已知钻孔的场地类别模糊等值线的建立

对照现行《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）场地类别划分方法,应用模糊数学原理,推导了场地类别的模糊二次评价方法,得出了场地类别的模糊向量和模糊特征周期,实现了场地类别划分的连续化;在此基础上,基于收集到的杭州市254个建筑场地波速钻孔实测资料,通过建立场地类别地质模型,实现了场地类别、特征周期的模糊等值线,与实测资料对比,结果表明：由该模糊等值线得出的建筑场地抗震类别与现行《建筑抗震设计规范》给出的场地类别是统一的,模糊特征周期与规范给出的特征周期基本上是吻合的,该模糊等值线对建筑抗震设计具有指导意义。     

临清坳陷东部石炭-二叠系二次生烃差异性研究

受盆地多旋回叠加和反转演化控制,临清坳陷东部石炭-二叠系含煤系地层烃源岩经历了二次生烃过程,并在空间上表现出强烈的差异性。通过对这套烃源岩生烃史模拟结果表明,石炭-二叠系烃源岩于早中三叠世进入生烃门限,随后印支运动造成全区生烃中止,中新生代烃源岩再次深埋,发生二次生烃作用。不同井区二次生烃在时间和空间上存在差异性,洼陷带发育三个“二次生烃”阶段,生烃高峰期发生在新生代,凸起带发育两个“二次生烃”阶段,生烃高峰期发生在中生代,隆起区尚未发生二次生烃。二次生烃早期生成的烃类基本遭受破坏,晚期生成的烃类具备成藏条件,是勘探的主要目标。现今洼陷带烃源岩已进入成熟-高成熟阶段,成为晚期煤成气藏的气灶。     

三峡地区更新世滑坡与新裂活动、气候变化关系的再认识

滑坡是三峡地区主要的地质灾害之一。三峡地区滑坡形成及发展的阶段性与新构造活动密切相关,与气候的冷暖变化也有密切关系。在系统收集三峡地区断裂活动同位素测试年龄的基础上,做出了断裂活动的年龄分布直方图。与滑坡年代分布对比发现,断裂活跃峰期与滑坡活跃峰期相间分布,后者明显滞后于前者;与气候期对比发现,断裂活跃期多对应于气候的由暖转冷阶段。综合分析表明,断裂活跃峰期的构造活动主要为后期滑坡的发生准备了充分的条件,而暖湿气候环境的强降水及地震活动,则是触发滑坡发生的主要因素。     

河北滦河流域冲积物花粉与植被关系的研究

滦河流域13 个水文站不同时期(枯水期、洪水期、平水期)新鲜冲积物花粉分析表明，冲积物花粉组合受流域内植物花期影响。枯水期木本植物花粉含量高于草本植物，对应春季多数乔木花期。平水期草本植物花粉含量高于木本植物，对应夏、秋季多数草本植物花期。洪水期草本植物花粉含量略高于木本植物。洪水期冲积物中的木本植物花粉主要是由雨水片流将春季落入表土的花粉带入河水中所致。燕山地区的冲积物主要系洪水期沉积，所以燕山地区冲积物花粉组合中20%～40%的乔木花粉代表了现在燕山山区20%～25%的森林覆盖率，这为根据冲积物花粉定量恢复古植被森林覆盖率提供了现代依据。     

广东恐龙蛋层位及其分布

广东已知产恐龙蛋地点除南雄外,已遍及粤东—粤西的白渡、河源、惠州、三水、茂名等大小晚白垩世红层盆地,含恐龙蛋地层大致可划分为：早期含圆形蛋层,仅见于三水盆地;中期圆形蛋—长形蛋层,见于三水、河源、惠州、白渡等盆地;晚期含巨形蛋—椭圆形蛋—长形蛋层,见于南雄、茂名盆地     

A stochastic model of sedimentation

A mathematical model is presented which describes the origin of the earth's geological record in terms of a stochastic process involving random events of sedimentation and erosion. The model yields quantitative predictions of the percentages of the earth's land area in which sediments of one geological period directly overlie those of any given earlier period. It also predicts the total amount of sediment dating from each geological period, and the percentage of the earth's surface marked by outcrops of this sediment. These computed quantities are shown to correlate well with corresponding quantities derived from empirical investigation.     

