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广义涡度与位势涡度守恒定律及其应用 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
在文中推得了广义涡度守恒定律,并利用此定律在一般情况下求得了广义位势涡度定律。它放宽了最初Ertel的位势涡度定律的限制条件。并对涡度拟能、螺旋性守恒定律的物理意义作了讨论,这些定律能够描述大气运动的重要动力学性质。 相似文献
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全型涡度方程和经典涡度方程比较 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15
在简要回顾经典涡度方程和全型涡度方程推导的基础上,比较了两种涡度方程的异同.集中讨论全型涡度方程新的物理内涵,证明了与稳定度和斜压性变化(锋生、锋消过程)相联系的内部强迫以及与摩擦耗散和非绝热加热相联系的外部强迫所诱发的涡度发展的机制.最后,指出了全型涡度方程的天气和气候应用前景. 相似文献
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多台风的相互作用和水平涡度与垂直涡度的关系 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
利用WRF模式较成功地模拟出2009年发生在西太平洋上的三个台风("天鹅"、"莫拉克"和"艾涛"),并在此基础上,对三个台风中的水平涡度、垂直涡度及它们的相互作用进行分析和诊断。结果发现,在这三个台风演变过程中,水平涡度与垂直涡度的合矢量有较固定的模式,在900 h Pa以下低层有水平涡度的辐合,900~800 h Pa左右有水平涡管的流出,800~700 h Pa有水平涡管的流入,当有多个风速中心存在时,在风速中心之下有水平涡管向台风中心辐合、之上有自中心向外的辐散。特别是在低层通过涡管形成的垂直环流相互作用,这种环流主要由自西向东、或自东向西的水平涡度矢量构成,其上升支有云和降水产生,多从左台风的东北部流向右台风的西南部。由完全涡度方程分析可见,在850 h Pa以下的最大风速中心附近有水平涡度向垂直涡度转化,其转化最剧烈的时期与台风的风速增长期一致,涡度平流的作用与之相反,起到减弱台风的作用。800~600 h Pa有垂直涡度向水平涡度转化,低层最大风速之上风速减小。 相似文献
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全型垂直涡度倾向方程和倾斜涡度发展 总被引:75,自引:21,他引:75
文中证明了不仅包括动力因子,而且包括热力因子、摩擦耗散及非绝热加热作用的和可用于三维空间的全型垂直涡度倾向方程。证明经典的、平面上的涡度方程只是它的特例。并且用该全型涡度方程严格证明了倾斜涡度发展(SVD)理论。沿着倾斜等熵面下滑的气块,当热力参数CD减小时,其垂直涡度将发展。最后通过用θ坐标模式模拟一次西南低涡的形成,证明SVD引起的涡度发展要比传统所考虑的辐合项的贡献大一个量级。 相似文献
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大气中的位涡守恒和Rossby波的能量、波作用与拟能守恒 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
推导得到普遍形式的位涡度守恒方程,其条件是外源G和摩擦F组成的矢量散度为零,放松了位涡守恒的绝热无摩擦限制,对准地转位涡方程,利用WKB近似,得到了层结可变情况下的ROssby波的能量、波作用和拟能守恒的条件,对于空间缓变的基本气流,它们分别是基本气流与空间坐标无关,基本气流与x无关和基本气流是空间坐标的函数。最后还给出了地形存在情况下的Rocsby波的能量、波作用和拟能守恒的条件。 相似文献
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湿位涡和倾斜涡度发展 总被引:266,自引:22,他引:266
从完整的原始方程出发,在导出精确形式的湿位涡方程的基础上,证得绝热无摩擦的饱和湿空气具有湿位涡守恒的特性。并由此去研究湿斜压过程中涡旋垂直涡度的发展。结果表明,在湿等熵坐标中,涡旋的发展与对流稳定度的减少,等熵面上的辐合和潜热的释放有关。由于等熵位涡分析的应用受等熵面倾斜的限制,又进而发展了Z坐标及P坐标中的倾斜涡度发展理论。指出无论是湿对称不稳定或对流不稳定大气,还是湿对称稳定或对流稳定大气,除对流稳定度的影响外,风的垂直切变的增加或水平湿斜压的增加均能因湿等熵面的倾斜而引起垂直涡度的增长。湿等熵面的倾斜越大,这种由干湿斜压性加强所引起的涡旋发展更激烈。在梅雨锋附近及其南侧暖湿区的北端,湿等熵面十分陡立,是涡旋发展及暴雨发生的重要地区。对1991年6月12—15日江淮流域暴雨过程的湿位涡分析表明,湿位涡分析,尤其是等压面上湿位涡量MPV1和MPV2的分析不仅在中高纬有效,在低纬度及低对流层也十分有效,是暴雨诊断和预报的有力工具。 相似文献
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In this paper,the local potential of nondivergent flow on beta plane is derived from the motion equa-tion.The conservation principle for vorticity is obtained when the local potential tends to be minimumwith the variational technique.Some other properties st,ch as Lagrangian of vorticity equation,energyetc.are also discussed briefly in the paper. 相似文献
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An accurate form of the moist potential vorticity(MPV)equation was deduced from a completeset of primitive equations.It was shown that motion in a saturated atmosphere without diabatic heat-ing and friction conserves moist potential vorticity.This property was then used to investigate the de-velopment of vertical vorticity in moist baroclinic processes.Results show that in the framework ofmoist isentropic coordinate,vorticity development can result from reduction of convective stability,orconvergence,or latent heat release at isentropic surfaces.However,the application of the usual analy-sis of moist isentropic potential vorticity is limited due to the declination of moist isentropic surfaces.and a theory of development based on z-coordinate and p-coordinate was then proposed.According tothis theory,whether the atmosphere is moist-symmetrically stable or unstable,or convective stable orunstable,the reduction of convective stability,the increase of the vertical shear of horizontal wind ormoist baroclinity may result in the increase of vertical vorticity,so long as the moist isentropic surfaceis slantwise.The larger the declination of the moist isentropic surface,the more vigorous the develop-ment of vertical vorticity.In a region with a monsoon front to the north and the warm and moist airto the south,or by the north of the front,the moist isentropes are very steep.The is the region mostfavorable for development of vorticities and formation of torrential rain.For a case of persistent torrential rain occurring in the middle and lower reaches of theChangjiang and Huaihe Rivers in June 11-15,1991,moist potential vorticity analysis,especially theisobaric analysis of its vertical and horizontal components,i.e.MPV1 and MPV2,respectively,iseffective for identifying synoptic systems not only in middle and high latitudes,but also in low lati-tudes and in the lower troposphere.It can serve as a powerful tool for the diagnosis and prediction oftorrential rain. 相似文献
