冀西北中元古代铁岭组地层格架研究

河北省怀来中元古代铁岭组主要为一套滨浅海碳酸盐岩沉积组合。按微相组合或基本层序,沉积体系及沉积体系域逐级剖析的方法,可识别出６１个基本层序的潮坪,浅水陆棚及开阔陆棚等３种沉积体系。     

沉积环境对煤层含气量的控制:以沁水盆地寿阳地区太原组15#煤为例

煤层性质的差异是影响煤层气富集及高产的重要因素。沉积环境控制了煤层厚度及展布、煤岩煤质特征、有效盖层厚度和岩性组合等,对煤层气富集具有重要控制作用。本研究根据钻井岩心、录井、测井及前人研究成果,对沁水盆地北部寿阳地区太原组进行了沉积环境及层序地层综合分析,并对15^#煤顶、底板系统的沉积环境及岩相古地理进行精细刻画,总结沉积环境对煤层含气量的控制作用,并进一步划分有利煤储集层沉积相带。寿阳地区太原组下部主要发育浅海陆棚—障壁岛—潟湖沉积体系,上部主要发育三角洲平原沉积体系。太原组沉积时期为1个三级层序尺度的海侵—海退过程,并进一步可划分为6个四级层序(S₁—S₆)。四级层序S₁发育潮坪—潟湖—障壁岛沉积体系,各沉积相与15^#煤含气量关系由好到差依次为潟湖、潮坪、障壁岛;S₂发育障壁岛—潟湖—潮坪—浅海陆棚沉积体系,各沉积相与15^#煤含气量关系由好到差依次为潟湖(灰岩厚)、泥质陆棚、碳酸盐岩陆棚、潟湖、潮坪、障壁岛。根据S₁     

皖西贵池、宿松地区中下三叠统沉积环境及层序分析

摘要：皖西中、下三叠统为一套碳酸盐岩沉积。从下往上,其沉积环境经历了从盆地－开阔陆棚－开阔台地－局限台地－潮上蒸发台地这样一个海水逐渐变浅、盐度不断增高的环境演化序列．据露头剖面分析,这套碳酸盐岩地层可分成３个层序。层序均由低水位、海进和高水位体系域组成,特征明显。据其岩性特征及准层序的叠置方式,识别出了追赶碳酸盐体系（ｃａｔｃｈｕｐｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ）和并进碳酸盐体系（ｋｅｅｐｕｐｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ）。     

黔北西部遵义—大方一带早寒武世层序地层及沉积环境

黔北西部遵义-大方一带早寒武世沉积地层发育完整,中下部以陆源碎屑岩为主,上部则主要为碳酸盐岩。金沙岩孔剖面露头良好,标志清楚,具有多个相对深-浅变化旋回,共划分为5个沉积层序,第一、第二、第四层序及第三层序的高水位体系域为陆源碎屑沉积,第三层序的海侵体系域和第五层序由碳酸盐沉积构成。层序地层格架显示沉积厚度具有西厚东薄的变化特点,各层序的体系域厚度总体上表现为海侵体系域小于高水位体系域。早寒武世沉积环境具有由深变浅的演化特点,总的沉积环境变迁为深水滞流陆棚→广海陆棚→碳酸盐岩缓坡→广海陆棚→浅水滨岸→碳酸盐岩台地。     

燕山地区冀北坳陷中元古界杨庄组沉积特征与层序地层

燕山地区冀北坳陷中元古界蓟县系杨庄组主要为一套碳酸盐岩沉积.通过对该地区野外仔细观察、测量,结合室内薄片资料和地球化学分析,认为该区杨庄组沉积相为碳酸盐岩台地相,可进一步划分碳酸盐岩潮坪亚相以及潮上带、潮间带2种微相.在此基础上,结合层序界面特征,对杨庄组层序进行了探讨,由于研究区在杨庄期处于浅水陆表海沉积环境,层序界面主要以浅水环境的沉积物及沉积构造作为识别标志.沉积体系域以海侵体系域和高位体系域为主,普遍缺少低位体系域或陆棚边缘体系域,同时,也不具备形成凝缩层的环境,以最大海泛面沉积物与深海中的凝缩层相对应,最终划分出1个二级层序和3个三级层序.系统地阐述了每个层序的岩石、构造及体系域等特征.     

