航空物探技术

航空物探技术是地球物理勘探技术与航空技术的结合,近十年来由于航空技术、电子和计算机技术、勘探地球物理技术的飞速发展,航空物探技术在仪器设备、方法技术、成果解释和服务范围等方面,都得到了很大提高和发展。作为航空物探中的老方法航空磁测,继续保持旺盛的生命力和良好的前景。航空电磁测量近来得到较快发展,大有超过航磁测量之势。航空放射性（伽玛能谱）测量在地质和环境领域得到日益广泛的应用。航空重力测量开始加入航空物探测量生产行列,航空气测技术在继续研究。综合航空物探测量由于解决问题能力最强而得到迅速发展。航空物探测量工作的小型化、轻型化、自动化、智能化是这项技术今后的生长点。利用多参数、多分量的航空物探测量工作是航空物探技术的发展方向。进一步拓宽航空物探测量的领域是航空物探发展的又一重要内容。     

航磁调查在中高山地区找矿快速突破中的应用

中高山地区是我国金属矿产重要勘查区和接替基地,为了寻找一种找矿快速突破的有效手段,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心在西部中高山区开展了大比例尺高精度航磁调查实践,采用高精度的航空物探测量系统和随地形缓起伏的飞行方法获得了高质量的原始数据,通过详细的物性资料分析与深入细致的异常解释工作,结合快速地面查证手段实现了中高山地区找矿工作的快速突破,开创了航空物探找矿工作的新局面.从已完成的航磁调查工作与找矿效果看,中高山地区高精度航磁调查具有速度快、精度高、费用低和效果显著等特点,具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值.     

航空地球物理勘查科技创新与应用

简要回顾了中国航空物探技术的发展历程，重点阐述了21世纪以来、尤其是"十一五"以来国内航空物探的主要技术创新与应用成果，并对今后发展趋势进行了分析与预测。为满足国家与社会需求，"十一五"以来，中国的航空物探技术，尤其是航磁多参量、矢量测量、航空重力测量和时间域航空电磁测量技术得到快速发展；在航空物探技术创新过程中，航空物探资料的综合研究和应用得到了加强，在基础地质、固体矿产勘查与评价、能源勘查与评价等方面取得了重要成果，在地下水资源调查、工程地质勘查、环境地质调查等方面显示出了良好的应用前景。为满足国家资源勘查和环境评价对航空探测技术的需求，未来中国航空物探测量系统的分辨率、稳定性和实用性将进一步提高，航空物探在加强基础地质、固体矿产勘查、能源勘查等传统领域应用的基础上，将拓展及加强在深地探测、深海探测、深部地热调查、水资源调查、地质灾害调查、军事及测绘等领域的应用。      

高精度航磁测量在东天山卡拉塔格地区的应用试验

航空磁测在寻找与磁性矿物有关的金属矿床勘查中有着广泛深入的应用。为快速有效地找寻隐伏及深部矿体,以动力三角翼飞行器为载体,依靠其灵活轻便、经济、高效等特点,配备先进的AARC510航空磁测系统,在新疆东天山卡拉塔格地区开展1∶5万高精度航磁测量试验。本文介绍了应用该航磁系统进行高精度航磁测试的试验情况,验证了动力滑翔机低空飞行、高精度测控等关键性能,取得较可靠的高精度航磁资料,并对其测量结果进行了初步探讨。结果表明该航磁测量系统在覆盖区开展矿产勘查工作是有效的,适宜于开展大比例尺的航磁测量工作。     

航空数字成图相机系统简介

航空数字成图相机系统是基于大面阵CCD的厘米级高分辨率多光谱全数字对地遥感成像系统,兼备传统航空摄影测量与现代光电子多光谱数字遥感的技术特点,已广泛应用于城市大比例尺测图、高精度环境及地质灾害监测中,在数字城市和重大工程勘测领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

编制小比例尺航磁图的技术方法

航空磁测作为区域物探方法的有效手段,在地质领域里得到了广泛的应用和发展。我国自1953年开展航空磁测到现在,已覆盖了全国陆地面积的五分之三和海域一百多万平方公里。随着航空物探事业的不断发展,陆地和海域空白区将陆续开展工作,这就为编制全国多种比例尺的航磁图创造了有利的条件(见图1)。     

航空伽马能谱测量在突发核事件中的应用

航空放射性测量由于其独特的优点,在区域环境辐射测量、突发核事件测量等方面具有广泛的应用前景,通过一些实例来展现航空放射性测量在突发核事件测量中的优势,讨论了制定航空放射性应急测量预案的可行性。     

国外航放在地质普查中的应用及技术概况

航空放射性测量(简称航放),被应用于直接寻找放射性矿物(如铀),其技术和效果是众所周知的。本文专门介绍航放在地质普查中的应用和技术发展情况。 随着航放技术的发展,各种航放仪器不断更新,航放的应用范围日趋广泛。近年来,国外应用航放于地质普查,取得了显著成效。笔者参阅了国外有关文献和资料,编成此文,以作国内有关人员在探索扩大航放应用范围时的参考。     

关于航空照片在我队的应用

航室照片填图在1958年我队1:20万石油地质普查已广泛采用。在石油地質普查利用航空照片,主要是填繪地質图。現将我队应用航空照片的方法和存在問題以及今后应用航空照片的建議提出来,希望同志們批評指正。     

航空感应激发极化效应及其在铀矿等金属矿产勘查中的应用研究

近年来,国内外学者在航空瞬变电磁数据中发现了“负瞬变”现象,即dB/dt响应晚期道出现负值,被称为“航空感应激发极化(AIIP)”效应。目前,研究该效应是航空瞬变电磁技术领域的热点和前沿课题之一。文章总结了AIIP效应产生的原理,首次利用国内实测数据提取了AIIP效应信息,结合实例讨论了AIIP效应在铀矿等金属矿产勘查中的应用前景。结果表明,AIIP效应可由深部可极化体引起,可用薄膜极化和电子极化来解释,与已知金、铁、铅锌多金属矿和铀矿具有较好的对应关系。综合分析,笔者认为AIIP效应联合航磁可以解决航空瞬变电磁对中高阻矿体响应不佳的难题,AIIP效应反映的可极化体埋深与所使用的仪器、所处地区整体岩石的电阻率和矿石矿物中硫化物的多少有密切关系,可将AIIP效应信息作为航空瞬变电磁资料解释的一种参数进行应用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861