Physical and Numerical Modeling of Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction in Layered Soils

The structural response of buildings subjected to seismic loads is affected by local site conditions and the interaction between the structure and the supporting soil media. Seismic centrifuge model tests were conducted on two layered clay soil profiles at 80 g field to investigate soil-structure interaction and dynamic response of foundation. Several earthquake-like shaking events were applied to the models using an electro-hydraulic shaking table to simulate linear and nonlinear soil behavior. Results showed that the foundation input motion was significantly amplified in both models, especially for weak earthquake motions. Seismic soil-structure interaction was found to have an important effect on structure response by increasing the amplification of foundation input motion. A 3D finite difference numerical model was also developed to simulate the response of centrifuge model tests and study the parameters that affect the characteristics of earthquake at the base of the structure. The results indicated that the stiffness and stratification of the soil profiles had a significant effect on modifying the foundation input motion.     

PML Absorbing Boundary Condition for Seismic Numerical Modeling by Convolutional Differentiator in Fluid-Saturated Porous Media

The perfectly matched layer(PML) was first introduced by Berenger as an absorbing boundary condition for electromagnetic wave propagation.In this article,a method is developed to ex-tend the PML to simulating seismic wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous medium.This non-physical boundary is used at the computational edge of a Forsyte polynomial convolutional differenti-ator(FPCD) algorithm as an absorbing boundary condition to truncate unbounded media.The incor-poration of PML in Biot's equations is gi...     

隐伏活断层地震勘探正演模拟方法

浅层高分辨率地震勘探是城市活断层探测手段中最有效、最可靠的方法之一,但是由于隐伏活断层勘探时存在着勘探深度浅、地层的属性差异小以及环境噪声大等因素,导致地震勘探数据信噪比低、反射信号弱等问题,严重影响地震数据的采集、处理和解释。采用一阶应力-速度方程的高阶交错网格有限差分方法, 结合完全匹配层(PML)的边界处理方法和通量校正(FCT)法消除频散的技术手段,对活断层模型地震勘探进行正演模拟,清晰直观地表现了断层处的细微差别,有助于地震勘探中对信号的分析与理解。结果表明,这些处理手段结合波动方程有限差分算法,能够有效实现薄层、弱反射的隐伏活断层模型的波场正演模拟,可有效识别隐伏活断层的断层倾角、断距、规模、跨越范围、断层深度以及断裂带影响范围,为分析这些参数对地震记录的影响提供有力帮助,同时结合实测地震数据的处理、解释,为防灾减灾提供具体有力的判据。     

Numerical Modeling in the Structural Study of Technogenic Rock Array

The relevance of research underlies in the fact that numerical models of technogenic rock arrays can predict and evaluate structural and mechanical properties, which are very difficult or even impossible to study instrumentally. It is possible to simulate the technogenic rock array’s structure by the method of discrete elements, where each particle in the array structure is described separately. The article contains the method of numerical simulation of structure of bulk disjointed rock array, describes the basic initial and boundary conditions of the model; represents the visualization of numerical model of the array created with peripheral dumping (as the array with more textured and visual segregated granulometric composition). The ways of application of technogenic rock array numerical modeling in the mining process are described. Comparative analysis of real and simulated array structure shows the adequacy of the numerical model and the algorithm developed for its creation. In addition, the adequacy of the model is supported by a high convergence of the experimental and calculated dependence of the filtration rate values upon the particle size distribution of technogenic rock arrays.     

陆域冻土区天然气水合物多波地震数值模拟研究

多波地震勘探技术能够同时获得纵波和转换波资料,与常规的纵波勘探相比,能够提供更多的地下介质信息。且转换波对于埋深较浅的小断层、小幅度构造有更高的分辨率,充分利用多分量地震资料可以有效的提高地震勘探的精度。本文将多波地震技术引入到陆域冻土区天然气水合物勘探中,对陆域冻土区水合物进行多波地震数值模拟研究。采用弹性波有限差分方法进行多分量正演模拟,利用仿射坐标转换法将原始的多分量地震数据进行纵横波叠前分离,并通过多波高斯束偏移方法分别对波场分离后的PP波和转换PS波进行叠前深度偏移成像。根据我国祁连山冻土区水合物实际地震地质资料,建立逼近真实地质情况的天然气水合物数值模型。对上述水合物模型进行多波地震数值试算表明,多波地震勘探技术是一种有效的陆域冻土区水合物探测方法,充分利用多波地震资料有利于查明陆域冻土区水合物精细的地质构造,取得更好的勘探效果。     

