A New Paleomagnetic Pole for the Silurian Geological Sequences of Tuva

Doklady Earth Sciences - New paleomagnetic data are determined for Silurian rocks of Tuva. One-, two-, and three-component magnetization is distinguished for the rocks. The low-temperature (LT)...     

Detrital zircon provenance of upper Cambrian-Permian strata and tectonic evolution of the Ellsworth Mountains,West Antarctica

Detrital zircons from the upper Cambrian-Devonian sandstones (Crashsite Group; n = 485) and Carboniferous tillite (Whiteout Conglomerate; n = 81) of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica record a steady supply of Neoproterozoic (“Pan-African”) orogeny (~ 550–600 Ma), Grenville (~ 1000 Ma) and Neoarchean (~ 3000–3500 Ma) zircons into the northern marginal basin of Gondwana. The overlying Permian Glossopteris-bearing Polarstar Formation shales (n = 85) have the same zircon provenance as underlying units but also include a dominance of depositional-age (263 Ma) euhedral zircons which are interpreted to be of local, volcanic arc origin. Modeling of detrital zircon provenance suggests that source areas were present in Pan-African and Laurentian crust throughout the Paleozoic. We also report calcite twinning strain results (12 strain analyses; n = 398 twins) for the Cambrian Minaret Fm. in the Heritage range which is predominantly a layer-parallel shortening strain in the direction (WSW-ENE) of Permian Gondwanide orogen thrust transport. There is a secondary, sub-vertical twinning strain overprint. The initiation of localized lower-middle Cambrian rifting (Heritage Group deposition) in Grenville-aged crust as Gondwana amalgamated and the subsequent Jurassic counterclockwise rotation of the Ellsworth-Whitmore terrane out of the Permian Gondwanide belt into central Antarctica each remain tectonic curiosities.     

Classification of 24 New Ordinary Chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Petrography and mineral chemistry of 24 ordinary chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica, have been studied in order to identify their chemical-petrographic types. These samples were selected from a total of 4448 Grove Mountains (GRV) meteorites collected during the 19th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition so as to make an estimation of the large GRV meteorite collection. The chemical-petrographic types of these meteorites are presented below: 1 H3,2 H4, 4 H5, 2 H6, 1 L4, 7 L5, 5 L6, 1 LL4 and 1 LL6. The new data weaken the previous report that unequilibrated ordinary chondrites are unusually abundant in the Grove Mountains region. However, this work confirms significant differences in distribution patterns of chemical-petrographic types between the Grove Mountains and other     

河北完县中、晚寒武世牙形石和三叶虫生物地层

<正> 华北寒武系三叶虫生物地层学的研究历史悠久,目前已趋完善。但凤山期前的牙形石研究是牙形石学研究中的薄弱环节。国外学者对长山阶及以下地层中的牙形石研究甚少,仅Mller(1956)对波罗的海沿岸地区和美国以及Mller et Hintz(1991)对瑞典中南部的寒武系牙形石的研究成果。Miller(1980,1984)在美国西部相当于凤山阶的地层中建立了详细的牙形石带,迄今为止,尚无人在长山阶及之下的地层中建立牙形石带。在国内,安太庠(1982)研究了山东莱芜、河北涞水、辽宁复县和本溪等地的牙形石,并综合     

First Late Ordovician Paleomagnetic Pole for the Cuyania (Precordillera) Terrane of Western Argentina: a Microcontinent or a Laurentian Plateau

Time and tectonic processes involved in docking of the Argentine Precordillera (Cuyania terrane) against SW Gondwana has been a matter of much debate. A paleomagnetic study on the Early Caradoc Pavón Formation, exposed in the San Rafael block, province of Mendoza, Argentina, is presented. After detailed thermal and alternating field demagnetizations two geologically significant magnetic components were defined. A widespread post-tectonic component (A) is present in most sites of the Pavón Formation, with dual polarities, and is coincident with the characteristic remanence isolated from a Permo-Triassic rhyolitic dome intruding the sediments. Its pole position (83.7°S, 271.0°E, dp = 6.8°, dm = 9.0° N = 11 sites) falls on the Late Permian-Early Triassic South American reference poles suggesting that this component was acquired during the Choiyoi magmatic phase. A second component (B) also shows dual polarities and a positive fold test suggesting a primary origin. Unblocking temperatures and rock magnetic experiments indicate that B is carried either by hematite or magnetite at different sites. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results suggest a depositional fabric and no remanence distortion due to deformation or compaction. A paleomagnetic pole computed from this remanence (PV) falls on 3.6°N, 346.4°E (dp = 2.9°, dm = 4.6° n = 22 samples). It indicates a paleolatitude around 26°S for deposition of Pavón sediments and constrains the paleogeographic evolution of Cuyania during the Ordovician, which was still at subtropical latitudes by the Early Caradoc. PV is consistent with the Laurentian Late Ordovician reference pole if Cuyania remains attached to SE Laurentia for the Early Caradoc, while it shows a significant cw rotation with no paleolatitude anomaly respect to the Gondwana reference pole when kept in its present position in SW South America. These comparisons are interpreted in three possible alternatives for the paleogeographic and tectonic setting of Cuyania in the Late Ordovician.     

