长三角区域旅游发展的思考

一、长三角区域旅游的现状与优势 统计苏浙沪三地旅游市场，可见长三角区域旅游的以下特征： （1）规模大。据2004年统计，苏浙沪三地接待入境游客968万，占全国22％，国际旅游收入61．0亿美元，占全国总量的23，7％。按全国排名，沪浙苏分别是第3、4、5位和第2、4、5位。2004年三地接待国内旅游3．38亿，占全国总量的30．7％，国内旅游收入3408．6亿人民币，占全国总量的72．4％，此外，苏浙沪三地每年还有超过1亿人次的居民出游量。因此，长三角地区是我国最主要的旅游接待地．也是我国最大的旅游客源输出地，在我国旅游业中占据举足轻重的地位。     

西南地区旅游业发展的区域响应差异分析

区域旅游经济差异的时空格局与区域响应差异是旅游业发展研究的核心内容之一。以1996~2010年西南五省区的国内旅游收入和旅游人次为数据基础,综合运用标准差、变异系数、首位度等指标,分析了西南地区国内旅游经济发展差异特征及其旅游发展的区域响应差异,揭示各省市区国内旅游业发展的不同的区域响应,研究发现:①西南地区国内旅游经济总体发展比较快,各地区国内旅游经济发展不平衡,省市区际国内旅游经济发展的绝对差距呈现逐年上升的趋势,且上升速度较快,由1996年的39.47亿元上升至2010年的638.94亿元,区际的旅游经济发展的变异系数波动不大,并在波动中缓慢下降。②西南五省市区同一阶段不同省市区具有不同的响应类型;同一省市区在不同发展阶段具有不同响应类型;旅游收入响应类型和旅游客流量响应类型也不相同。在此基础上,从旅游资源禀赋、区域经济社会发展水平、交通区位条件3个方面对差异的内在影响因子进行了阐释,提出未来西南地区国内旅游经济突破的关键是从旅游资源依赖型模式向产业依赖型模式转变。     

腾冲旅游开发对农村发展的影响初探

用腾冲县1997～2003年的社会经济发展统计资料和旅游景点所在乡、村的农民收入与就业的调查资料,分析了腾冲旅游总收入、游客人次对县域经济、农业产值、农民收入与就业的影响。腾冲旅游开发对腾冲县3次产业结构调整发挥了关键作用,加速了第三产业的发展,分析年份中旅游总收入平均增幅达35.05%,占国内生产总值比重平均达14.6%,占第三产业比重平均达34.42%。但是,农业生产总产值、农民人均年纯收入与旅游总收入、国内游客人次呈负相关。旅游业给景区农民增加了新的收入渠道,但旅游景区内农村人均年收入并不比全县其它地区高。旅游业用地征自于农民耕地,但景区农民收入并未得到与旅游业同步的增幅。旅游开发对“三农”发展的带动力没有得到充分的发挥,应进一步完善旅游可持续发展与“三农”发展的协调。     

基于投入产出模型的旅游消费对经济增长的动态影响研究

基于投入产出模型,利用中国《2002年部门投入产出表》,定量测度了1997—2007年间我国城乡居民国内旅游消费对国民经济及各部门产出增长的贡献率及其变化,并提出相应的建议。研究结论:(1)城镇居民国内旅游消费对经济增长的贡献在上升,农村居民的贡献在下降,总体国内旅游消费对经济增长的贡献在下降。(2)城乡居民国内旅游消费对各产业产出增长贡献从大到小依次为:旅游业、住宿和餐饮业、交通仓储和邮政业、金融保险业、其他服务业、房地产业和批发零售业。(3)我国旅游业发展八分靠国内旅游,二分靠国际旅游;国内旅游消费结构中,非基本消费比重较小,亟待提高。     

长三角地区旅游业能源消耗的CO2排放测度研究

旅游业与气候环境变化息息相关,低碳旅游是旅游业对气候变化的积极响应,也是低碳经济的延伸,将会给全球旅游业带来深远影响。但目前国内大部分有关低碳旅游的研究仍停留在定性阶段,尤其是旅游业碳排放的测度研究仍比较薄弱。本文在深入分析和总结国内外已有研究的基础上,以能源消耗平衡表为依据,借鉴"旅游消费剥离系数"概念,构建出符合我国目前统计口径的旅游业碳排放测度方法。并以长江三角洲地区为研究范围,对江苏、浙江和上海三地旅游业碳排放进行测度和对比分析。研究表明:目前在长三角地区,旅游业碳排放总量持续攀升,并与旅游业总收入成正相关。其中旅游交通仓储和邮电业碳排放在旅游业碳排放总量中占主导地位,而旅游餐饮、住宿和购物过程中的碳排放也不容忽视。旅游收入增长与旅游低碳化发展的矛盾仍然十分突出,迫切需要转变旅游业发展方式。     