塔里木盆地北部一组从碎屑岩到碳酸盐岩的典型层序分析

本文对塔里木盆地北部露头剖面中一组从碎屑岩到碳酸盐岩的典型层序进行了详细的沉积学、古生物学和地球化学研究，系统探讨了该剖面中碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的层序特征，首次发现在具粗碎屑沉积的高能滨岸地带可出现由海进体系城叠置海进体系域的层序叠置方式，这在以前的文献中尚未见报道。对于发育在浅水碳酸盐陆棚背景上的碳酸盐岩层序，各体系域特征明显，易于识别，但在浅水处，密集段不发育。通过对典型层序的详细解剖分析，结合层     

内蒙古固阳渣尔泰山群层序地层学及其控制因素

渣尔泰山群是华北地台北缘中元古代裂陷槽沉积,主要为一套遭受绿片岩相区域变质的碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造。根据岩性、岩相、相序和不整合界面的综合研究,对这套地层进行了详细的层序界面分析和层序划分,识别出Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和暴露-淹没复合型(Ⅲ型)3种类型层序界面,共划分出1个超层序、2个大层序和7个层序。总结了渣尔泰山群在碎屑滨岸、台缘碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混积、碳酸盐台地、台前斜坡和陆棚盆地等不同古地理背景下的层序发育模式及其内部构成特征,并探讨了复合海平面变化、构造活动、沉积物供给、古地形等因素对层序形成和演化的控制作用。     

内蒙古固阳地区渣尔泰山群层序地层学研究

依据现代沉积学及层序地层学的基本原理 ,对渣尔泰山群的沉积特征及层序地层进行分析 ,认为研究区渣尔泰山群由河流沉积体系、碎屑滨岸沉积体系、浅海陆棚沉积体系和浅海碳酸盐沉积体系组成 ;根据岩石组合、沉积旋回、岩相、相序以及地层结构、层序界面等特征 ,在渣尔泰山群内部识别出一个超层序、三个大层序和六个层序 ,其中 SQ1 为 I型层序 ,SQ2 、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5 为 II型层序 ,SQ6为淹没不整合层序。在上述研究的基础上 ,对渣尔泰山群形成时的相对古海平面变化进行了分析 ,对其层序形成时限进行了探讨     

塔里木盆地柯坪露头区寒武-奥陶纪层序构成样式

塔里木盆地柯坪露头区寒武-奥陶系为一套碳酸盐岩为主的地层,由发育在不同沉积背景上的碳酸盐岩组成,包括浅水碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘浅滩和台地边缘生物礁、台地前积斜坡、碳酸盐岩陆棚和盆地等不同相带的碳酸盐岩.这些碳酸盐岩层序由于发育在盆地的不同相带和盆地发育演化的不同阶段,其沉积背景和构造背景明显不同,故控制这些碳酸盐岩层序形成的主导因素也有较大的差异,从而形成了一系列不同特征的碳酸盐岩层序.     

塔里木盆地北部中下奥陶统碳酸盐陆棚—盆地的层序地层分析

露头剖面的层序地层分析是层序地层研究的重要内容之一，本文对塔里木盆地北部一组发育在不同沉积背景上的碳酸盐岩陆棚－盆地的层序，进行了详细的沉积学、古生物学和地球化学研究，系统探讨了层序中各体系域、层序界面和密集段的主要特征，通过对典型层序的分析发现，对于碳酸盐岩，特征明显，体系域易于识别的层序，发育在较浅水的背景上，在深水条件下，体系域较难识别，由此可以推论得到，在很深水的盆地中，多个层序可完全复合     

塔里木盆地北缘阿克苏地区震旦系露头层序地层研究

本文对塔里木盆地北缘阿克苏地区磷矿沟震旦系剖面进行了详细的沉积体系研究。结果表明,该剖面主要发育滨岸沉积体系、碎屑岩潮坪沉积体系和碳酸盐潮坪沉积体系,这几种沉积体系的组合反映了震旦纪阿克苏地区由碎屑岩体系向碳酸盐岩体系的演化过程。在野外露头中共识别出4种不同类型的层序界面:(1)海侵上超层序不整合界面;(2)水进侵蚀冲刷面;(3)岩性、岩相转换面;(4)暴露溶蚀面。在识别出层序界面的基础上对震旦系划分出2个二级层序和5个三级层序。第一超层序SS1包含3个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2和SQ3。第二超层序SS2包含2个三级层序组:SQ4和SQ5。     

Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

The Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation corresponds to a second-order depositional sequence that formed within a continental shelf setting under relatively low-rate conditions of positive accommodation (< 200 m during 3–6 My). This overall trend of base-level rise was interrupted by three episodes of base-level fall that resulted in the formation of third-order sequence boundaries. These boundaries are represented by subaerial unconformities (replaced or not by younger transgressive wave ravinement surfaces), and subdivide the Bahariya Formation into four third-order depositional sequences.