台江阶——我国寒武系一个新的年代地层单位

台江阶是继湘西建立的 4个中 -上寒武统新阶之后在我国江南斜坡带黔东传统的中寒武统下部建立的又一个新阶 ,它的底界层型剖面位于贵州台江县革东镇八郎村 ,底界划在 Oryctocephalus indicus的首现位置 ,位于凯里组下部第 10层之底。     

Dolomitization of Carbonate Periplatform Deposit,Machari Formation (Middle to Late Cambrian),Korea

The petrography, the geochemistry and the burial history all constrain the origin and modification history of dolomites in an ancient periplatform carbonate slope deposit,the Machari Formation (late Miclclle to early Late Cambrian),Korea. The formation is mainly composed of rhythmic bedding. laminated to bedded lime mudstone alternating with argillaceous lime mudstone. The rhythmic bedding is a product of the deposition of offshore periplatform ooze and hemipelagic clay on a periplatform slope. This formation also shows minor and intermittent influx of other lithofacies including the bioclastic-peloidal packstone, peloidal wackestone, and intraclasts deposited as turbidites. Five types of dolomite occur in the Machari Formation, whose occurrence.texture and geochemistry provide an insight into origin and modification history.     

A New Martian Meteorite from Antarctica:Grove Mountains (GRV) 020090

Reported in this paper are the petrology and mineral chemistry of GRV 020090, the second Martian meteorite collected from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica. This meteorite, with a mass of 7.54 g, is completely covered by a black and glazy fusion crust. It has two distinct textural regions. The interstitial region is composed of euhedral grains of olivine, pigeonite, and anhedral interstitial maskelynite, with minor chromite, augite, phosphates and troilite. The poikilitic region consists of three clasts of pyroxenes, each of which has a pigeonite core and an augite rim. A few grains of subhedral to rounded olivine and euhedral chromite are enclosed in the pyroxene oikocrysts. GRV 020090 is classified as a new member of lherzolitic shergottites based on the modal composition and mineral chemistry. This work will shed light on the composition of Martian crust and magmatism on the Mars.     

Facies and cyclicity of the Late Permian Bainmedart Coal Measures in the Northern Prince Charles Mountains, MacRobertson Land, Antarctica

The Late Permian Bainmedart Coal Measures form part of the Permo-Triassic Amery Group, which crops out in the Beaver Lake area of the Northern Prince Charles Mountains, MacRobertson Land, Antarctica. The exposed strata are believed to have formed in graben or half-graben sub-basins on the western edge of the Lambert Graben, a major failed rift system. Sedimentological analysis has revealed that these rocks formed in alluvial environments in which swiftly flowing rivers of low sinuosity (represented by Facies A1 and A2) flowed northward down the axis of the basin, and were associated with waterlogged floodbasin and peat-forming wetlands (Facies B1-B4). A third Facies Association (comprising Facies C1-C3), interpreted as the deposits of lake floor and delta environments, is exclusively developed within a distinctive, fine-grained interval here named the Dragon's Teeth Member. The proportion of Association B facies within the succession increases markedly above the level of the Dragon's Teeth Member (at about 300 m above the base of the formation). Flat, low-angle and undulatory bedding structures preserved within channel deposits are suggestive of sediment deposition in flow conditions which were often critical or supercritical. Presence of massive and chaotic intervals of sandstone further implies some deposition from high-concentration aqueous flows. Alluvial channel bodies show evidence of incision into underlying substrates, both during initiation and at later stages in channel belt construction. The lack of interfingering between channel deposits and coals suggests that thick peats formed only in areas and at times of minimal clastic sediment supply. Analysis of well-developed cyclicity within the coal measures suggests that the dominant control on sequence architecture was climatic, related to precessional Milankovitch fluctuations of c. 19-kyr periodicity. Cycles began abruptly with the deposition of coarse-grained material in high-energy alluvial channels, which contracted with time in response to changes in water supply (rainfall). Upper parts of cycles are dominated by finer-grained sediments and then coal, indicative of progressively reduced coarse sediment input. Tectonic processes overprinted this pattern at least once during the period of sediment accumulation, to form the Dragon's Teeth Member.     

