沉积物物源组成的定量估计方法

混合源沉积物中,各种物源物质的成分及其百分含量是地质研究的重要基础信息.本文提出用成分数据统计分析算法,分析处理沉积物样品的地球化学数据,定量提取沉积物中各物源端元的平均化学成分及其百分含量;将该方法用于已知端元成分和端元含量的实验样品数据,计算结果与实际非常吻合;将该方法用于某海区实测沉积物地球化学数据,成功地分离出了陆源、火山源、生物源物质成分和含量.该方法也适合于岩石学、环境污染研究等领域.     

峨眉地幔柱轴部的榴辉岩-地幔岩源区:主元素、痕量元素及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素证据

峨眉山大陆溢流玄武岩(ECFB)的西南部以丽江、大理和攀枝花三角区为中心的苦橄岩分布区,面积约5×10 4 km2 ,为峨眉地幔柱的轴部区。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素和痕量元素研究表明,大部分火山岩样品落在洋岛火山岩成分范围内,并存在类似FOZO、HIMU和EM - 的三个端元。这说明它们是在地幔柱轴部,由地幔岩和榴辉岩(古玄武质洋壳)组成的源区产生的岩浆形成的。岩浆源区再循环玄武质洋壳的存在可能是该区超大型钒钛磁铁矿床形成的根本原因。少部分分布在洋岛火山岩成分范围之外的样品,一部分属于地幔柱岩浆与地壳混染产物,另一部分低Ti岩石可能与岩石圈反应有关。地幔端元的地球化学特征如下:FOZO端元以白林山苦橄玄武岩(YB-0 1)为代表,低87Sr/86 Sr(0 .70 36 ) ,高1 43Nd/1 44 Nd(0 .5 12 7) ,中等2 0 6 Pb/2 0 7Pb(18.5 6 93) ;Nb/U =36 .6 7,Th/Nb =0 .0 82 ,L a/Nb=0 .91,Zr/Nb=6 .2 3。HIMU端元以丽江苦橄岩(JL - 2 9)为代表,高2 0 6 Pb/2 0 4 Pb(2 0 .6 4 12 )和2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb(15 .74 89) ,低87Sr/86 Sr(0 .70 4 8)。EM - 端元包括两部分:1以二滩苦橄岩-玄武岩(R- 1、3、5、8)为代表,高87Sr/86 Sr(0 .70 73) ,低1 43Nd/1 44 Nd(0 .5 12 3) ,低2 0 6 Pb/2 0 4 Pb(17.996 8)和2 0 8Pb/2 0 4 Pb(37.94 5 0 )     

北京怀柔地区白云岩蚀变过程中的元素含量两端元混合模型

蚀变岩是研究热液成矿作用的重要对象。北京怀柔杨树底下金矿区白云岩蚀变特征清晰,选择矿区一条白云岩蚀变剖面开展元素地球化学特征研究。在蚀变剖面两端采集白云岩样品2件,剖面中部采集不同蚀变程度的蚀变岩样品2件,针对剖面中的石英脉采集样品2件,分析6件样品的11项主量元素(或氧化物)和39项微量元素的含量。测试结果表明位于剖面两端的2件白云岩样品具有相似的化学组成,2件邻近的石英脉样品的元素含量也相一致,而2件不同蚀变程度的蚀变岩的化学组成存在显著差异。基于两端元混合模型,首先确定白云岩和石英脉两个端元的化学组成,进而依据11项主量成分分别采用正比例函数法和坪台法计算两端元的混合比例。结果显示正比例函数法计算结果受元素含量单位影响显著,即具有拟合结果受最大值控制的技术缺陷,而坪台法采用元素比值的中位值克服了正比例函数法的技术缺陷。基于坪台法计算的端元混合比例,分别计算2件蚀变岩样品中39项微量元素的理论含量值,结果表明在可靠的测试数据基础上微量元素的理论计算值与实测值在实验误差范围内相一致,说明两端元混合模型可以很好地刻画杨树底下金矿区白云岩蚀变产物的地球化学特征。研究结果这为揭示该区白云岩蚀变的形成机制提供了地球化学依据。     

两元混合天然气定量研究新方法

确定端元气混合比例是混源气定量研究的主要内容。以两元混合天然气为例,首先要分析混源成藏的地质条件,以确定可能的气源岩;然后根据源岩生气模拟实验与实测数据,建立端元气与混源气的地球化学模型,确定混源气的混合比例与源岩成熟度;最后将结果用于混源成藏过程分析,提出混源成藏的地球化学机制。鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气为上古生界煤成气和下古生界油型气混源气。从混源气藏形成的地质条件和地质过程着手,利用天然气中甲、乙烷百分组成和碳同位素组成,建立了混合比例估算模型,并绘制了估算图版。对靖边等气田13个天然气样品进行研究,发现混源气混合比变化很大。除去全为煤成气(陕21井)和全为油型气(陕5井)的两个样品之外,11个样品上古生界煤成气和下古生界油型气比例分布分别为22%～84%和16%～78%。但总体以下古生界油型气为主,平均所占比例63.2%,说明鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气以下古生界自生油型气为主。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北缘地球化学大数据样本优选分析

