Phytoplankton in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas: Distribution, dynamics, and environmental forcing

Time-series of remotely sensed distributions of phytoplankton, sea ice, surface temperature, albedo, and clouds were examined to evaluate the variability of environmental conditions and physical forcing affecting phytoplankton in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. Large-scale distributions of these parameters were studied for the first time using weekly and monthly composites from April 1998 to September 2002. The basic data set used in this study are phytoplankton pigment concentrations derived from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), ice concentrations obtained from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and surface temperature, cloud cover, and albedo derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Seasonal variation of ice cover was observed to be the dominant environmental factor as the ice-edge blooms followed the retreating marginal ice zones northward. Blooms were most prominent in the southwestern Chukchi Sea, and were especially persistent immediately north of the Bering Strait in nutrient-rich Anadyr Water and in some fronts. Chlorophyll concentrations are shown to increase from a nominal value during the onset of melt in April to a maximum value in mid-spring or summer depending on location. Large interannual variability of ice cover and phytoplankton distributions was observed with the year 1998 being uniquely associated with an early season occurrence of a massive bloom. This is postulated to be caused in part by a rapid response of phytoplankton to an early retreat of the sea-ice cover in the Beaufort Sea region. Correlation analyses showed relatively high negative correlation between chlorophyll and ice concentration with the correlation being highest in May, the correlation coefficient being −0.45. 1998 was also the warmest in the 5 years globally and the sea-ice cover was least extensive in the Beaufort/Chukchi Sea region, partly because of the 1997–1998 El Niño. Strong correlations were noted between ice extent and surface temperature, the correlation coefficient being highest at −0.79 in April, during the onset of the bloom period.     

广西防城港玉石滩滨螺的分布和数量初步调查

报道了广西防城港港口区旅游海区玉石滩硬相潮间带的4种滨螺,包括粗糙滨螺Littorina scabra、波纹滨螺Littorina undulate、塔结节滨螺Nodilittorina pyramidalis pyramidalis和粒结节滨螺Nodilittorina millegrana,并对其中3种的数量、分布、周年变化、个体大小等方面进行研究。其中塔结节滨螺为潮上带的优势种,而粗糙滨螺为高潮带的优势种;分布于高潮带的滨螺个体明显较潮上带的大。     

中国鱼类名录Ⅻ--鳚亚目、(鱼衔)亚目、喉盘鱼亚目、鰕虎鱼亚目、微体鱼亚目、刺尾鱼亚目、带鱼亚目、鲭亚目、鲳亚目、金枪鱼亚目、攀鲈亚目、刺鳅亚目

鳚亚目 4 科 33 属 95 种，鰕虎鱼亚目 5 科 98 属 259 种，刺尾鱼亚目 5 科 11 属 65 种，鲈形目 19亚目 104 科 535 属 1799 种。     

台湾海峡中、北部海区1998年2～3月声速的分布特征

根据台湾海峡中、北部海区 1998年 2～ 3月实测的温、盐资料计算得出的声速 ,分析了该海区存在的几种主要类型的声速垂直分布状况以及声速垂直分布和平面分布的一些重要特征。     

微塑料在海洋中的分布、生态效应及载体作用

微塑料通常被定义为最大尺寸小于5 mm的塑料碎片.受人类活动的影响,微塑料在海洋环境中广泛存在,引起了人们对其潜在影响的关注.由于粒径较小,微塑料可以通过多种途径进入水生生物体内,沿着食物链迁移、传递,影响海洋生态系统的健康与稳定.在海洋中长期停留的微塑料会吸附环境中的重金属、有机污染物和微生物等,加剧微塑料对海洋生物的毒性作用.本文综述了海洋环境中微塑料的污染特征,微塑料对海洋生物行为、生理等的影响,以及微塑料与微生物、其他污染物的相互作用和复合效应,并对微塑料对海洋环境及生物影响的研究进行了展望.     

新近纪深海大洋红层的分布分类及成因

新近纪大洋红层是一种在氧化条件下形成的红色-粉色-棕色海洋沉积物.白垩纪大洋红层研究成果众多,然而新近纪大洋红层研究缺乏系统的分析和总结.本文以新近纪大洋红层为研究对象,通过对全球大洋钻探井位资料的分析,发现39个钻井含有新近纪大洋红层.通过对不同大洋区域、不同钻井内93个红层离散样品的主量元素CaO,Al2O3和Si...     