Vestoid cosmic spherules from the South Pole Water Well and Transantarctic Mountains (Antarctica): A major and trace element study

We present major and trace element data of five glass cosmic spherules (CS) with differentiated compositions recovered in the South Pole Water Well and the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. The differentiated CS were first identified using Fe/Mg and Fe/Mn ratios and we have now added high Rare Earth Element concentrations (5 < REE_N < 14), and low siderophile element abundances (e.g. Ni = 25 ± 27 ppm) as characteristics. We propose that the siderophile depletions observed in differentiated CS result from the segregation of these elements into the core of their parent body during differentiation. Then, the high Fe/Mg ratios of differentiated CS result from their low MgO contents. Combined with their high level of REE enrichment, this indicates that the precursors formed through basaltic melt extraction from the asteroid/planetary source. As Fe/Mn and Fe/Mg ratios cannot distinguish between a Martian or Vestoid origin, we measured trace elements (zinc, cobalt, and vanadium) whose chemical behavior depends on oxidation state, known to be higher in the Martian than in the Vestoid environment. The compositions of the differentiated CS studied in this work share the characteristics of eucrites for all these indicators, providing further evidence that these differentiated CS are samples of a Vesta-like asteroid. However, their precursors show a considerable diversity in their mineralogy when compared to eucrites, that results in a wider range of major (Ca and Al) and trace element (Ba, Sr, Sc, and V) composition in differentiated CS.     

Late Middle Jurassic (Late Bathonian-early Callovian) radiolarian cherts from the Neotethyan Bornova flysch zone, Spil Mountains, Western Turkey

Alternating radiolarian cherts and mudstones associated with basaltic lavas occur in a olistolith within the Late Cretaceous Bornova Flysch in W Anatolia. Cherts yielded diverse and moderately preserved, Nassellaria-dominated radiolarian faunas of late Bathonian-early Callovian age. Associated volcanic rocks are geochemically classified as remnants of oceanic seamounts. This is so far the first late Middle Jurassic age from the crust of the Neotethyan Izmir-Ankara Ocean in W Anatolia, and suggests that its spreading started earlier. Similar ages were reported from the Vardar and Meliata-Hallstadt Tethyan oceanic branches in Greece and Serbia, which also opened in Late Triassic but closed earlier. Published in Russian in Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2009, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 70–80. The article is published in the original.     

山东张夏期(中寒武世晚期)三叶虫生物地层

根据山东长清张夏虎头山至黄草顶、淄博市淄川区峨庄乡黑石寨谢家峪及新泰县九龙村九龙山的中寒武世晚期地层剖面的新材料 ,分析了山东张夏期三叶虫的地层分布 ,讨论了张夏组的顶底界线 ,扼要地比较了张夏期的 6个多节类三叶虫带与华南过渡区的 4个球接子带。     

Oroclinal bending of the Middle and Late Paleozoic volcanic belts in Kazakhstan: Paleomagnetic evidence and geological implications

Paleomagnetic data on Middle- and Late-Paleozoic rocks from the central part of the Ural-Mongolian Belt in Kazakhstan are considered. The primary remanences in the Permian rocks and secondary magnetization components of the same age in pre-Permian rocks of central and northern Kazakhstan are not rotated relative to the East European Platform. In southern Kazakhstan adjoining the Tien Shan almost all data point to large, up to 90°, counterclockwise rotation of blocks. These rotations, related to the regional wrench fault zone, must be subtracted from older paleomagnetic data to ensure their correct interpretation. The paleomagnetic declinations in Upper Carboniferous rocks coincide more or less over all of Kazakhstan, whereas the Silurian and Early Devonian declinations in the north and south of Kazakhstan differ approximately by 180°. It can be suggested that the Devonian volcanic belt, having a horseshoe outline, was initially an almost rectilinear NW-trending feature. Its oroclinal bending took place in the Devonian and Early Carboniferous and completed by the Late Carboniferous. We compared the model of the Kazakh Orocline based on paleomagnetic data with the geological events in this territory. It turned out that a slow bending of an initially rectilinear subduction zone is consistent with lateral migration of active volcanism and folding inside a developing loop, whereas extension outside the loop was accompanied by subsidence and rifting. In general, the proposed model connects the main tectonic events in Kazakhstan with the movements established from paleomagnetic data.     