The construction of the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Bahariya Formation is based on the lateral and vertical changes between shelf, subtidal, coastal and fluvial facies, as well as on the nature of contacts that separate them. The internal (third-order) sequence boundaries are associated with incised valleys, which explain (1) significant lateral changes in the thickness of incised valley fill deposits, (2) the absence of third-order highstand and even transgressive systems tracts in particular areas, and (3) the abrupt facies shifts that may occur laterally over relatively short distances. Within each sequence, the concepts of lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts are used to explain the observed lateral and vertical facies variability.

This case study demonstrates the usefulness of sequence stratigraphic analysis in understanding the architecture and stacking patterns of the preserved rock record, and helps to identify 13 stages in the history of base-level changes that marked the evolution of the Bahariya Oasis region during the Early Cenomanian.     

Sequence stratigraphy in a mixed carbonate-silicilastic depositional system (Middle Miocene; Styrian Basin,Austria)

The mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Weißenegg (Allo-) Formation records three depositional sequences corresponding approximately to the TB 2.3, TB 2.4 and TB 2.5 global cycles. Sea-level fluctuations were of the order of at least 30 m. Siliciclastic lowstand systems tracts comprise lignite deposits, reworked basement and tidal siltstones (above a tectonically enhanced sequence boundary) as well as coastal sand bars. Coastal sands of the transgressive systems tract contain distinct layers of well cemented nodules. They are interpreted as the first stage in hardground formation and record superimposed minor sea-level fluctuations. Coral patch reefs and rhodolith platforms developed during transgressive phases and were subsequently drowned and/or suffocated by siliciclastics during early highstand. Shallowing upwards siliciclastic parasequences, each terminated by a bank of rhodolith limestone, form the (late) highstand systems tract. The limestone beds record superimposed fourth-order transgressive pulses. Occasionally a carbonate highstand wedge developed. Lowstand carbonate shedding occurred where the top of a platform which suffered incipient drowning during highstand was near sealevel again during the following lowstand. Late highstand delta progradation is common.     

燕山地区宣龙坳陷中元古界洪水庄组-铁岭组沉积相分析与层序格架的建立

根据野外露头信息的综合分析,结合沉积模式和层序地层学的基本原理,总结了燕山地区宣龙坳陷洪水庄组和铁岭组的沉积相特征和层序地层格架.研究表明,该区洪水庄组-铁岭组沉积时期为一套局限台地潮坪相沉积,垂向上的沉积微相更能敏锐地反映海平面的相对变化.根据对各个层序界面的识别,将洪水庄组划分为1个三级层序DS1,铁岭组划分为2个三级层序DS2和DS3,由海侵体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成,不具有形成凝缩层的环境.根据研究区各时期沉积环境与层序地层的特点,建立了符合研究区洪水庄组和铁岭组的沉积模式,初步探讨了研究区所经历的沉积演化过程.     

The carbonate—clastic cycles of the East-Alpine Raibl group: Result of third-order sea-level fluctuations in the Carnian

The Carnian Raibl group of the Eastern Alps consists of three 50–100 m thick, alternating carbonate and clastic third-order cycles, each of which can be traced for hundreds of kilometers. Tectono-eustatic sea-level fluctuations of a few tens of metres, spanning a few millions of years, are the driving mechanism of this cyclicity. The carbonate intervals represent restricted marginal marine, tidal and evaporitic environments. The clastic intervals represent inner and outer shelf facies, and are related to the fluviatile “Schilfsandstein” of the Germanic facies belt. In the Raibl group, contrary to other carbonate/clastic depositional settings, relative sea-level lowstands are dominated by carbonate production, and highstands are dominated by clastic deposition.

Each of the three Raibl cycles corresponds to a type-2 sequence, containing shelf margin, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. During sea-level lowstands, deltaic point sources were near the shelf margin, allowing clastics to bypass the carbonate platform. This setting corresponds to a shelf margin systems tract. Transgressive and highstand systems tracts developed during the subsequent sea-level rise, as deltaic clastics were reworked and redistributed over the carbonate platform, and the deltas retrograded to the inner shelf. The highstand systems tracts are capped by a type 2 sequence boundary, which is conformable in the study area. The systems tracts can be further subdivided into shallowing upward subcycles, caused by fourth-order sea-level fluctuations, believed to represent Milankovitch rhythms.

