支持地图自适应可视化的用户模型设计及试验研究

对网络电子地图的自适应可视化机制进行了研究,建立了自适应地图可视化系统的自适应用户模型、自适应的数据组织和自适应结构.试验系统主要根据"用图目的"对用户进行划分,建立用户模型;利用地图瓦片技术和背景与热点集成技术,实现了地图瓦片的自适应数据组织以及用户模型支持下的地图自适应可视化等基本功能.     

基于增强现实技术的纸质地图增强表达与交互

近年来随着计算机技术的发展,特别是增强现实技术的出现,使纸质地图的“增强”表达和交互分析成为可能。文章探讨了基于增强现实技术的纸质地图增强表达与交互分析流程方法,认为纸质地图增强表达和交互功能的关键技术在于：纸质地图标识的计算机识别,增强地图的空间匹配方法,增强地图的显示和交互方法;同时通过实验研发了原型系统并予以实现。利用增强现实技术扩展了纸质地图的可视化表达方法,把丰富的地理信息和纸质地图结合起来,打破了传统地图可视化的静态表现形式,提供了丰富的人机交互方式,能增强人对地理信息的多维动态感知能力,也增强补充了地图对现实世界的描述。     

地理信息可视化中的二元方法论

作为一种方法论的探索,以二元分析为基本方法,初步探讨和形成了地理信息可视化二元概念模型 ,力求构建一个简单的、易于被人们理解和接受的地理信息可视化理论框架。文章首先从地理学、语言学、哲学等方面阐述了二元方法论的理论基础,然后以符号语言学为范式,从地理信息可视化的所指与能指两个方面展开,阐述地理信息可视化二元方法论的主要内容;最后得出结论。研究表明:①地理信息具有二元性,它包括时间与空间二元 、瞬时与历时二元、空间几何与空间属性二元、定性与定量二元;②地图设计也具有二元性,它们是地图整体样式与个体符号二元、符号外观与内在二元、形状与尺寸二元、色彩与纹理二元。     

地理信息系统可视化专题制图要素分级探讨

本文以地理信息系统(GIS)可视化效果为目标,以制图信息理论为指导,根据专题地图分级表示方法的特点,在分级定量标准和分级方法两个方面,探讨了GIS可视化专题制图要素的分级问题。文章首先确定以地图分级信息量来测度GIS可视化效果,在通用地图综台信息量计算公式的基础上,拟定了计算“制图要素分级信息量”的新公式;井针对现有数列、级数分级方法的不足,提出了“分段数列、级数分级”方法。然后,以薪公式为分级定量标准和寻优目标,应用分段数列、级数分级方法进行了试验研究;并与传统分级定量标准和分级方法进行对比分析。结果表明,本文所获取的优化分级方案具有较好的可视化效果。     

Maplnfo在1：50000数据库更新中的应用

Maplnfo是美国Maplnfo公司的桌面地理信息系统软件,是一种数据可视化、信息地图化的桌面解决方案。它依据地图及其应用的概念、采用办公自动化的操作、集成多种数据库数据、融合计算机地图方法、使用地理数据库技术、加入了地理信息系统分析功能,形成了极具实用价值的、可以为各行各业所用的大众化小型软件系统。     

地学知识可视化概念特征与研究进展

地学知识可视化是将知识可视化研究的理论、技术、方法引入地学研究领域,形成一个新的研究方向。通过分析地学知识可视化国内外研究现状,在总结其研究特点的基础上,对地学知识可视化的定义进行阐述,讨论其概念特征、理论基础以及表达方法,并对其应用研究现状与发展趋势进行概括总结。     

空间移动问卷调查方法研究

目前的问卷调查方法不关注空间地理信息,向决策者提供的信息多数为简单的统计分析结果,不能充分挖掘问卷中隐含的信息。该文提出了空间移动问卷调查方法,将每个"问卷"样本看做融"空间、时间、属性"于一体的"空间对象",通过引入GIS地图,将所有问卷样本进行空间可视化表达,并通过空间数据探索分析进一步揭示问卷属性信息背后潜藏的与社会、经济、人文等诸多因素相关的空间地理特征信息,也可针对问卷中的属性信息进行深入空间化研究。以空间问卷调查系统为例,以Android操作系统为平台,在客户端、用户操作流程、功能模块方面进行了构架。初步应用表明,该系统不仅丰富了问卷调查的内容,也为问卷调查工作的数字化、智能化、空间可视化提供了重要参考,但在系统的灵活性和实用性方面仍需强化。     

