植被覆盖区1∶5万多光谱遥感找矿模式的研究--以内蒙古额尔古纳市大梁研究区为例

地面植被的发育,在一定程度上,弱化、掩盖或屏蔽了岩石和土壤的光谱和空间信息.另一方面,植物的群落、分布和生长状态与下伏岩石土壤特性和构造之间常表现出具有一定的相关性,植被的毒化往往指示矿化的可能存在,植被空间分布和地貌影像特征揭示了构造的展布特征.构造分析和毒化植被的识别是植被发育区1∶ 5万多光谱遥感地质找矿预测的最佳模式.     

不同地表覆盖条件下区域水分盈亏的遥感分析——以中国北方为例

依据能量平衡和水分平衡原理，建立不同地表覆盖条件下的区域缺水计算方法，实现了利用遥感数据对我国北方缺水状况的宏观监测和快速反应。模型的具体步骤是：首先，利用NOAA/AVHRR数字影像进行地表覆盖分类，结合气象数据建立区域实际蒸散模型，并利用经联合国粮农组织修正的Penman公式计算区域潜在蒸散量。然后，由区域实际蒸散量和潜在蒸散量，构造出反映区域缺水程度的缺水指数。最后，利用该方法对1999年7月我国北方的区域水分盈亏状况进行了研究，讨论了区域缺水指数与土壤墒情、背景环境参数、地表覆盖类型的关系。     

滇西北红牛—红山铜矿床构造特征与成矿关系研究

红牛—红山铜矿区位于义敦岛弧南段之格咱压性弧，矿床类型为与燕山晚期花岗岩有关的斑岩-矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿床，矿床规模为大型。通过系统开展矿区构造地质调查，构建矿区"源-运-储-破"构造体系，结果表明，矿区构造格架为沉积构造、侵入构造、褶皱构造及断裂构造等构造系统叠加复合而成。沉积构造系统为主要成矿前赋矿构造，侵入构造系统为成矿前或成矿期导矿、赋矿构造，褶皱构造系统及断裂构造系统具有多期活动特征。断裂构造同时具有压扭性、张扭性及平移断裂等多性质叠加特征，主要呈NW—NNW向展布。成矿前红牛向斜对矿区成矿的空间分布具有决定性作用，矿体均产于红牛向斜中，同时成矿前红山断裂及次级断裂具导矿、配矿、赋矿作用，控制矿区成矿地质体的产出形态及范围，决定成矿的时间和空间范围。成矿期节理裂隙系统丰富了矿区成矿容矿空间，而成矿后断裂及次级小褶皱对矿区矿体进行破坏和改造，形成现今矿床特征。     

云南龙陵地区苏帕河花岗岩形成时代与地球化学特征:泛非运动的岩浆响应

泛非期中酸性岩浆事件影响的时间和空间是国内外地质学家用来确定冈瓦纳范围的重要依据和重要标志之一,也是泛非运动在青藏高原的重要表现形式,发育于云南龙陵地区的苏帕河花岗岩就是其中的酸性岩之一.产于龙陵-瑞丽断裂(简称龙瑞断裂)南东侧的苏帕河花岗岩,其主体岩性为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩,岩体除了发育一系列北东向狭窄的片理化带之...     

基于RS、GIS技术对贵州土地利用/覆被演化信息图谱研究

自陈述彭先生提出地学信息图谱后,许多学者探讨了地学信息图谱的理论、方法和应用。近年来我国许多学者运用地学信息图谱进行了各方面的地学研究,但是利用遥感影像进行岩溶地区的研究是一个新的探讨。本文主要利用TM遥感影像解译的数据和地理信息系统(GIS)建立岩溶地区(贵州省)的土地利用／覆被演化的信息图谱。     

The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.     

