附加黏滞阻尼器结构简化分析方法

介绍了FEMA273给出的传统结构线性静力分析方法,并用该法分析附加粘滞流体阻尼器结构,给出了附加粘滞流体阻尼器结构抗震性能评估的具体分析方法.为了验证所提方法的精确性,对设计好的附加黏滞阻尼器结构进行了非线性动力分析,动力分析使用的人工波加速度反应谱形状与设计消能结构时使用的设计反应谱相匹配.实例分析结果表明,该方法能快速、有效地评估附加流体阻尼器结构在大震作用下的抗震性能,特别是在消能结构初步设计和分析阶段.     

非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构减振效果分析

应用并完善了非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的反应谱方法,通过与时程分析计算结果对比证明了方法的可行性。利用本方法研究了支撑刚度及阻尼器参数对非线性粘滞阻尼器减振效果的影响。通过数值分析,给出了位移降低率达到最佳时支撑刚度取值的建议式。提出了为保证剪力降低率不大于1时非线性粘滞阻尼器参数的控制方法。     

粘滞阻尼减震结构抗震可靠度简化分析

通过设置粘滞阻尼器减小结构的地震反应是一种有效的被动控制方式,为与现行抗震设计水平相适应,减震结构和控制装置的设计也应该以可靠度为基础。本文结合粘滞阻尼减震结构的受力特性建立了此类耗能减震结构动力可靠度分析的实用简化计算方法。首先通过等价线性化方法,给出了层间三线型恢复力模型的等效平均刚度,粘滞阻尼器采用等效线性化的力学模型,建立了安装粘滞阻尼减震结构的等效线性随机分析模型。然后采用随机状态空间方法进行了粘滞阻尼减震结构的地震反应分析,基于层间变形失效准则和首次超越理论分析了粘滞阻尼减震结构的可靠度,并以粘滞流体阻尼器的变形超过其自身极限变形作为阻尼器的失效模式,讨论了粘滞阻尼器可靠度的计算。最后通过一个设置粘滞流体阻尼器的框架结构计算实例,说明了这种方法的运用。该方法可以作为一种实用的方法对振动控制结构在不同破坏状态下的抗震可靠度进行分析,为基于性能的抗震设计和优化提供参考。     

附加黏滞阻尼器结构基于性能的抗震设计

基于改进的能力谱法,提出了一种附加黏滞阻尼器结构的抗震设计方法.首先利用改进的能力谱法评估待加固结构抗震性能,若不满足要求则用简单方法计算待加固结构满足给定性能目标所需的附加阻尼比.然后按文中提出的阻尼器阻尼系数3种分配方式,将所需的阻尼比分配于各个楼层.将所提方法应用于10层钢结构的设计,最后对初步设计的消能结构进行非线性动力时程分析,验证了所提方法的精确性.3种阻尼器分配模式下消能结构非线性时程分析结果表明,阻尼力正比于楼层剪力分配模式能取得最保守的设计结果,用改进的能力谱法设计的附加黏滞阻尼器结构能较好地满足给定的屋顶位移性能目标,基本满足层间位移角性能目标.     

粘滞阻尼器在高墩连续梁桥抗震设计中的应用

以大理州鸡足山旅游公路宝丰寺大桥为工程背景,基于桥梁地震动方程建立了空间非线性有限元模型,研究粘滞阻尼器参数及其设置位置对山区高墩连续梁桥减震效果的影响,并同其他减震措施进行了比较,以分析进行高墩连续梁桥减震设计的合理方法.计算结果表明,粘滞阻尼器在高墩连续梁桥的抗震设计中具有优越的性能,对结构的位移控制以及内力的耗散作用非常明显,而铅芯橡胶支座由于附加刚度的影响造成边矮墩内力过于集中,在减震性能上不及粘滞阻尼器;粘滞阻尼器的安装位置对结构减震性能具有较大的影响,设计时须充分考虑,以确保结构的减震性能和工程的经济性.     

