共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 219 毫秒
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Applications of fuzzy algorithms in the domain of sonar systems that have been implemented in the latest generation of Atlas sonar equipment are introduced. The aim is to provide an insight into the solution of problems from an application-oriented point of view. Classification of DEMON spectra and automatic target tracking by means of fuzzy systems are introduced and demonstrated with examples. A short introduction to fuzzy technology is given to support the understanding of the algorithms presented 相似文献
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Automatic Registration of TOBI Side-Scan Sonar and Multi-Beam Bathymetry Images for Improved Data Fusion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deep towed side-scan sonar vehicles such as TOBI acquire high quality imagery of the seafloor with very high spatial resolution but poor locational accuracy. Fusion of the side-scan sonar data with bathymetry data from an independent source is often desirable to reduce ambiguity in geological interpretations, to aid in slant-range correction and to enhance seafloor representation. The main obstacle to fusion is accurate registration of the two datasets.The application of hierarchical chamfer matching to the registration of TOBI side-scan sonar images and multi-beam swath bathymetry is described. This matches low level features such as edges in the TOBI image, with corresponding features in a synthetic TOBI image created by simulating the flight of the TOBI vehicle through the bathymetry. The method is completely automatic, relatively fast and robust, and much easier than manual registration. It allows accurate positioning of the TOBI vehicle, enhancing its usefulness as a research tool. The method is illustrated by automatic registration of TOBI and multi-beam bathymetry data from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 相似文献
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Acoustic signals received by platform mounted sonar arrays can be spatially processed to enhance the detection of targets in the presence of both ambient and platform generated (self) noise. Ambient noise in the ocean, such as that due to distant shipping or biological choruses, are known to be spatially correlated. The platform generated noise will be of near-field origin and may not be received by all elements in the array. In this paper we investigate the performance of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer and the recently introduced Fourier integral method (FIM) and compare their performances with the conventional beamformer. Real passive sonar data, obtained from a platform mounted sparse linear array of hydrophones, is used to study the performance of the beamformers in a typical sonar environment. It is shown that in the absence of self noise, when the array is accurately calibrated the MVDR beamformer will perform very well, but when sensor gain or phase errors are present the performance of the MVDR beamformer is degraded. Further, the MVDR beamformer is unable to reject the self noise which is not "seen" by the entire array. FIM however seems to perform well and a modified version of FIM, which we call weighted FIM (WFIM), is shown to perform better and is at worst comparable to a well calibrated MVDR beamformer 相似文献
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Passive sonar systems that localize broadband sources of acoustic energy estimate the difference in arrival times (or time delays) of an acoustic wavefront at spatially separated hydrophones, The output amplitudes from a given pair of hydrophones are cross-correlated, and an estimate of the time delay is given by the time lag that maximizes the cross correlation function. Often the time-delay estimates are corrupted by the presence of noise. By replacing each of the omnidirectional hydrophones with an array of hydrophones, and then cross-correlating the beamformed outputs of the arrays, the author shows that the effect of noise on the time-delay estimation process is reduced greatly. Both conventional and adaptive beamforming methods are implemented in the frequency domain and the advantages of array beamforming (prior to cross-correlation) are highlighted using both simulated and real noise-field data. Further improvement in the performance of the broadband cross-correlation processor occurs when various prefiltering algorithms are invoked 相似文献
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The natural motion of a ship at sea produces undesirable effects on sonar displays. To overcome this problem some form of stabilization is desirable. A practical sonar display system, which uses image processing techniques to stabilize the displayed sonar image against rotational motion is described. The stabilization method provides the capability of image enhancement as well as improved image interpretation due to an increased area of view and a geometrically correct conversion to polar display. Details of the three processing stages required in the system are provided. These processes are ship motion analysis, image integration, and polar display conversion. Stabilized results are given for simulated ship motion 相似文献