The middle Raibl cycle is consistently thinner, and may represent a shorter termed, third-order sea-level fluctuation. Our data also corroborate a second-order transgressive trend for the Carnian.     

冀西北下马岭组沉积层序分析及生油层

冀西北下马岭组构成了一个完整的沉积旋回,在这个陆棚沉积层序中,可划分为海侵体系域与高水位体系域,两者之间的黑色页岩、硅质泥岩及油页岩是本区油苗的生油层。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组层序地层格架研究——兼论陆表海沉积作用和早期成岩作用对相对海平面变化的响应

在论述马家沟组三级层序地层成因的基础上,重新厘定了鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组层序地层格架。马家沟组马一段至马五段划分为4个三级层序,除了Sq1为Ⅰ型层序之外,Sq2、Sq3、Sq4都是Ⅱ型层序。在陆架内Sq1和Sq4由TST和HST构成;Sq2、Sq3由TST、HST和ISLST构成。TST以正常盐度浅海中形成的生物灰岩和泥晶灰岩为特征,HST以准同生期近地表的略为咸化海水成因的泥晶—细粉晶白云岩为特征,陆架内低水位体系域(ISLST)由陆架内盐湖形成的巨厚的蒸发岩系构成。ISLST和HST在空间分布上和成因上是密切相关的,ISLST置于Ⅱ型层序的顶部或者近顶部比较合理。传统的层序地层学将层序界面置于高水位体系域与低水位体系域之间,在此建议将层序界面置于低水位体系域与海侵体系域之间的海侵面。编制了层序3的海侵体系域、高水位体系域、低水位体系域全盆地层序古地理略图。     

Sequence stratigraphy of coal‐bearing,high‐energy clastic units: The Maitland‐Cessnock‐Greta Coalfield and Cranky Corner Basin

Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian sedimentary rocks extend along the periphery of the northern Sydney Basin, a sub‐basin of the Sydney‐Gunnedah‐Bowen Basin complex. The basin contains basal basalts and volcanic sediments deposited in a nascent rift zone. This rift zone was created through crustal thinning during trench rollback on the eastern edge of the New England Orogen. Thermal subsidence created accommodation for predominantly marine Dalwood Group sediments. Clastic sedimentation then occurred in the Maitland‐Cessnock‐Greta Coalfield and Cranky Corner Basin during the Early Permian. This occurred on a broad shelf undergoing renewed thermal subsidence on the margin of a rift flank of the Tamworth Belt of the southern New England Orogen. Braidplain fans prograded or aggraded in two depositional sequences. The first sequence commences near the top of the Farley Formation and includes part of the Greta Coal Measures, while the second sequence includes the majority of the Greta Coal Measures and basal Branxton Formation. Thin, areally restricted mires formed during interludes in a high sedimentation regime in the lowstand systems tracts. As base‐level rose, areally extensive mires developed on the transgressive surface of both sequences. A paludal to estuarine facies changed to a shallow‐marine facies as the braidplain was transgressed. The transgressive systems tracts continued to develop with rising relative sea‐level. Renewed uplift in the hinterland resulted in the erosion of part of the transgressive systems tract and all of the highstand systems tract of the lower sequence. In the upper sequence a reduction in relative sea‐level rise saw the development of a deltaic to nearshore shelf highstand systems tract. Extensional dynamics caused a fall in relative base‐level and the development of a sequence boundary in the Branxton Formation. Finally, renewed thermal subsidence created accommodation for the overlying, predominantly marine Maitland Group.     

辽西凌源地区雾迷山组沉积特征与层序地层

依据野外露头等资料,对辽西凌源地区雾迷山组地层进行了详细的沉积相分析,按陆表海潮汐作用将雾迷山组沉积环境分为潮上、潮间和潮下3个相带,建立了雾迷山组的沉积模式。在沉积相研究的基础上,结合层序界面特征,对雾迷山组层序进行了探讨,划分出4个二级层序和22个三级层序,系统地阐述了每个层序的岩石、构造及体系域等特征。层序界面主要以浅水环境(特别是含暴露标志)的沉积物及沉积构造作为识别标志,其中SQ1为Ⅰ型层序,Ⅱ型层序则较为发育,SQ2-SQ22都为Ⅱ型层序。研究区雾迷山期处于浅水陆表海沉积环境,沉积体系域以海进体系域和高水位体系域为主,普遍缺少低水位体系域或陆棚边缘体系域,同时,也不具备形成凝缩层的环境,以最大海泛面沉积物与深海中的凝缩层相对应。