扎兰屯地区中小地震重新定位研究

以内蒙古地震台网观测报告的震相数据为基础,运用双差定位方法对扎兰屯地区地震重新定位,获得149个地震的重新定位结果。显示扎兰屯地区的孕震层主要分布在5～15km,在上、中地壳,地震簇状分布较明显,主要呈NE向分布;研究区域西北侧震源深度较浅,东南侧较深,大兴安岭山脊区域震源深度分布下限较深。     

基于地震波反演研究南天山中西段的震源深度

南天山中西段位于塔里木块体与西昆仑之间,地震频发。本文利用基于波形反演的CAP方法对南天山中西段地震震源深度进行了反演,得到的震源深度与用到时定位得到的震源深度进行了对比,发现用到时定位得到的震源深度整体偏浅。同时,南天山中段山前地区震源深度比南天山中段中部地区震源深度浅,南天山由西往东呈现震源深度变浅的趋势。南天山中西段震源深度整体分布在15—23km,有明显的地震活动深度下界。     

岱海断陷带地区地震重新定位研究

采用双差定位,对岱海断陷带及周边地区2008-2013年地震事件进行重新定位及震源深度研究。重新定位后地震在空间分布上更加集中,部分地震有向构造带趋近的变化,较多地震呈簇集状出现于多条断裂的交汇部位,西南段地震较活跃,不同部位地震数目有明显差异,构造活动存在分段特征,震源密集地区的分布走向明显,可以推测,岱海断陷带西南端存在东西走向和东南走向的发震构造。震源深度结果表明,地震震源深度集中在5-15 km,均值为7 km。岱海断陷带西南段地震震源深度大于东北段,反映地壳厚度不均匀。     

岱海断陷带地区地震重新定位研究

采用双差定位,对岱海断陷带及周边地区2008—2013年地震事件进行重新定位及震源深度研究。重新定位后地震在空间分布上更加集中,部分地震有向构造带趋近的变化,较多地震呈簇集状出现于多条断裂的交汇部位,西南段地震较活跃,不同部位地震数目有明显差异,构造活动存在分段特征,震源密集地区的分布走向明显,可以推测,岱海断陷带西南端存在东西走向和东南走向的发震构造。震源深度结果表明,地震震源深度集中在5—15km,均值为7km。岱海断陷带西南段地震震源深度大于东北段,反映地壳厚度不均匀。     

青海大柴旦地方震波形特征分析

利用双差定位法对2009—2015年大柴旦M 0.5以上地震重新进行精确定位,并绘制区域地震震源深度频数直方图。根据地震精定位结果,选取地震波形记录较好的事件进行特征分析。结果发现,重新定位后,大柴旦地区约65%的地震震源深度分布在6—10 km,震源深度较浅,地震波列衰减快,经过滤波,在直达波后观测到新的震相,初步推测为康拉德界面反射波。     

青海大柴旦地方震波形特征分析

利用双差定位法对2009—2015年大柴旦M 0.5以上地震重新进行精确定位,并绘制区域地震震源深度频数直方图。根据地震精定位结果,选取地震波形记录较好的事件进行特征分析。结果发现,重新定位后,大柴旦地区约65%的地震震源深度分布在6—10 km,震源深度较浅,地震波列衰减快,经过滤波,在直达波后观测到新的震相,初步推测为康拉德界面反射波。     

双差地震定位法在邯郸-邢台地区地震精确定位中的初步应用

采用双差地震定位方法,利用2001-2006年间邯郸数字台网记录到的413次M1≥1.0地震的P波和S波震相到时资料,对邯郸一邢台地区(35.0°～38.0°N,113.0°～116.0°E)的地震进行了重新精确定位.经重新定位后得到其中295次地震的基本参数.重新定位结果显示了比较精细的震中分布图像和有所收敛的震源深度剖面图像,震源深度的优势分布为12～18 km,平均深度为14.9 km,部分震中位置与震源深度变化较大的地震向断裂带靠近.     

内蒙古中西部一维均匀地壳速度模型研究

使用内蒙古地震台网记录的内蒙古中西部59个地震,使用单纯型方法和Pn/Pg联合测定深度方法,对震中和震源深度重新测定,提取定位结果的纵波走时数据。使用理论走时公式,将已知变量和未知变量分离建立方程组,使用共轭梯度法,反演得到包含5个参数的两层均匀速度模型。使用Hyposat方法,对比新模型和现有模型的定位残差,新模型残差有所降低,震源深度控制较好。     

初始震源深度对双差定位结果的影响分析

选取芦山M7.0地震余震中初始震源深度在10~15 km范围内的地震,通过将震源深度减小5 km、增加5 km和直接固定震源深度的方法,获得不同的震源深度值来作为初始震源深度,采用双差定位法分别对不同初始震源深度地震进行重新定位,并对定位结果的震源位置进行对比分析。通过计算,认为初始震源深度误差对双差定位结果的震中位置影响比较小,但对震源深度结果却存在一定的影响。     

新疆北天山地区Ms≥2.0地震震源参数的重新测定

基于新疆32个测震台站记录到的28701条P波和S波震相到时数据,利用双差地震定位法重新测定新疆北天山地区(42.5°~45°N,82°~89°E)1988年4月至2003年6月间发生的1348次MS≥2.0地震的震源位置。为尽量得到全部地震的重新定位结果,本文结合双差地震定位法对资料的要求和所用资料情况,添加了437次1.5≤MS<2.0的地震震相到时数据参与定位计算。重新定位后得到了1253次MS≥2.0地震的重新定位结果,占全部MS≥2.0地震的93%,其中,MS≥3.0的地震全部得到了重新定位结果,并对没有得到重新定位结果的95次2.0≤MS<3.0地震的原因进行了分析。得到重新定位结果的1253次地震的均方根残差的平均值由重新定位前的0.83s降到0.14s,震源位置的测定误差(2倍标准偏差)在E-W方向平均为0.993km,在N-S方向上平均为1.10km,垂直方向平均为1.33km。分析重新定位结果得出,重新定位地震的震源深度较定位前有明显收敛,集中分布在5~35km,94.3%的地震震源深度分布在5~35km,68.2%的地震震源深度分布在10~25km,地震的平均震源深度为19km。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.