河北南堡-曹妃甸海域潜在的浅表灾害地质类型及特征

利用2~7kHz浅地层剖面探测、多波束、单波束水深数据以及侧扫声纳勘测影像等地质地球物理实测数据,分析研究了河北南堡-曹妃甸海域各种潜在的地质灾害类型,编制了该海域的灾害地质图与海底地貌图。并在前人对海岸带灾害地质类型分类的基础上,对该海域的潜在的灾害地质类型进行了分类。对海底浅层气、活动沙波、海底侵蚀、活动断裂、埋藏斜层、陡坡、陡坎以及沟槽等与近海海洋工程密切相关的灾害类型的空间分布特征深入研究。研究结果显示:调查区海域的潜在地质灾害因素分布较为集中,多发育在缓斜的水下侵蚀堆积岸坡与陡斜的水下侵蚀岸坡分界线附近,浅层气,陡坡陡坎以及沟槽都有发育;在陆架侵蚀洼地区,发育有较大规模的沟槽,海底侵蚀现象也是较为普遍;调查区其他海域,灾害类型较少,局部发育有活动沙波和埋藏斜层等。     

中国鱼类名录Ⅺ--隆头鱼亚目、尤鰧鱼亚目、绵鳚亚目、玉筋鱼亚目

隆头鱼亚目5科63属316种，鰧鱼亚目8科19属53种，绵鳚亚日3科7属8种，玉筋鱼亚目1科3属3种。     

湛江徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚的物种多样性和分布研究

2004年8月对湛江徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚资源进行调查,共采得柳珊瑚16种,分别属于7科14属;基本查清该海区柳珊瑚的分布状况。根据柳珊瑚群体颜色及骨针的形态学特征,系统阐述徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚的系统分类关系,第一次系统研究了徐闻柳珊瑚的资源状况。结合国际上最新的柳珊瑚分类系统,对国内原有的形态分类系统作出了更新和改进,这将有助于国际上认同和了解中国柳珊瑚资源情况。研究发现了1个新记录科、4个新记录属和1个新记录种。等柳珊瑚科Parisididae为新记录科,Parisis、Paraplexaura、Villogorgia、Dichotella为新记录属,鞭柳珊瑚Ellisella maculataStuder,1878,为新记录种。     

Spatial and temporal variation of Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon elegans, and Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Caridea) in the southern Black Sea

In order to characterize the seasonal, bathymetric, and spatial distribution of the species, Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon elegans, and Crangon crangon, shrimps were sampled with a beam trawl in four stations at depths between 1 and 30 m from February 2002 to January 2004 on the Sinop Peninsula coasts of the southern Black Sea. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results demonstrated that the caridean composition was significantly different (p < 0.001) between seasons and between sampling areas. No significant relationship of the caridean composition was evident between depth zones ranging from 1 to 30 m. These three carideans occurred together in 28.5% of the sampling occasions. Different seasonal migration pattern was evident for all the three species. Palaemon adspersus migrated inshore during relatively higher water temperatures, whereas C. crangon density decreased in the shallow waters during the same period, and P. elegans population was mostly observed at depth zones of 5–10 m and was only observed in the 30 m depth zone in winter. The abiotic factors that characterize the coexistence of these three carideans were primarily determined by the habitat types and bottom structures.     