众所周知,地球化学数据携带有众多地质噪音,这些噪音严重影响地球化学数据信息的客观性与可靠性;对于地球化学大数据融合分析而言,确定样品的有效性及变量优选是滤除地质噪音、建立最优样本集合的必要性工作,因而在地球化学大数据处理分析前需首先进行大样本优选,从而更加客观、真实的揭示地球化学大数据信息及相关地质意义。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘1∶20万地球化学土壤测量数据为例,考虑元素之间的地球化学亲和力与组合匹配关系,建立非线性大样本优选模型。具体做法是基于优选后的样品矩阵,将39个元素变量分解成若干独立因子向量,将最优独立因子向量作为元素组合,其向量各分量作为元素变量的权重,依权重大小进行变量优选;优选后的样本集合可以作为该区地球化学数据分析与信息识别的有效地学信息集合,运用这种集合可以有效开展鄂尔多斯盆地外围铀地球化学分析,并为盆地铀资源预测奠定基础。     

我国主要覆盖区土壤地球化学标准物质的研制

覆盖区1∶25万多目标地球化学调查作为我国新一轮地质大调查的重要组成部分正在全国逐步展开.研制的覆盖区7个土壤系列地球化学标准物质,主要用作该地球化学调查样品分析的量值和质量监控标准.由全国14个水平较高的研究院所和中心实验室参加测试,采用16种不同原理的方法分析,共取得了5200多个平均值数据,定值了72种元素和成分,定为标准值的计65种元素和成分.多数元素定值的相对不确定度<5%.     

主成分分析在地质样品分类与浓度预测中的应用研究

用主成分分析方法研究地质样品的Ｘ荧光光谱强度与浓度的关系,对未知样分类并预测样品浓度。对标准化后的数据计算各样品的主成分得分,根据得分分布图可快速分类样品。对训练样品作主成分回归分析,建立降维的主成分回归模型,用主元回归预测各组分浓度,效果好于多元回归分析方法。     

硫同位素地质标准的变动及换算

在硫同位素地质研完工作中,样品的硫同位素组成,习惯上用下式表示:各S”4样品=(S”毛/S”2样品一S”‘/5 32标准 S”4/532标准)·10,编 1962年举行的“硫同位素生物地球化学国际科学讨论会”上,决定把美国亚利桑纳州Canyon Diabl。陨石中的陨硫铁(缩写CDT)作为国际统一标准样品,其硫同位素组成为: 乙S之己T=0 .0筋,532/53‘=22.220,53‘/S’“=0.0450045。 1977年8月,中国科学院同位素地质考察组从加拿大获得少量CDT样品。次年1月,全国硫同位素地质标准样品测试会议对CDT进行了测试,决定从同年2月1日起,全国各硫同位素地质实验室统…     

求解大样本核主成分分析模型的Lanczos算法

求解核主成分分析模型的技术关键是确定核矩阵端部的较大特征对。把求解大规模对称矩阵端部特征对问题的基本方法--Lanczos算法应用于核主成分分析模型的求解,设计了大样本核主成分分析模型求解的实用算法。在clapack和nu TRLan两个软件包的基础上,开发了大样本核主成分分析模型求解算法的VC++程序。用高光谱遥感图像数据进行模型求解算法的应用试验研究,证明了大样本核主成分分析模型求解算法的实用性。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中石榴石特征及种类鉴定

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的石榴石一直被当作镁铝榴石。为了确定矿区颜色复杂的石榴石种类,本文对矿区的石榴石进行了系统的采样分析,测定了112件石榴石样品的晶胞参数、50件样品的微区化学成分和40件样品的红外光谱。利用石榴石晶胞参数、红外光谱、化学成分和化学分子式方法对矿区石榴石进行分类,结果显示:晶胞参数分类法误差大,容易得出错误结论;红外图谱分类法准确度不高,只能作为参考方法;化学成分分类法太过笼统,达不到详细划分石榴石种类的目的;化学分子式分类法可把矿区的石榴石详细划分6个矿种:镁钙铁-铝铬铁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬铁榴石、镁钙铁-铝铬榴石、镁钙-铝铬铁镁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬榴石、镁铁钙-铝铁铬榴石,每种石榴石都充分反映了A、B离子的种类及占位特征,是4种分类方法中最为科学的方法。研究认为瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中石榴石A端元成分以Mg²⁺离子占位为主;B端元成分以Al³⁺离子占位为主。由于阳离子替代普遍,A、B端元成分复杂,瓦房店金伯利岩中不存在单纯意义上的镁铝榴石。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861