山东省境外旅游客源市场结构变化分析

山东省自然资源、人文资源十分丰富,是中国的旅游资源大省,2002年境外游客人数为97．68万人次,实现外汇收入4．7亿美元。为把旅游业培育成支柱产业,因而认真分析研究山东省境外客源市场,对建立合理的客源市场结构、开拓山东省境外客源市场、大力发展山东旅游业具有现实意义。本文对山东省境外旅游客源市场的空间变化结构、时间变化结构、旅游目的结构进行定量分析,为今后发展山东省境外旅游提供理论依据。     

新疆旅游地域系统及其精品体系建设

新疆距国际国内客源市场较远，形成一个相对独立的旅游地域系统，只有系统地开发新疆旅游业，才是旅游开发的有效途径。试图从旅游业系统工程角度探讨新疆旅游业最佳的发展模式、空间结构和发展途径。提出应进行客源市场宣传、旅游通道建设、内部精品体系建设全方位的旅游开发建设，并通过实施政府、管理部门、旅游企业、旅游科研教育的连动机制进行旅游业的系统开发和建设。     

洛阳旅游资源的开发利用

一、洛阳旅游业的发展现状1980年以来,洛阳入境游客平均以年递增率24％的速度增长,创汇率平均年递增率为29.9％。至1987年,入境游客达5万余人次,国内游客每年达500余万人次。其中旅游高峰的四月牡丹花会期间,十天内中外游客达300余万人次,接近城市人口的3倍。1987年创汇1000余万元,国内游客收入达6160万元。1987年牡丹花会期间,城市经济贸易额达2.5亿多元,其中外汇286万美元,签订经济合同170项,引进外资5000多万美元,国内资金9000多万元。但就目前情况看,洛阳旅游的潜在力还没有     

基于因子分析的广西旅游区划

引入因子分析法,围绕旅游业发展现状和总体经济发展水平两大因素,选取了2010年广西统计年鉴中反映旅游业发展水平的11个主要旅游经济指标,运用SPSS软件对这些指标进行因子分析,得出广西14个地级城市旅游业发展水平综合排名,并结合各地级城市GDP的排名情况,验证广西旅游业发展“十二五”规划中关于旅游区划的定位决策。广西旅游区划的因子分析显示：以桂林市为“旅游龙头”的提法不全面;以南宁、桂林、梧州、北海为四大“旅游集散地”的提法中,梧州不符合实际;“三大国际旅游目的地”的提法中,“红水河流域”不符合实际;“两条旅游发展带、七大旅游发展区”的划分与实际情况基本吻合。基于“旅游业-GDP”维度的广西旅游区划分析显示,14个地级城市可以分为4类：旅游业和GDP均发展较好的城市,包括南宁市、桂林市、柳州市和百色市;旅游业发展较好而经济较落后的城市,包括河池市和北海市;旅游业和GDP发展均较为落后的城市,包括贺州市、防城港市、崇左市、来宾市和钦州市;旅游业发展较落后而经济发展较好的城市,包括贵港市、梧州市和玉林市。桂林市和南宁市作为广西旅游业最发达的两个城市,应根据市场定位的不同形成“南北旅游双引擎”,旨在引领和带动全区旅游业的整体发展,而GDP与旅游业存在正向关系的广西旅游区划应该是有重点、分层次地合理布局才能遵循市场发展的客观规律。     

江苏省区域旅游业碳排放测度及其因素分解

区域旅游业碳排放测度是分解旅游业减碳任务的需要。依托1997年、2002年和2007年的投入产出表和旅游终端收入,以江苏省为案例地,测度了旅游业各部门包括直接和间接碳排放的旅游业碳排放总量,并利用LMDI分解了影响因素的作用机理。结果显示,旅游业碳排放总量增长较快,较均衡分布于各部门,绝大多数来自间接层面;国内游客的碳排放总量显著高于入境游客,但前者的每人次碳排放远低于后者,也远低于发达国家,还低于发展中国家;省内各地区的碳排放总量和每人次碳排放均存在着显著差异;游客规模不断扩大和旅游消费水平持续提高是碳排放增长的主要驱动力,能源强度下降和能源结构调整则对碳排放具有一定的抑制作用,收入结构变动作用具有一定的阶段波动性特征。结果表明,旅游业减碳不仅需各部门共同分担,更依赖向其提供中间产品的关联产业的大力联动;国内游客是主要碳源,需要大量排放空间;游客每人次碳排放高的地区应承担较大的减排责任;降低能源利用强度和引导旅游消费低碳发展,是旅游业碳减排的主要方向。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

Metals and models: Diagenic modelling in freshwater lacustrine sediments

This review aims to distill and synthesize the existing information on the use of models to describe and predict the distribution and movement of metals in lacustrine sediments. As such it examines the causes of metal diagenesis, the origin and form of the equations that govern these phenomena, and the predictability or measurability of the parameters that appear in the models. The paper concludes by highlighting some seminal results from modelling studies, including the determination of the factors controlling the formation of surficial Mn-Fe-enriched zone or layers, the substantial contribution possible from metal reduction to organic matter regeneration, the calculation of mixing-corrected metal input histories to lakes, and the prediction of growth rates and morphologies for both deep-sea and lacustrine ferromanganese nodules.     

Guidelines to Authors

正1.Aims and scope Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.