雪峰山西侧地区中上寒武统——层序地层学特征及层序格架

综合利用沉积学、岩石矿物学、碳同位素地球化学等分析手段,对研究区中-上寒武统层序地层学特征进行了分析。结果表明:中-上寒武统可以划归为1个二级层序和5个三级层序,在二级层序时限范围内,浅水相区经历了由局限台地潮坪→开阔台地→局限台地潮坪的沉积演化,斜坡过渡带则经历了由台地边缘→前缘缓斜坡→台地边缘的演化,研究区东南部的深水相区则由深陆棚→盆地→浅水陆棚组成。三级层序海侵体系域中沉积的颗粒白云岩、叠层石礁以及晚期高水位体系域中形成的溶孔白云岩、岩溶角砾白云岩的层位具有重要的油气勘探潜力,是值得关注和研究的领域。     

A New Ichnogenus Kailidiscus Produced by Attachment from the Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in Taijiang, Guizhou Province, China

Over 190 specimens of an attachment ichnofossil Kailidiscus （n. ichnogen.） have been found in the Kaili Bitoa, a Burgess Shale-type biota, from the middle Kaili Formation （early Middle Cambrian） in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, southern China. Kailidiscus is an epichnia with a circular to oval attachment platform, on which there is a carbonaceous film probably formed by the body of the living organism. Structures such as a marginal furrow, an inner and outer marginal ride, many convex fold-ridges, and a large caved peripheral furrow on the attachment platform may be the result of basal tissues of a sessile organism that wrinkled to increase the attachment＇s surface area. The Kailidiscus organism may have been a sessile cnidarian attached to the muddy seafioor. Kailidiscus organisms lived in relatively quiet water, and were buried by a sudden influx of sediment.     

Early Cambrian braid-delta deposits, MacKenzie Mountains, north-western Canada

Latest Neoproterozoic to earliest Cambrian strata in north-western Canada provide an example of a pre-vegetation braid-delta depositional system. Depositional environments represented in the succession include braided fluvial and braid-delta distributary channels, aeolian dune fields and interdistributary lagoons/bays, as well as mouth bar, beach to shoreface, and prodelta to distal shelf settings. Three formations have been investigated: the Ingta Formation formed in wave-dominated nearshore to offshore shelf environments with little or no apparent deltaic influence, whereas the overlying Backbone Ranges and Vampire formations contain an extensive record of braid-delta deposits ranging from braidplain to distal prodelta facies. On the braid-plain, river channels reached widths of up to several kilometres. Such channels terminated seaward in braid deltas that showed some shoreline protuberance and were characterized by fluvial-dominated mouth-bar deposition with lesser wave influence; wave-dominated deltaic successions are rare in the succession. Interdeltaic areas were characterized by wave-dominated prograding shorelines. Interdistributary lagoons probably formed primarily in abandoned distributary channels. Delta-front/prodelta deposits are silt-rich and contain abundant soft-sediment deformation, including slumps. The deposits in these formations illustrate the significantly different nature of sedimentation prior to the advent of land plants. This is illustrated in the dominance of braided fluvial deposition and of silt-rich offshore facies that may have resulted from enhanced aeolian transport of loess. The non-actualistic effects of limited bioturbation and extensive microbial binding apparently exerted relatively little control on the distribution of facies. However, the absence of extensive bioturbation is manifest in pristine preservation of primary sedimentary structures, while the hypothesized latest Proterozoic-earliest Cambrian decline in microbial binding may be reflected in the upward increase in the abundance of sole marks in the succession.     

The Cambrian Ross Orogeny in northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) and New Zealand: A synthesis

In the Cambrian, the paleo-Pacific margin of the East Gondwana continent, including East Antarctica, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, was affected by the Ross–Delamerian Orogeny. The evidence from geochemistry of volcanic rocks and petrography of clastic sediments in northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) reveals that orogenesis occurred during a phase of oblique subduction accompanied by the opening and subsequent closure of a back-arc basin. A similar sequence of events is recognized in New Zealand. In both regions Middle Cambrian volcanic rocks are interpreted as arc/back-arc assemblages produced by west-directed subduction; sediments interbedded with the volcanic rocks show provenance both from the arc and from the Gondwana margin and therefore place the basin close to the continent. Rapid back-arc closure in the Late Cambrian was likely accomplished through changes to the subduction system.     

南极格罗夫山6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石的矿物-岩石学特征

主要报导了南极格罗夫山新回收的6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石的岩石学和矿物化学特征.它们都保存了原始的矿物-岩石学特征,包括非常清晰的球粒结构、基质不透明、橄榄石和低钙辉石颗粒具有明显的成分环带、以及颗粒之间极不均匀的化学组成等.这6块陨石包括3块高铁群(H3)和3块低铁群(L3)群.根据非平衡型普通球粒陨石中橄榄石成分Fa变化的PMD(相对标准偏差)值与陨石热变质程度的相关性,进一步划分岩石类型亚类:CRV 020016为H3.7型、GRV 020162为H3.5型、GRV 020166为H3.4型、GRV 020106为L3.7型、GRV 020164为L3.7型、GRV 020165为L3.7型.全部6块陨石的冲击变质程度很低,为S1-S2;样品比较新鲜,风化作用划分为W1-W2.