城市桥梁粘滞阻尼器防地震碰撞分析与参数设计

研究了粘滞阻尼器防止城市梁桥地震碰撞反应的效果并提出了其参数设计方法。分析了线性粘滞阻尼器与非线性粘滞阻尼器阻尼系数的等效关系。运用随机振动理论与随机等效线性化理论建立了邻联间安装粘滞阻尼器后最大相对位移及墩顶最大位移的计算方法。以控制邻联最大相对位移小于实际间隙为目标,提出了防碰撞粘滞阻尼器参数设计方法。对1座4跨隔震连续梁桥进行了仿真分析,结果表明:粘滞阻尼器能有效抑制邻联的碰撞反应且不会显著增大桥墩的延性需求。在相同阻尼系数的情况下,粘滞阻尼器的速度指数越小,其防碰撞效果越好。利用人工波进行的时程分析结果验证了参数设计方法的可行性。     

基于ANSYS软件benchmark模型耗能减振控制分析

本文系统介绍了当前国际结构振动控制的公共平台———Benchm ark模型,首次给出使用通用有限元软件ANSYS对第3阶段20层非线性钢框架抗震结构的有限元建模,结果表明,模态、无控地震反应分析结果和ASCE给出的MATLAB结果相同。利用粘滞阻尼器对此模型的耗能减振数值仿真分析的结果表明:粘滞阻尼器是一种性能很好的阻尼器,使用本文给出ANSYS的Benchm ark有限元模型来进行耗能减振控制分析是方便的、可行的。     

基于位移的减震结构设计方法研究

针对减震结构的设计, 其振型分解反应谱方法不能反映阻尼器的非线性和结构在大震下的性能;时程分析法需要多次试算、十分繁琐的情况,采用以结构构件设计为主、线性粘滞阻尼器为强度补充的设计思想,将结构等效为单自由度体系,利用基于位移的设计方法对线性粘滞阻尼减震结构进行设计,并利用该方法设计1栋13层框架剪力墙结构,最后通过动力时程分析验证了该方法的可行性.     

非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构设计方法探讨

在建立非线形粘滞阻尼器消能结构性能曲线的基础上，建议了依据减震性能目标确定阻尼器参数的概略设计方法。提出了多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构的等效阻尼比计算公式。在此基础上建议了适用于多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的模态叠加法，方法与时程分析结果对比吻合良好。为使各层阻尼器参数更好地满足减震性能要求，提出了将概略设计得到的层阻尼器参数依据减振性能目标进行调整的方法。     

基于塑性分析近似构建附加黏弹性阻尼器框架结构推覆曲线

基于性能的抗震设计要求使用非线性静力分析方法来评估新设计或已有消能结构的抗震性能。使用该方法对消能结构抗震性能评估的一个必要条件是要得到结构的推覆曲线。本文基于塑性理论,给出了快速、有效建立附加黏弹性阻尼器框架理想双线型推覆曲线的简化分析方法。使用该方法构建附加阻尼体系的推覆曲线无需借助结构分析软件。将3种侧向荷载模式(第1振型模式、FEMA-273模式和均布模式)作用下的简化分析结果与结构分析软件的推覆分析结果进行了比较,表明基于塑性理论的简化分析方法能够较准确地预测附加黏弹性阻尼器框架的推覆曲线,只要结构失效时能形成梁铰型侧移机构。     

Earthquake response of elastic SDF systems with non‐linear fluid viscous dampers

The steady‐forced and earthquake responses of SDF systems with a non‐linear fluid viscous damper (FVD) are investigated. The energy dissipation capacity of the FVD is characterized by the supplemental damping ratio ζsd and its non‐linearity by a parameter designated α. It is found that the structural response is most effectively investigated in terms of ζ_sd and α because (1) these two parameters are dimensionless and independent, and (2) the structural response varies linearly with the excitation intensity. Damper non‐linearity has essentially no influence on the peak response of systems in the velocity‐sensitive spectral region, but differences up to 14% were observed in the other spectral regions. The structural deformation is reduced by up to 25% when ζ_sd= 5%; and by up to 60% when ζ_sd= 30%. Non‐linear FVDs are advantageous because they achieve essentially the same reduction in system responses but with a significantly reduced damper force. For practical applications, a procedure is presented to estimate the design values of structural deformation and forces for a system with non‐linear FVD directly from the design spectrum. It is demonstrated that the earthquake‐induced force in a non‐linear FVD can be estimated from the damper force in a corresponding system with linear FVD, its peak deformation, and peak relative velocity; however, the relative velocity should not be approximated by the pseudo‐velocity as this approximation introduces a large error in the damper force. Finally, a procedure is presented to determine the non‐linear damper properties necessary to limit the structural deformation to some design value or the structural capacity for a given design spectrum. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Simplified analysis and supplemental damping system design

