一种中国南海枝网刺柳珊瑚次级代谢产物研究

利用硅胶、凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相硅胶ODS柱色谱和HPLC等手段对一种中国南海枝网刺柳珊瑚Echino-gorgia sassapo reticulata(Esper)的次级代谢产物进行了研究。从提取物的乙酸乙酯相中分离获得13个单体化合物,运用现代波谱技术并结合文献数据,鉴定其结构分别为:尿嘧啶核糖核苷(1),2’-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(2),2’-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),鲨肝醇(5),1-O-eicosanylglycerol(6),11,13-dihydro-7,11-dehydro-3-desoxy-zaluzalanin C(7),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(8),邻苯二甲酸1-(2-甲基-丁基)酯-2-丁酯(9),(22E)-5-αcholest-22-ene-3α,5α,6-βtriol(10),(22E,24S)-24-methyl-5-αcholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6,β9-tetraol(11),(24S)-methylene cholestane-3β,5α,6,β18-tetrol(12),胆甾醇(13)。除了化合物3和13外,其他化合物均为首次从该属柳珊瑚中分离得到。另外化合物9为首次作为天然产物单体化合物分离得到,化合物12为首次从柳珊瑚中获得。对化合物1 3进行了卤虫致死活性及斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试。     

一株海绵共附生真菌Pleosporaceae sp.中甾体类化合物及其生物活性

在生物活性测定指导下,综合运用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析以及半制备HPLC等方法,从南海海绵Xestospongiatestudinaria来源的一株共附生真菌Pleosporaceae sp.发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定出5个甾体类化物,通过NMR,MS等波谱技术鉴定其结构分别为:(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,9,22-trien-3β-ol(2),(22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol(3),ergosta-6α-hydroxy-4,22-dien-3-one(4),(22E)-5α-cholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(5)。这些化合物均为首次从Pleosporaceae属真菌中分离获得。化合物1,4和5具有较强的卤虫Ar-temia salina致死活性,化合物1还显示强的抗藤壶Balanus amphitrite附着活性,其EC50为0.85μg/mL。     

海洋红树林植物黄槿内生真菌Aspergillus sydowii EN-198化学成分研究

对采自海南东寨港的海洋红树林植物黄瑾(Hibiscus tiliaceus)叶中分离到的一株内生真菌Aspergillus sydowii EN-198的次生代谢产物进行了研究.利用正相与反相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析以及制备薄层层析(PTLC)等分离手段从其发酵液中分离得到14个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:环-(S-脯氨酸-S-苯丙氨酸)(1),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-亮氨酸)(2),环-(S-苯丙氨酸-S-色氨酸)(3),(1S)-1-(4 '-间羟基苯甲酸)-1,1,5,5-二甲基己二醇(4),曲酸(5),N-[2-(4-吲哚)乙基]乙酰胺(6),N-[2-(4-对羟基苯酚)乙基]乙酰胺(7),胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(8),尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(9),尿嘧啶核苷(10),过氧化麦角甾醇(11),麦角甾醇(12),(2S,2'R,3R,3 'E,4E,8E)-N-(2’-羟基-3’-十六烯酰基)-9-甲基-4,8-二十碳二烯-1,3-二醇(13)以及1-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-N-(2’-羟基-3’-十六烯酰基)-9-甲基-4,8-二十碳二烯-1,3-二醇(14);其中化合物1和2为首次从Aspergillus sydowii中分离得到.对所有化合物测试其抑菌活性,发现化合物5与7对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好抑制活性.     

海洋红藻多管藻内生真菌EN-22 的化学成分研究

对采自广西涠州岛近海多管藻(Poiysiphonia urceolata)分离到的一株内生真菌EN-22的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究.利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析(PTLC)以及重结晶等分离手段从该菌发酵液中分离得到15个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:4-(4-喹啉)-4-羟基-2-丁酮(1),3-羟基-3-(2-氧丙基)吲哚-2-酮(2),3-吲哚乙醇(3),3-吲哚甲酸(4),2-羟基-3-吲哚丙酸(5),2-酮-3-吲哚乙醇(6),3,3-二吲哚-2-羟基-丙醇(7),β-咔啉(8),尿嘧啶(9),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-异亮氨酸)(10),(22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-三羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(11),(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(12),5α,6α-环氧-24(R)-甲基胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(13),胡萝卜苷(14),过氧化麦角甾醇(15);其中化合物1和2为新天然产物,并首次报道化合物1的碳谱数据.     