利用有限正弦和有限余弦变换模拟地震波场:声波方程

研究了一种利用有限正弦和有限余弦变换解变密度声波方程的方法,它的基本思想有下列4点：(1)对声波方程两端进行关于一个或多个变量的有限正弦或有限余弦变换;（2）将待求波场的Fourier正弦或余弦级数表达式代入到经过变换后的波动方程之中,进而得到级数表达系数所满足的微分方程式;（3）分别对时间和未作变换的空间导数进行有限差分或其它形式的近似,得到变换系数所满足的离散（矩阵）方程;（4）将通过解离散（矩阵）方程而得到的变换系数代入到相应的反演公式中去,用求和的方式得到待求波场的数值解。与其它方法相比,利用有限正弦和有限余弦的优点在于可以无限制地扩展变换方向的计算区间和可以处理任意变化的速度和密度结构而不明显地增加计算量。     

断层物理模型实验及其地震响应特征分析

介绍了一个断层物理模型实验，通过实验研究断层的地震响应特征，主要包括：断层对下伏地层地震响应的影响；断层对侧向地层地震反射特征的影响；断点散射特征。以前人们对断层的地城响应的认识过于简单或不全面，一条断层的出现往往造成复杂的地震响应，这种复杂性会给地震资料解释造成“陷阱”。通过对实验资料的分析，确认了地震资料断层“解释陷阱”的存在、类型及产生的原因，有利于避免断层解释过程中的失误。     

可控震源地震勘探的数值模拟

用可控震源激发的线性扫频（Chirp）信号模拟了二维地震勘探,采用相关处理技术把反射Chirp地震信号转化为脉冲地震信号形成了相关地震剖面,把相关地震剖面与脉冲震源产生的合成地震记录剖面进行了对比。相关地震剖面同相轴波形的最大绝对值出现的位置反映了界面的真实位置信息。相关地震剖面比脉冲震源产生的合成地震记录剖面具有更高的分辨率。对震源扫频信号进行适当地锥化处理可以部分地压制相关地震剖面中反射地震信号的旁瓣。     

地震波场模拟中的褶积微分算子法

褶积微分算子是将偏导数算子的带限傅氏谱进行反傅氏变换得到的,具有对称或反对称和衰减速度快的特点。根据频谱分析理论,选用序列在结束时能光滑趋于零的截断窗口将褶积算子截断,结合考虑微分算子守恒定律,将褶积算子中心值进行修正,得到适合于波场模拟的最优权系数。给出用褶积微分算子模拟声波波场的实现途径与实例。理论分析与模型试算证明了褶积微分算子法的正确性与有效性。     

正演技术在石膏矿地震勘探中的应用

利用地质和地震资料通过采用正演技术模拟石膏矿体的地震反射特征,设计了与矿体发育特征相适应观测系统参数,并应用到石膏矿的地震勘探中。通过分析对比地震时间剖面上的反射波特征,对石膏矿赋存特征和构造规律进行了解释研究,并评价了地震勘探方法对石膏等沉积型矿藏的勘探效果。利用该方法在新疆南疆地区进行了勘探试验和研究,取得了较好的效果,该方法有着良好的应用前景。     

川藏铁路线V形深切河谷地形地震放大效应数值模拟

V形河谷场地能产生地震动放大效应,并加剧地震的破坏作用和灾害效应。基于高性能离散元软件MatDEM,对规则V形河谷以及真实河谷地形下的放大效应进行数值模拟研究。结果表明,对于规则V形河谷,在地震波水平入射的情况下,背波坡面产生明显的地震动加速度放大效应,并在临近谷底处最为强烈;随着河谷坡角的增大,放大效应增大。数值模拟结果和解析解具有一致的趋势和规律,并符合现场观测现象。将模型进一步应用于川藏铁路线日扎深切河谷的分析,发现地形微小的转折将会影响到波的传播,临近谷底处的加速度放大效应与规则地形较为一致。离散元法能有效地模拟河谷中地震波的传播、反射、散射等现象,可用于川藏铁路沿线复杂条件下的动力作用灾害效应分析。     