Investigated is the accuracy in estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear viscoelastic (VE) dampers by analysing the corresponding linear viscous system wherein all non‐linear VE dampers are replaced by their energy‐equivalent linear viscous dampers. The response of the corresponding linear viscous system is determined by response history analysis (RHA) and by response spectrum analysis (RSA) extended for non‐classically damped systems. The flexible and stiff edge deformations and plan rotation of the corresponding linear viscous system determined by the extended RSA procedure is shown to be sufficiently accurate for design applications with errors generally between 10 and 20%. Although similar accuracy is also shown for the ‘pseudo‐velocity’ of non‐linear VE dampers, the peak force of the non‐linear VE damper cannot be estimated directly from the peak damper force of the corresponding linear viscous system. A simple correction for damper force is proposed and shown to be accurate (with errors not exceeding 15%). For practical applications, an iterative linear analysis procedure is developed for determining the amplitude‐ and frequency‐dependent supplemental damping properties of the corresponding linear viscous system and for estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear VE dampers from the earthquake design (or response) spectrum. Finally, a procedure is developed for designing non‐linear supplemental damping systems that satisfy given design criteria for a given design spectrum. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Damping reduction factors and code‐based design equation for structures using semi‐active viscous dampers

This study uses a semi‐active viscous damper with three different control laws to reshape the structural hysteresis loop and mitigate structural response, referred to as 1–4, 1–3 and 2–4 devices, respectively. The 1–4 control law provides damping in all four quadrants of the force‐displacement graph (it behaves like a standard viscous damper), the 1–3 control law provides resisting forces only in the first and third quadrants, and the 2–4 control law provides damping in the second and fourth quadrants. This paper first outlines the linear single degree of freedom structural performance when the three types of semi‐active viscous dampers are applied. The results show that simultaneous reduction in both displacement and base‐shear demand is only available with the semi‐active 2–4 device. To enable guidelines for adding a 2–4 device into the design procedure, damping reduction factors (RF_ξs) are developed, as they play an important role and provide a means of linking devices to design procedures. Three methods are presented to obtain RF_ξ and equivalent viscous damping of a structure with a 2–4 semi‐active viscous damper. In the first method, the relationship between RF_ξ and the damping of a semi‐active structure can be obtained by calculating the area under the force‐deformation diagram. The second and third method modified the Eurocode8 formula of RF_ξ and smoothed results from analysis, respectively. Finally, a simple method is proposed to incorporate the design or retrofit of structures with simple, robust and reliable 2–4 semi‐active viscous dampers using standard design approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Earthquake response

Investigated are earthquake responses of one‐way symmetric‐plan, one‐storey systems with non‐linear fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) attached in series to a linear brace (i.e. Chevron or inverted V‐shape braces).Thus, the non‐linear damper is viscous when the brace is considered rigid or viscoelastic (VE) when the brace is flexible. The energy dissipation capacity of a non‐linear FVD is characterized by an amplitude‐dependent damping ratio for an energy‐equivalent linear FVD, which is determined assuming the damper undergoes harmonic motion. Although this formulation is shown to be advantageous for single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDF) systems, it is difficult to extend its application to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDF) systems for two reasons: (1) the assumption that dampers undergo harmonic motion in parameterizing the non‐linear damper is not valid for its earthquake‐induced motion of an MDF system; and (2) ensuring simultaneous convergence of all unknown amplitudes of dampers is difficult in an iterative solution of the non‐linear system. To date, these limitations have precluded the parametric study of the dynamics of MDF systems with non‐linear viscous or VE dampers. However, they are overcome in this investigation using concepts of modal analysis because the system is weakly non‐linear due to supplemental damping. It is found that structural response is only weakly affected by damper non‐linearity and is increased by a small amount due to bracing flexibility. Thus, the effectiveness of supplemental damping in reducing structural responses and its dependence on the planwise distribution of non‐linear VE dampers were found to be similar to that of linear FVDs documented elsewhere. As expected, non‐linear viscous and VE dampers achieve essentially the same reduction in response but with much smaller damper force compared to linear dampers. Finally, the findings in this investigation indicate that the earthquake response of the asymmetric systems with non‐linear viscous or VE dampers can be estimated with sufficient accuracy for design applications by analysing the same asymmetric systems with all non‐linear dampers replaced by energy‐equivalent linear viscous dampers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic design and evaluation of steel moment‐resisting frames with compressed elastomer dampers