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西沙北部海域海洋环境噪声频谱特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Ambient noise is very important in the prediction system of a sonar performance, because it determines the detection ranges always in a passive sonar and usually in an active sonar. In the uncertainty issue for the so-nar performance, it is necessary to know this factor's statistical characteristics that are only obtained by data processing from the underwater ambient noise measurements. Broad-band ambient noise signals from 16 hydrophones were amplified and recorded for 2 min every 1 h. The results show that the ambient noise is essentially depth independent. The cross correlation of the ambient noise levels (1, 6 and 12 h average) with a wind speed is presented. It was found that the correlation is excellent on the upper frequency band and the noise levels correlate better with high wind speed than with low wind speed. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the evolutionary development, which has taken place over the last decade, in digital sonar systems architecture with the application of first, second, and third generation computers as system controllers for sonar systems. It is the opinion of the authors that, with the arrival of microprocessors, the system controller tasks in real time digital sonars will diminish. We present, as the "fourth generation," the present systems which still have a relatively large CPU, assisted by an array of microprocessors under their control for several subtasks which can be handled, more efficiently, locally in the systems. The "fifth generation" concept is postulated as a further development of this concept. A distributed processing scheme is presented in which the processing elements are actually highly functionally distributed themselves at the lowest level of architecture; consequently, the user views them as uniprocessors within the tightly coupled network. This approach should result in relatively high throughput utilizing a fairly small repertoire of modular hardware components and requiring minimal software effort by implementing, via firmware, very high level macros. This concept allows adaptive system architecture for the various advanced sonar data processing requirements for multielement linear, spatial, or blanket type array systems postulated for the future. 相似文献
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In ocean surveillance, a number of different types of transient signals are observed. These sonar signals are waveforms in one dimension (1-D). The hidden Markov model (HMM) is well suited to classification of 1-D signals such as speech. In HMM methodology, the signal is divided into a sequence of frames, and each frame is represented by a feature vector. This sequence of feature vectors is then modeled by one HMM. Thus, the HMM methodology is highly suitable for classifying the patterns that are made of concatenated sequences of micro patterns. The sonar transient signals often display an evolutionary pattern over the time scale. Following this intuition, the application of HMM's to sonar transient classification is proposed and discussed in this paper. Toward this goal, three different feature vectors based on an autoregressive (AR) model, Fourier power spectra, and wavelet transforms are considered in our work. In our implementation, one HMM is developed for each class of signals. During testing, the signal to be recognized is matched against all models. The best matched model identifies the signal class. The neural net (NN) classifier has been successfully used previously for sonar transient classification. The same set of features as mentioned above is then used with a multilayer perceptron NN classifier. Some experimental results using “DARPA standard data set I” with HMM and MLP-NN classification schemes are presented. A combined NN/HMM classifier is proposed, and its performance is evaluated with respect to individual classifiers 相似文献
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This paper presents a neural-network-based system to detect small man-made objects in sequences of sector-scan sonar images created using signals of various pulse lengths. The detection of such objects is considered out to ranges of 150 m by using an experimental sector-scan sonar system mounted on a vessel. The sonar system considered in this investigation has three modes of operation to create images over ranges of 200, 400, and 800 m from the vessel using acoustic pulses of a different duration for each mode. After an initial cleaning operation performed by compensating for the motion of the vessel, the imagery is segmented to extract objects for analysis. A set of 31 features extracted from each object is examined. These features consist of basic object size and contrast features, shape moment-based features, moment invariants, and features extracted from the second-order histogram of each object. Optimal sets of 15 features are then selected for each mode and over all modes using sequential forward selection (SFS) and sequential backward selection (SBS). These features are then used to train neural networks to detect man-made objects in each sonar mode. By the addition of a feature describing the sonar's mode of operation, a neural network is trained to detect man-made objects in any of the three sonar modes. The multimode detector is shown to perform very well when compared with detectors trained specifically for each sonar mode setting. The proposed detector is also shown to perform well when compared to a number of statistical detectors based on the same set of features. The proposed detector achieves a 92.4% probability of detection at a mean false-alarm rate of 10 per image, averaged over all sonar mode settings. 相似文献
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《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2009,34(4):476-484
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声纳具有对大范围水下场景探测的能力,一直以来都是水下设备感知外界环境的重要手段,但由于声纳图像分辨率低,海洋环境噪声干扰较为复杂,所以在诸多方面的应用都受到了限制。文中提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场和引导滤波的声纳图像去噪与增强方法,使用马尔可夫随机场对声纳图像进行预分割,然后采用中值滤波方法对原始图像进行简单滤波处理,最后将该图像作为引导图像对马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)分割后的图像进行引导滤波实现了对声纳图像的去噪与增强。该方法有效地去除了背景和影子内的噪声,对目标区域内部噪声起到了很好的抑制作用,消除了MRF分割产生的伪轮廓效应,具有较好的边界保持和增强效果。 相似文献
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A newly discovered area of mud volcanism, about 170 km south of Crete, in the central–eastern part of the Mediterranean Ridge,
was named the “United Nations Rise” (UNR). A survey of the UNR area with the deep-towed ORE tech side-scan sonar equipped
with a subbottom profiler revealed the presence of some mud volcanoes and also showed various other sea-floor features, including
slumps, escarpments and pockmark-type depressions. Several of our interpretations were ground-truthed by coring. The UNR area
appears to belong to the Inner deformation front of the Mediterranean Ridge. 相似文献