俯冲板块的动力学性质对平板俯冲的影响：数值模拟

平板俯冲是地球上一种独特的俯冲模式,主要发生在南美洲地区,与该地区的地震、火山等构造地质现象有着密切联系。平板俯冲的形成机制和影响因素仍然需要进一步地研究。文章通过数值模拟的方法,研究了俯冲板块的动力学性质对于平俯冲板片形态的影响。模拟实验结果表明,俯冲板块的厚度和密度差（与地幔）对平板俯冲的形成有着决定性的影响。合适的俯冲板块厚度（70 km 左右）有利于在俯冲过程中形成平板片。厚度较大的板片难以发生弯曲,阻碍了平板片的形成。俯冲板块与地幔的密度差越小,越容易形成平板俯冲,平板片的长度也越长。俯冲板片的密度差太大也不利于形成平板片。此外,高粘度的俯冲板块容易形成平板俯冲,俯冲板块的粘度与形成的平板片的长度也成正比。研究还发现,平板俯冲的形成伴随着海沟后撤速率的减小。参考模型重现了智利中部平板俯冲的形态,为研究该地区的平板俯冲机制提供了新认识。     

Numerical Simulation of Seismic Wave Propagation in Coastal Zones

Doklady Earth Sciences - The problem of tsunami warning and the use of the grid-characteristic method developed for studying wave processes in heterogeneous media is addressed. A multilayer...     

A Workflow for Static Reservoir Modeling Guided by Seismic Data in a Fluvial System

Realistic and accurate static geologic models are an essential element needed to predict the behavior of subsurface reservoirs and play an important role in petroleum engineering. Data used in the development of a static geologic model are gathered from various sources, such as seismic, log, and core data, each of them providing information on different physical properties of interest and with varying degrees of resolution. Compiling all data from various sources into a single representation of the subsurface formation of interest is a daily challenge for many petroleum geologists and engineers. This paper describes a framework to develop and select process-mimicking models that are consistent with available seismic attributes, namely impedance. Using a process-mimicking modeling package, 75 models of a fluvial meandering system are generated, one of which is chosen as the “true” model and masked thereafter. The implemented selection method relies on the degree of similarity in the histogram of representations of clusters of all possible patterns in the seismic impedance domain based on each process-mimicking model and that of the “true” model at several resolutions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of a weighted average divergence distance across multiple levels to select process-mimicking models that honor seismic data the best.     

地震波传播的褶积微分算子法数值模拟

为了解决地震波场数值模拟中的速度与精度的匹配及局部信息与全局信息的耦合等问题, 该文借助新推出的基于Forsyte广义正交多项式的褶积微分算子, 将计算数学中的Forsyte多项式褶积微分算子应用到地震波传播的数值模拟中.复杂非均匀介质模型数值模拟结果说明了该方法的可行性和优越性.该方法同时具有广义正交多项式褶积微分算子的高精度和有限差分短算子算法的高速度.通过对算子长度的调节及算子系数的优化, 可同时兼顾波场解的全局信息与局部信息.      

天然地震数值模拟与实例对比

为了解决长时间正演模拟的不稳定性问题, 实现天然地震波场长时间数值模拟.在高阶有限差分数值模拟的基础上, 给出了多轴向完全匹配吸收边界(M-PML)二维划分方式, 讨论了M-PML吸收边界转换系数P的取值对其吸收能力与截断误差对数值模拟有效信号的影响.实现了二维弹性波高阶有限差分的长时间数值模拟.采用2013年12月16日湖北省巴东县地震及余震信息, 对该地震数据进行了数值模拟, 并与武汉、秭归两台站数据进行了分析和讨论, 验证该正演模拟方法的正确性和有效性.为天然地震波场传播规律、成像和震相识别及震源定位等研究提供了基础.      

污水侧排近区特性的三维数值模拟研究——数学模型及其检验(Ⅰ)

给出描述热污水全深度侧排的三维湍流数学模型,并考虑了浮力效应.进而采用Chu的实验资料进行检验,计算结果和试验资料的吻合证明了模型和方法的正确性,为进一步数值预报其近区特性奠定基础.