海鞘内生真菌焦曲霉Aspergillus ustus TK-5的化学成分研究

焦曲霉(Aspergillusustus)TK-5是分离自土耳其海域海鞘(Pyuramomus)新鲜组织中的一株内生真菌,利用正相与反相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析以及高效液相制备等色谱方法从其发酵产物中分离得到17个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振、质谱等技术鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为血苋烷型倍半萜类化合物strobilactone A(1), ustusolate E(2), ustusolate C(3), ustusolate D(4),11-hydroustusolate E(5), 11, 6’-hydroustusolate E(6),(2’E, 4’E, 6’E)-6-(1’-carboxyocta-2’, 4’, 6’-triene)-11,12-epoxy-9, 11-dihydroxydrim-7-ene(7), 12-hydroxy-6-epi-albrassitriol (8), ustusolate A (9), deoxyuvidin B(10)和二倍半萜类化合物6-epi-ophiobolinG(11),(6α)-21,21-O-dihydroophiobolinG(12),6-epi-ophiobolin K(13), ophiobolin P(14) ophiobolin H(15), ophiobolin Q(16)及ophiobolin R(17)。活性筛选表明化合物2、6、7、9、11和13对神经氨酸酶具有一定的抑制活性,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为31.8、37.3、28.4、36.8、46.6和37.6μmol/L。     

红树林植物木榄根际土壤真菌Penicillium sp. MA-37 的化学成分研究

对采自海南文昌红树林根际土壤样品中分离到的真菌Penicillium sp. MA-37的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究.利用硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析以及重结晶等分离方法并通过现代波谱技术共分离、鉴定了8个天然产物,分别为:氮-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基苯)-丙酰胺酸(1),氮-(2,4-二甲氧基苯)-丙酰胺酸(2),氮-(2,4-二甲氧基苯)-丙酰胺酸甲酯(3),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(4),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(5),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-环二氧麦角甾-6,22-双烯-3β-醇(6), asperamide B (7), cis-4-hydroxy-6-deoxyscytalone (8);其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和3为新天然产物.     

海洋褐藻叉开网翼藻中的单萜成分研究

为了研究中国沿海海藻中的活性化学成分, 利用正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱、反相HPLC 及重结晶等手段, 从采自青岛的褐藻叉开网翼藻(Dictyopteris divaricata Okam.)中首次分离得到了6 个单萜类化合物, 经红外波谱(IR), 质谱(MS)及核磁共振波谱(¹H NMR、¹³C NMR)等现代波谱技术鉴定为loliolide (1), isololiolide (2), 3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (3), dehydrovomifoliol(4), (3R)-4-[(2R,4S)-2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene]-3-buten-2-oneiol (5), (3R)-4-[(2R,4S)-4-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene]-3-buten-2-one (6)。并通过MTT 法对所得化合物进行细胞毒活性筛选, 通过比色法进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性筛选。     

群体感应抑制活性导向分离腐皮镰刀菌中代谢产物

本实验采用群体感应抑制(quorum sensing inhibitory, QSI)活性导向法,对分离自山东威海近海底泥的真菌 WH7-2开展代谢产物研究。综合菌落形态和转录间隔区(Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS)全序列分析,菌株 WH7-2 鉴定为腐皮镰刀菌 Fusarium solani。综合运用多种色谱方法,从该真菌大米发酵产物的活性部位中分离得到 11 个化合物。分别鉴定为(2E, 5E)-3, 5, 7-三甲基-2, 5-辛二烯酸(1)、不饱和脂肪酸酯混合物(2 4)、镰红菌素-3-甲醚(5)、脱水镰红菌素(6)、(22E)-5α, 8α-过氧化麦角甾-6, 22-二烯-3β-醇(7)、(22E)-5α, 8α-过氧化麦角甾-6, 9 (11), 22-三烯-3β-醇(8)、3β-羟基-胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(9)、6β-羟基-胆甾-4-烯-3-酮(10)和(22E)-胆甾-5, 22-二烯-3β-醇(11)。其中不饱和脂肪酸酯混合物(2 4)具有 QSI 活性,其他化合物无 QSI 活性。除 5 和 6 外,其他化合物均为首次从腐皮镰刀菌 F. solani 中发现。     

滨海湿地耐盐植物二色补血草化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析,Sephedex-LH-20凝胶层析,HPLC等方法,从滨海湿地耐盐植物二色补血草中分离得到了10个单体化合物。运用NMR,MS以及与文献对照,鉴定它们的结构分别为豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(1),豆甾-4烯-3,6-二酮(2),6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(3),5α,8α-环二氧-24-甲基-胆-甾6,22E-二烯-3β-醇(4),5,α8α-环二氧-24-甲基-胆甾-6,9,22E-三烯-3β-醇(5),麦角-甾4,6,8(14),22E?四烯-3-酮(6),植醇(7),正十六烷酸(8),亚油酸(9),亚油酸单甘油酯(10)。化合物1~7和10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

中国南海短指软珊瑚中化学成分的研究

运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和HPLC等技术,采用活性追踪分离的方法,对南海短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.的化学成分进行了研究.从乙醇提取物中分离获得单体化合物,运用NMR,MS等波谱技术鉴定了8个化合物的结构,分别为:3β-羟基-24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(1),孕甾烯醇酮(2),cembrene A(3),epoxycembrane A(4),4,8,12-trimethyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-3,7-cyclotetradecadien-10-one(5),(3E,7E,11E)-11,12-dihydroxy-1-isopropyl-4,8,12-trimethyicyclotetradeca-1,3,7-triene(6),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7)和十九烷-2-酮(8).化合物5和8为首次从珊瑚动物中分离得到,6为首次从短指软珊瑚属中分离得到.化合物3和4显示较强的卤虫致死活性.西松烷二萜类化合物是该短指软珊瑚中的重要活性成分.     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.