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CONSERVATION OF MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITY AND DOWN-SLIDING SLANTWISE VORTICITY DEVELOPMENT* 下载免费PDF全文
An accurate form of the moist potential vorticity(MPV) equation was deduced from a complete set of primitive equations.It was shown that motion in a saturated atmosphere without diabatic heating and friction conserves moist potential vorticity.This property was then used to investigate the development of vertical vorticity in moist baroclinic processes.Results show that in the framework of moist isentropic coordinate,vorticity development can result from reduction of convective stability,or convergence,or latent heat release at isentropic surfaces.However,the application of the usual analysis of moist isentropic potential vorticity is limited due to the declination of moist isentropic surfaces.and a theory of development based on z-coordinate and p-coordinate was then proposed.According to this theory,whether the atmosphere is moist-symmetrically stable or unstable,on convective stable or unstable,the reduction of convective stability,the increase of the vertical shear of horizontal wind or moist baroclinity may result in the increase of vertical vorticity,so long as the moist isentropic surface is slantwise.The larger the declination of the moist isentropic surface,the more vigorous the development of vertical vorticity.In a region with a monsoon front to the north and the warm and moist air to the south,or by the north of the front,the moist isentropes are very steep.The is the region most favorable for development of vorticities and formation of torrential rain.For a case of persistent torrential rain occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang and Huaihe Rivers in June 11-15,1991,moist potential vorticity analysis,especially the isobaric analysis of its vertical and horizontal components,i.e.MPV1 and MPV2,respectively,is effective for identifying synoptic systems not only in middle and high latitudes,but also in low latitudes and in the lower troposphere.It can serve as a powerful tool for the diagnosis and prediction of torrential rain. 相似文献
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A two-dimensional,semi-geostrophic numerical model incorporating the tropopause andstratosphere is used to investigate the effects of a positive potential vorticity anomaly and latentheat release on the frontogenetic process and the structure of the resulting frontal zone.It isdemonstrated that(1)the inclusion of tropopause and stratosphere significantly changes the frontalstructure only in the upper levels;(2)a clearly defined quasi-equivalent barotropic structure and aregion of upward motion of finite width appear when a positive potential vorticity anomaly exists onthe warm side of the maximum baroclinity in the lower troposphere,especially when it is locatedon the south edge of the baroclinic zone;(3)the above mentioned structure deteriorates as thefrontogenesis proceeds in a dry atmosphere but can be maintained in a moist frontogenetic processwith condensational heating;(4)the combination of a positive potential vorticity anomaly and thelatent heat release is able to accelerate the frontogenesis significantly with the time needed to forman intense frontal zone reduced to less than 15 h.The results have significant theoreticalimportance in understanding the complex nature of frontal structure and frontogenesis,especiallyin understanding the dynamic structure of the subtropical frontal zone observed during earlysummer over East Asia. 相似文献
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气旋生成机制的位涡反演诊断 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
本文采用位涡反演方法,对一次西太平洋地区爆发性气旋的生成机制进行了诊断分析。结果表明:高层位涡扰动(即高空槽脊系统)所诱生的低层扰动风场特征为一支位于高空槽前下方的偏南气流,这支偏南气流是促使低层锋区扰动发展的主要动力因子:而低层位涡扰动(即低层锋区扰动)所诱生的低层扰动位势场和扰动风场是低层降压和气旋性环流生成的主要原因。 相似文献