云南弥渡宝兴厂金矿床成矿模式

宝兴厂矿区地质构造复杂,成矿条件有利。区内北东向响水断裂带是主要的控岩和控矿构造。三类金矿床分别在斑岩成矿期、热液成矿期和表生成矿期成生。文中建立相应的成矿模式。     

Cainozoic Stratigraphy of the lake Eyre basin and part of the arid region lying to the South

The Cainozoic history of the Lake Eyre region opened with a period of deep weathering during which many of the older rocks were extensively kaolinized. Following erosion and later deposition of a thin sheet of Tertiary fluviatile deposits, a period of weathering resulted in the widespread formation of silcrete. Another period of erosion and deposition was followed by soil formation and minor silici‐fication.

An important period of erosion followed during which some of the main elements of the present landscape were outlined. Warping during this interval gave rise to shallow basins in which lacustrine sediments accumulated. At about the same time, a system of mound springs developed near the western margin of the Great Artesian Basin. Another major period of erosion followed, by which time the main topographic features of the present landscape had evolved. This last event probably took place near the close of the Tertiary. Throughout the Tertiary, drainage was external and ancestral Lake Eyre remained fresh.

The Quaternary was characterized by four periods of aeolian and, to a lesser extent, water erosion and deposition alternating with periods of landscape stability, when weathering and soil formation took place.

Throughout the Cainozoic there was an alternation of relatively humid and dry periods, but true aridity and internal drainage did not appear until the Quaternary. Sand ridges were not formed until the late Quaternary. Intervals of gentle warping occurred from time to time during the Tertiary, but the Quaternary has for the most part been a period of stability. These events have given rise to a sequence of distinctive rock and soil‐stratigraphic units whose characteristics are considered in some detail.     

The origin of the Betic orogen,southern Spain

Data are presented on the polyphase deformation and plurifacial metamorphism in the eastern part of the Betic Zone of southern Spain. An older period of polyphase deformation with roughly NW-SE fold axes is succeeded by a younger period with NE-SW to E-W axes which coincide with the present grain of the belt. Metamorphism during the older period occurred in two episodes, each consisting of a kinematic stage succeeded by a static stage. These episodes seem to be present in all of the tectonic complexes recognized in the area.Dating of the periods of deformation by means of stratigraphical methods suggests a Neogene or possibly older age for the younger period and a post-Early Jurassic-preNeogene age for the older period. Various considerations, e.g. concerning plate-tectonic origin, suggest a Mesozoic age for the latter.The fold orientations are thought to be in disagreement with the normally assumed northward direction of tectonic transport in the Betic Zone. Movements in this direction are restricted to the younger period of deformation, whereas NE-SW to E-W movements are deduced to have been of major importance during the older period of deformation which relates to the overthrust structures in the Betic Zone. It is here supposed that the original palaeogeographic zones were roughly oriented in a NW-SE direction.Between the younger and older periods, the Betic Zone is supposed to have approached the Subbetic Zone along megashears. The latter zone has not been influenced by the older period of deformation.     

山东鲁东碰撞造山型金矿成矿作用探讨

碰撞造山成矿作用是大陆动力学研究的重要内容,大地构造相编图是研究山东大陆块体离散、会聚、碰撞、造山的大陆动力学过程的主要载体和具体表达形式.作者在编制1:50万山东省大地构造相图时发现,鲁东地区中生代有两次重要的碰撞造山事件——印支和燕山碰撞造山作用.印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压-超高压变...     

红旗岭―茶尖岭矿带部分含矿岩体时代认识——从陆壳、岩石圈角度认识含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体时代

红旗岭―茶尖岭矿带发育镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)及铜镍硫化物矿床。关于该矿带含矿岩体时代的观点包括华力西期和印支期。含铜镍硫化物矿床的镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)发育要件:初始成熟陆壳、较薄的岩石圈、拉张应力背景,三者缺一不可。只有符合地质事实、符合矿带含铜镍矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)发育要件的同位素定年数据,才能代表含矿岩体的成岩成矿时代。红旗岭—茶尖岭矿带印支期不具备含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)产出的要件。华力西期350Ma,矿带具备红旗岭1号、7号含中、大型铜镍硫化物矿床的镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出的要件,理应代表1号、7号岩体时代;华力西期258Ma,矿带具备茶尖岭包括1号、6号、新6号等含小型铜镍硫化物矿床的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体产出的要件,均代表茶尖岭矿区的镁铁-超镁铁岩体的时代。