Spatial, temporal and diel variations of fish assemblages at two sandy beaches in the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Fish assemblages from two beaches, one in the inner and the other in the outer Sepetiba Bay (latitude: 22°54′–23°04′S; longitude: 43°34′–44°10′W), Southeast Brazil, were sampled by beach seine net, simultaneously, on both seasonal and diel scales, between August 1998 and June 1999. Sites were selected to encompass different environmental conditions which reflect the two bay zones, thus providing a comprehensive assessment of the factors influencing surf zone fish assemblages, and their spatial, seasonal and diel variations. A total of 55 fish species was recorded, mostly young-of-the-year. Anchoa tricolor, Micropogonias furnieri, Gerres aprion, Diapterus rhombeus, Harengula clupeola, Atherinella brasiliensis and Mugil liza were numerically dominant and contributed to 95.2% of the total fish catches. Strong differences in fish assemblages were observed between the two areas, with higher number of species in the outer bay. Increases in fish numbers occurred in winter, while the highest biomass occurred in winter and summer. Transparency, followed by salinity, was responsible for most of the spatial variability and played an important role in structuring fish assemblages. Overall, diel patterns did not reveal any significant trends; however, if we consider each season separately, an increase in fish numbers during the day with peak at sunset was observed in winter, and a higher biomass occurred at night in winter and summer. Species preferences for various combinations of environmental variables are responsible for shifts in the structure and overall abundance of assemblages and dictated some patterns. The sciaenid M. furnieri, the second most abundant species, occurred only in the inner zone, being more abundant in winter. The species of Engraulidae were more abundant in the outer zone in winter/spring during the day. The gerreids G. aprion and D. rhombeus occurred mainly in summer. Overall, temporal fluctuations act more at a specific level than at a structural one, and may be linked to some particular stages of the fish life cycle, but do not significantly influence the spatial organization.     

厦门岛岩相潮间带生物种类组成与数量分布

本文报道了厦门岛岩相潮间带生物２７６种，其中藻类、软体动物和其他动物占总数的６５．２１％，夏季和冬季平均生物量为１３６５．０９ｇ／ｍ＾２，平均栖息密度为３１１０个／ｍ＾２。生物量以甲壳动物居首位，软体运动居第二位；栖息密度以本动物居首位，甲壳动物占第二位。     

Sediment distribution and transport along a rocky, embayed coast: Monterey Peninsula and Carmel Bay, California

Field measurements of beach morphology and sedimentology were made along the Monterey Peninsula and Carmel Bay, California, in the spring and summer of 1997. These data were combined with low-altitude aerial imagery, high-resolution bathymetry, and local geology to understand how coastal geomorphology, lithology, and tectonics influence the distribution and transport of littoral sediment in the nearshore and inner shelf along a rocky shoreline over the course of decades. Three primary modes of sediment distribution in the nearshore and on the inner shelf off the Monterey Peninsula and in Carmel Bay were observed. Along stretches of the study area that were exposed to the dominant wave direction, sediment has accumulated in shore-normal bathymetric lows interpreted to be paleo-stream channels. Where the coastline is oriented parallel to the dominant wave direction and streams channels trend perpendicular to the coast, sediment-filled paleo-stream channels occur in the nearshore as well, but here they are connected to one another by shore-parallel ribbons of sediment at depths between 2 and 6 m. Where the coastline is oriented parallel to the dominant wave direction and onshore stream channels are not present, only shore-parallel patches of sediment at depths greater than 15 m are present. We interpret the distribution and interaction or transport of littoral sediment between pocket beaches along this coastline to be primarily controlled by the northwest-trending structure of the region and the dominant oceanographic regime. Because of the structural barriers to littoral transport, peaks in wave energy appear to be the dominant factor controlling the timing and magnitude of sediment transport between pocket beaches, more so than along long linear coasts. Accordingly, the magnitude and timing of sediment transport is dictated by the episodic nature of storm activity.     

Chemical characteristics and estimation on the vertical flux of N, P, Si in upwelling area of Taiwan Strait

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福建三沙湾浮性鱼卵和仔、稚鱼的分布

本文根据1990年2～11月在三沙湾海域分别进行4个季节调查的资料,对三沙湾鱼卵和仔、稚鱼的种类组成、丰度和主要种类的分布进行研究和探讨.结果表明,本海区共出现鱼卵和仔、稚鱼26种,分别隶属于17科22属.在数量上,鱼卵最高值出现在春季（5月）,其中鱼卵丰度较高的种类是真鲷、带鱼、鲾和康氏小公鱼等种类.仔稚鱼以夏季丰度最高,并以鰕虎鱼丰度（71.8%）最高.在分布上,鱼卵的丰度以三都岛东北部和东吾洋海域最高,仔稚鱼以三都岛东部最为密集.这表明本海区的鱼类的主要产卵季节是春季和夏季.其数量、分布与水温及桡足类的分布关系密切.