基于POI数据的城市土地利用和功能分区--以“城市内部空间结构”教学为例

基于POI数据的可视化教学,能够使教学内容直观明了。本文使用Python编程爬取高德地图POI兴趣点和安居客小区房价数据,结合ArcGIS软件平台,运用地理信息技术分析城市内部空间结构,并通过课堂教学呈现,以期为教师使用地理信息技术融合大数据与学科教学提供参考。     

基于多元数据的服务业区位因素分析 ——以"疫情防控指定口罩投放药店"为例

多元大数据相结合的可视化教学,能够使教学内容直观明了.本文使用Python技术,通过百度地图开放的API爬取西宁市疫情期间口罩投放药店POI兴趣点,结合经ArcGIS可视化后的百度人口热力图数据、交通路线数据、房价数据等,运用地理信息技术分析"服务业区位因素",并运用所学知识解决药店布点中出现的问题.     

移动地图的自适应模型研究

作为一种新的电子地图应用模式,移动地图的制图模型和应用模式都不同于其他类型的地图。在分析移动地图特点的基础上给出移动地图自适应要素的数据模型与组件结构,将自适应要素划分为时空要素、操作要素、技术要素、信息要素、用户要素以及使用环境要素等。移动地图自适应模型的研究可以指导移动地图的设计,实现其服务的个性化和智能化。     

Cartographic Visualization: An Assessment and Epistemological Review*

This article examines the concept of cartographic visualization. The value of cartographic visualization as an essential component in the study of geographic phenomena is discussed. Ontological and epistemological perspectives are addressed, with examinations of positivist, realist, postmodern, feminist, and anarchist approaches to visualization. Critiques of cartographic visualization from social theorists and quantitative positivists are presented. The author asserts that cartographic visualization is not restricted to any one particular epistemological framework but may combine methods of knowledge production. For comprehensive analysis of spatial data, cartographic visualization must be included along with other qualitative and quantitative analysis.     

环境信息科学可视化表达与交互研究

灵活的科学可视化表达与交互手段能有效地展示隐藏在数据背后的空间特性及空间关系.在分析科学可视化概念和特点的基础上,探讨其在动态环境信息表达、环境信息可视化交互探索分析方面的应用,并以江苏省城市空气质量评价专题为例,采用ArcGIS Server基础平台,利用rich internet application(RIA)技术,对Web环境下环境信息的科学可视化进行实例研究.     

国家经济地图集的设计和制图可视化的方法技术

国家经济地图集是第一部全面,系统反映我国当前经济社会发展面貌和空间分布的大型科学参考地图集,它的编制是一项重大的制图系统工程,本文简要地阐述了图集编制研究的主要方面,包括从分析我国经济社会发展和现状出发,确定图集设计总体目标,为科学和形象地表达我国经济社会特征,而采用的可视化方法技术,以及智能化的计算机制图系统在图集制中的应用。     

Methods for visualizing the explosive remnants of war

This study aimed to answer the question how cartography can help decision makers visualize the problem of contamination by explosive remnants of war (ERW). We thus explored a set of six cartographic visualization methods and systematically evaluated their usefulness with respect to four categories of stakeholders in the humanitarian demining process (i.e., database administrators, operations officers, directors of national mine action authorities, and donors) at four geographical scales, ranging from municipal to global. The main application of our work is for stakeholders involved in humanitarian demining. We provide them with a comprehensive framework for visualizing ERW hazards at the geographical scale at which they have to make decisions, as well as customized cartographic visualization tools and recommendations to help them make informed decisions. For example, we provide potential donors with a method for obtaining a global overview of ERW contamination while remaining aware of regional variation and hot spots. We also enhance cartographic visualization capabilities using traditional kernel density estimation by customizing key parameters. Specifically, we propose a method for adjusting kernel bandwidth for datasets with highly heterogeneous spatial distributions and a method for generating kernel surfaces from polygon data that consists of infilling the polygons with points before using them as inputs in the kernel density estimation.     