This paper evaluates the hysteretic behavior of an innovative compressed elastomer structural damper and its applicability to seismic‐resistant design of steel moment‐resisting frames (MRFs). The damper is constructed by precompressing a high‐damping elastomeric material into steel tubes. This innovative construction results in viscous‐like damping under small strains and friction‐like damping under large strains. A rate‐dependent hysteretic model for the compressed elastomer damper, formed from a parallel combination of a modified Bouc–Wen model and a non‐linear dashpot is presented. The model is calibrated using test data obtained under sinusoidal loading at different amplitudes and frequencies. This model is incorporated in the OpenSees [17] computer program for use in seismic response analyses of steel MRF buildings with compressed elastomer dampers. A simplified design procedure was used to design seven different systems of steel MRFs combined with compressed elastomer dampers in which the properties of the MRFs and dampers were varied. The combined systems are designed to achieve performance, which is similar to or better than the performance of conventional steel MRFs designed according to current seismic codes. Based on the results of nonlinear seismic response analyses, under both the design basis earthquake and the maximum considered earthquake, target properties for a new generation of compressed elastomer dampers are defined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct displacement-based design for seismic retrofit of existing buildings using nonlinear viscous dampers

This paper presents a direct displacement-based design procedure for seismic retrofit of existing buildings using nonlinear viscous dampers according to equivalent linear systems. Unlike conventional methods, the equivalent linear viscous damping provided by the nonlinear viscous dampers is derived based on the assumption that the average energy dissipated between the linear and the nonlinear viscous dampers is equal. Also, the equivalent period and viscous damping for the equivalent linear systems which are used for representing the behavior of bare frames (the buildings without dampers) are derived from the concept of average storage energy and average dissipated energy, respectively. It is shown from nonlinear time-history analyses that the nonlinear action of the retrofitted structures can be reasonably captured by the presented direct displacement-based procedure.     

Experimental investigation of adjacent buildings connected by fluid damper

Dynamic characteristic and harmonic response of adjacent buildings connected by fluid damper were experimentally investigated using model buildings and fluid damper. Two building models were constructed as two three-storey shear buildings of different natural frequencies. Model fluid damper connecting the two buildings was designed as linear viscous damper of which damping coefficient could be adjusted. The two buildings without fluid dampers connected were first tested to obtain their individual dynamic characteristics and responses to harmonic excitation. The tests were then carried out to determine modal damping ratios of the adjacent buildings connected by the fluid damper of different damping coefficients and at different locations. Optimal damper damping coefficient and location for achieving the maximum modal damping ratio were thus found. The measured modal damping ratios and harmonic responses of the building-fluid damper system were finally compared with those from the individual buildings. The comparison showed that the fluid damper of proper parameter could significantly increase the modal damping ratio and tremendously reduce the dynamic response of both buildings. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点动力循环荷载累积损伤分析

为研究附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点地震损伤演化规律,进行6个该类型构件的动力荷载试验,并分别采用位移型、能量型及位移-能量混合型损伤模型对其进行全过程评价,采用Park-Ang模型分析试件黏滞阻尼器型号、试件类型等因素对混凝土传统风格建筑梁柱节点损伤行为的影响。研究结果表明：附设黏滞阻尼器可显著提升传统风格建筑节点的承载能力、延性性能及耗能能力,结构的抗震性能得到较大幅度的提升;Park-Ang损伤模型与Banon损伤模型适用于传统风格建筑节点损伤演化规律的描述,建议对该类型节点的损伤规律表征选用该损伤模型。黏滞阻尼器型号可在一定程度上影响传统风格建筑的损伤演化发展;设计阻尼力大的试件虽然延性有所提高,但受荷过程中累积损伤也较大。     

用主动调频质量阻尼器控制高层建筑的风致振动

本文提出了用于高层建筑风振动控制的主动调频质量阻尼器（ＡＴＭＤ）设计的一种简单方法。从ＴＭＤ的工作原理出发,在物理意义上显式定义主动控制力的构成,基于结构的ＳＤＯＦ模型和广义脉动风力的高斯白噪声假定,在频域的以最小化结构顶层位移方差为设计目标,对控制力增益进行参数优化,得出控制力增益的封闭解,文中提出了以维持ＴＭＤ行程恒定为目标进行参数选择的设计方案,一超高层建筑作为算例给出,数值分析表明,所设计