滇东北铅锌成矿带成矿条件分析

滇东北地区铅锌矿产资源丰富,就其原因可归于区内具有特征性地质环境:含矿地层是一套局限性滨-浅海环境沉积作用形成的以碳酸盐为主与砂、泥岩层呈不等厚交替出现的沉积建造,区内有较好的含矿层(碳酸盐层)与遮挡层相结合的地层成矿条件;矿区地质构造复杂,因经历了多期的构造运动,形成近于等间距排列的逆冲推覆体构造及与之相伴生的次级断裂和褶皱构造;同时,多期次的构造运动,也引起岩浆多次沿深大断裂发生侵入或喷发作用;在成矿作用上,复杂、多层次的地质构造为成矿作用提供了不同类型的导矿、容矿构造,岩浆作用一方面为成矿提供物源,另一方面为成矿作用提供热动力,为矿液加热,促使成矿热液得以循环运动,从而在有利部位发生交代作用而成矿。     

酒西坳陷部分原油生物标记物特征异常分析

酒西坳陷大部分原油的生物标记物分布特征较单一,主要表现为三环萜烷、降新藿烷、C30重排藿烷和重排甾烷不发育,伽玛蜡烷相对比较发育,C29甾烷异构化参数较低,一般在0.45~0.5之间,尚未达异构化终点,反映其源岩成熟度并不高。此类原油主要源于青西凹陷下沟组沉积于较强还原环境的藻纹层泥质白云岩。此外,酒西坳陷还发现了部分在生物标记物特征上有别于该区“主体原油”的原油,其表现为三环萜烷、C29Ts、C30重排藿烷和重排甾烷、伽玛蜡烷相对比较发育,而且部分原油(如窿8井、窿4井和窿10井原油)成熟度较高,甾烷C2920S/(20S+20R)值高达0.56~0.58(已达异构化终点),属酒西坳陷成熟度最高的原油,特别是这些原油中绝大部分的C29ββ/(ββ+αα)值也高于“主体原油”,表明其经受了较长距离的运移。根据生物标记物所反映的沉积环境和生源前身物分析以及将其与酒东坳陷主要源于赤金堡组的原油的比较结果,认为在酒西坳陷中,这部分相对于“主体原油”而言的生标特征异常原油可能源于青西凹陷深部的赤金堡组,这一认识对酒泉盆地的深层油气勘探具有实际指导意义。     

云南东川人占石铜矿床地质特征及成因研究

[摘 要]云南东川人占石铜矿位于川滇元古宙铜多金属成矿带之滇中一带,是江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局和云南金山矿业有限公司新近勘查开发的一个资源产地。本文重点报导了矿体特征、矿石岩石学矿物学特征,矿物生成顺序与共生、交代关系等矿床地质特征,并从这些实际材料出发,通过综合类比研究,对矿床成因进行初步讨论。研究表明,人占石铜矿床赋存于青龙山组灰白色厚层状白云岩中,系在中元古界裂谷环境的海盆沉积碳酸盐含矿层经变质成矿作用之后,在晋宁期又叠加了热液改造富集,可以归属于“东川式冶沉积变质叠加热液改造矿床,使东川地区原始含矿层位在继因民组、落雪组、黑山组、陡山沱组“四层楼冶之后,又增加了青龙山组一层,丰富了东川成矿模式内容,为本区进一步找矿工作提供理论和科学依据。     

Landslide Developmental Characteristics and Response to Climate Change since the Last Glacial in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River,NE Tibetan Plateau

The upper reaches of the Yellow River in northeastern Tibetan Plateau are geohazards areas. The evolution of the Yellow River, chronology of some landslides, and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of super large scale and giant landslides within the region are summarized using paleoclimate evidence, and the relationship between the intensive landslide period and climatic changes since the Last Glacial period is analyzed. It is concluded that(1) Super large scale and giant landslides are distributed widely within the region, particularly in the Qunke-Jianzha basin.(2) The chronological sequence of landslides is established by dating the slip zones of landslides and analyzing the relations between landslides and their overlying or underlying loess formations. Five landslide development periods are determined: 53–49 ka BP, 33–24 ka BP, 10–8 ka BP, 5–3.5 ka BP, and the present.(3) These correspond closely to warm and wet periods during the last 100,000 years, i.e., two weak paleosol development stages of Malan loess deposited during the last Glacial period in the Chinese loess Plateau, L1-4 and L1-2 that belong to the marine oxygen isotope stage 3, the last deglacial period, the Holocene Optimum, and the modern global warming period.(4) Landslide triggers may be closely linked to warm and wet periods related to rapid climatic transitions.