鲁西隆起晚中生代以来伸展断裂特征及形成机制

野外地质调查表明,鲁西隆起的伸展断裂十分发育,其构造样式复杂.主要形式为陡倾斜的伸展断裂和缓倾斜的滑脱断层组成的复合伸展断裂系统.陡倾斜的伸展断裂构成鲁西伸展断裂系的主体,是控制其南部凹陷沉积的边界断裂.断裂带中构造角砾岩、断层泥发育,并有小褶皱、擦痕等显示断裂活动的标志.缓倾斜的滑脱断层在鲁西隆起区广泛发育,分为深、浅两个层次,浅层次中最具规模的位于下寒武统与太古宇之间.滑脱面上盘的寒武系底部产生强烈的构造变形,褶皱和破碎带发育,下盘构造相对简单,仅挤压破碎.深层次滑脱断层发育在中地壳低速层处,控制着浅层次滑脱断层的形成与分布.构造应力场数值模拟结果显示,鲁西隆起的伸展断裂系统是由晚中生代以来两次大规模的伸展运动形成的,形成机制上,与中、新生代郯庐断裂的走滑活动、太平洋板块的俯冲以及岩浆上涌密切相关.     

鲁西地区晚中生代以来伸展构造及其控矿作用

鲁西地区存在区域规模的伸展滑脱构造,滑脱构造破碎带是该区进行金矿、铁矿和油气分布预测的关键。浅层次滑脱构造最具规模的位于下寒武统朱砂洞组碎屑岩与太古宇变质岩和石炭系—二叠系与奥陶系之间。滑脱面上各种碎裂岩、揉皱发育,伴有动力变质作用,其上朱砂洞组有不同程度的缺失或重复,滑动方向主要向北。深层次滑脱构造主要发育在地壳的低速层,滑动方向与浅层次相反。大规模的构造滑动始于早白垩世（130～110Ma）岩石圈的伸展,始新世（43～37Ma）持续活动。深层次对浅层次构造滑动起控制作用,进而控制了鲁西地区金、铁等似层状矿床的形成、储集和分布,以及烃源岩的形成、油气的储集和分布。     

基底滑脱层分布对褶皱冲断带变形影响的物理模拟研究：以塔西南西昆仑山前褶皱冲断带为例

针对塔西南西昆仑山前基底寒武系膏盐层的分布情况, 采用物理模拟研究方法,设计了研究基底滑脱层的分布对褶皱
冲断带影响的两组实验。实验结果表明：基底滑脱层的分布对构造变形样式的发育及变形前锋的传播有重要的控制作用。
具体表现为在基底寒武系膏盐层分布靠近山前的苏盖特地区变形整体表现为滑脱式的宽缓箱状褶皱的发育;寒武系膏盐层
分布较远离山前的柯东地区在缺失寒武系膏盐层的山前地区,表现为叠瓦状逆冲断层的发育,形成断层相关的紧闭褶皱,
往北有寒武系膏盐层发育的固满地区才发育较大型的箱状背斜。实验过程中苏盖特地区的变形前锋往前陆方向传播得更快
更远,而柯东地区变形前锋往前陆方向传播得较慢较近,从而在变形过程中二者的变形前锋容易出现一个“Z”字形转折。     

尼日尔三角洲的重力滑动构造

位于南大西洋东岸被动大陆边缘之上的尼日尔三角洲发育一大型重力滑动构造。自非洲大陆向南大西洋方向,该重力滑动构造可以划分出前缘挤压构造变形区和后缘拉张构造变形区。前缘挤压构造变形,形成褶皱冲断带;后缘拉张构造变形,形成堑垒构造;两者之间的过渡带发育滑脱褶皱。三角洲沉积的时代为始新世—第四纪,地层剖面自下而上依次是海相页岩(Akata组)、近海三角洲相砂岩—页岩互层(Agbada组)和陆相冲积砂岩(Benin组)。3个岩石地层单元都是穿时的,向大洋方向变新。重力滑动构造的主滑脱面位于Akata海相页岩中。根据生长地层、不整合以及卷入变形的地层时代,重力滑动构造起始于约12 Ma,伴生有广泛发育的泥构造。重力滑动构造的形成可能与新生代喀麦隆火山带(Cameroon volcanic line)的火山活动有一定的关系。     

贵州省开阳地区铀多金属矿勘查区地气测量找矿模式研究

<正>开阳地区处于扬子陆块西南缘,其基底是中、晚元古代浅变质岩系复杂褶皱带。沉积盖层为被动大陆边缘和台地内部裂陷沉积,以碳酸盐岩为主。构造变形为前陆褶皱-冲断带,走滑断层发育,广泛分布完好的侏罗山式褶皱带,属典型剥皮构造,是一个区域性多层次滑脱体系,层间构造发育。区内地层从板溪群到白垩系均有出露,以寒武系、二叠系为主,发育齐全,以碳酸盐岩为主,其次是细碎屑岩。缺失志留系、泥盆系。矿区主要出露寒武系地层。围岩蚀变强烈,种类多,范围大,铀与黑色有机质、硫钼矿关系密切。     