Classification and Application of Cartographic Animation

The development of a definition and classification scheme for cartographic animation is now warranted, since focus on the visualization method increased during the 1990s. This article offers a comprehensive definition of animation, distinguishing between animation, slide shows, multimedia, and hypermedia. In addition, a classification system identifies and offers specific characteristics for four different methods or types of cartographic animation: time, areal, thematic, and process.     

Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business,Democracy, and Everyday Life

While linguistic diversity is an integral component of cultural landscapes, the spatial depiction of languages fails to represent all community members. Language is difficult to map and established guidelines are lacking. The perception of power conveyed is arguably the most meaningful design issue in language mapping, as most language maps inaccurately show one language per place. This research examines the cartographic visualization of linguistic diversity, contributing to our understanding of the perception of power through cartographic decisions, with the application of a linguistic diversity index. The resulting maps serve as new figures for linguistic diversity lessons in educational contexts.     

Map spatial cognition research and spatial information visualization

Along with the advances in computer sciences in recent years, visualization has been developed to embrace new functions. The electronic map in a spatial information visualization system is an electronic tool of human spatial cognition and has more advantages in supporting human spatial cognition than a printed map. Investigations on the ability of human spatial cognition are increasingly drawing attention of cartographers. In this background, map spatial cognition research is attached importance to cartographers again. Cognition-based visualization systems are intelligent systems that serve human spatial cognition efficiently. Developing adaptive multi-perspective visualization systems of spatial information as one kind of these systems is a main goal of our research. This paper discusses the necessity and the characteristics of map spatial cognition research. The cognitive issues involved in spatial information visualization and major contents of cognitive research in the design of adaptive visualization system are presented. Finally, the experimental methods of electronic map visual cognition are introduced.     

一种新的邻近点间相互作用大小的可视化方法

在分析空间相互作用理论及其可视化方法的基础上,针对现有的空间相互作用大小可视化方法的不足,提出一种邻近点间相互作用大小的可视化方法.该方法以可视化理论为基础,利用断裂点的特性确定可视化结果的大小,通过建立可视化规则优化可视化效果,实现了邻近点间相互作用大小的二维可视化,可有效地观察与分析空间实体间的相互作用大小.实例表明,该方法简单易行,有利于总体和个体的空间相互作用大小的比较,具有较强的直观性和可比性.     

A spatially adaptive decomposition approach for parallel vector data visualization of polylines and polygons

With the wide adoption of big spatial data and the emergence of CyberGIS, the nontrivial computational intensity introduced by massive amount of data poses great challenges to the performance of vector map visualization. The parallel computing technologies provide promising solutions to such problems. Evenly decomposing the visualization task into multiple subtasks is one of the key issues in parallel visualization of vector data. This study focuses on the decomposition of polyline and polygon data for parallel visualization. Two key factors impacting the computational intensity were identified: the number of features and the number of vertices of each feature. The computational intensity transform functions (CITFs) were constructed based on the linear relationships between the factors and the computing time. The computational intensity grid (CIG) can then be constructed using the CITFs to represent the spatial distribution of computational intensity. A noninterlaced continuous space-filling curve is used to group the lattices of CIG into multiple sub-domains such that each sub-domain entails the same amount of computational intensity as others. The experiments demonstrated that the approach proposed in this paper was able to effectively estimate and spatially represent the computational intensity of visualizing polylines and polygons. Compared with the regular domain decomposition methods, the new approach generated much more balanced decomposition of computational intensity for parallel visualization and achieved near-linear speedups, especially when the data is greatly heterogeneously distributed in space.     

地表空间水文过程三维可视化试验——以浙江黄土岭流域为例

地表空间水文过程涉及三维地理空间和一维时间,对其进行三维动态交互显示便于认知主体对水文过程形成正确的认识。本文以浙江黄土岭流域为试验区,结合地理信息系统和计算机图形学的方法和技术探究了流域空间水文过程的动态交互显示方法。利用OpenGL的三维建模和图像渲染功能表现三维的水文过程,其中双缓冲技术保障了水文过程时间变化的展示。探讨了表面建模,地形着色处理,光照法线计算,水体透明处理,时相水文数据处理及交互参数输入等方法,并建立了地表空间水文过程的显示系统。通过系统的运行表明,该系统能逼真地显示不同高程连续水体的三维动态变化。