孟加拉湾若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征初步研究

孟加拉湾若开褶皱带位于印度-缅甸山脉西部山前,由NNW—SSE向带状分布的多排背斜构成,其构造特征研究仍然十分薄弱。本文通过钻井资料和二维地震反射剖面精细构造解析,尝试分析若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征,重点关注若开褶皱带的滑脱层发育特征及背斜几何学及运动学特征,结果表明若开褶皱带发育多个滑脱层:①底部滑脱层,位于约6.5s(双程走时)处;②中部滑脱层,层位存在变化,可能位于第四系底部或上中新统下方约2.5s处。在区域挤压作用下,若开褶皱带发育与底部滑脱层和中部滑脱层相关的滑脱褶皱,构造变形主要受控于底部滑脱层,而中部滑脱层影响了局部构造变形。生长地层记录显示若开褶皱带构造变形自东往西迁移,变形前缘形成于第四纪。基于构造分析结果提出了若开褶皱带褶皱变形的两种运动学端元模型:模型1中不发育中部滑脱层,滑脱褶皱发育于底部滑脱层之上;模型2中发育中部滑脱层,滑脱褶皱发育于中部滑脱层和底部滑脱层之上,形成上、下两套构造层。若开褶皱带背斜几何学和运动学特征受下伏滑脱层控制,背斜在走向上叠置、分叉可能暗示着背斜下伏滑脱层在走向上发生了改变。流体超压可能是影响若开褶皱带构造变形的重要控制因素。     

南大巴前陆冲断带构造变形几何类型、分布特征及其成因分析

南大巴前陆冲断带位于秦岭造山带向四川盆地过渡的部位,是晚三叠世扬子-秦岭俯冲碰撞与中新生代以来陆内造山形成的。根据构造变形的几何学特点,自北东向南西发育紧靠城口断层的根带、坪坝断裂与鸡鸣寺断裂之间的中带、镇巴-鸡鸣寺断裂与铁溪-巫溪隐伏断裂之间的锋带。各带发育不同的构造变形:根带的冲断层系统以逆冲叠瓦构造为主控构造组合,同时发育构造三角带、冲起构造和双重构造等组合;中带的冲断褶皱系统以发育断层相关褶皱组合为主;锋带发育为滑脱褶皱系统,以类侏罗山式褶皱为主控构造,同时发育了箱状背斜、膝折构造、倒转背斜、平卧褶皱、紧闭背斜、同斜背斜、虚脱不协调背斜等滑脱褶皱。垂向上发育3套区域性滑脱层:震旦系泥页岩和寒武系泥页岩、志留系泥页岩、下三叠统膏盐岩;在南秦岭自北而南的推覆作用下,依次沿这3套滑脱层逐级抬升而向南滑脱,存在"推覆作用(叠层滑动)→冲断作用(切层滑动)→层滑作用(顺层滑动)"的滑脱变形序列,从而造就南大巴的多种构造变形类型及其有序分布特征。     

川东南构造变形特征及其对页岩气保存的影响

川东南地区构造变形复杂,二叠系和志留系含有丰富的页岩气资源。依据岩性和地震资料的解释,寒武系膏盐层与中-下三叠统膏盐层对构造变形有重要控制作用,多数断层沿膏盐层滑脱。研究区包括盆内和盆缘两部分,盆内发育形态对称的盖层滑脱式褶皱;盆缘发育基底卷入式褶皱冲断构造,分为山前推覆带和山前转换带,前者发育高陡的三角楔构造,后者由冲断带、褶皱带和斜坡带组成。构造演化分析表明:晚侏罗世齐岳山断层开始发育,盆内地层发生挠曲变形;白垩纪盆缘形成三角楔构造,盆内主要构造和断裂已经发育;新生代齐岳山褶皱隆升,盆内寒武系之上沉积盖层褶皱形成多个背斜和向斜。山前推覆带构造高陡、变形强烈,页岩气保存条件差;山前转换带构造变形程度适中,其褶皱带背斜完整,页岩气保存条件好;盆内中-下三叠统膏盐层封盖性好,埋深适中的背斜为页岩气有利勘探目标区。      

晋北地区口泉断裂带晚中生代分段构造特征

口泉断裂带位于华北克拉通中部造山带的西侧,晚中生代具有独特的逆冲构造样式和复杂的构造演化过程。以区域地质调查资料为基础,通过野外地质考察、构造建模及磷灰石裂变径迹分析,研究了口泉断裂带晚中生代的分段构造特征及其形成机制。结果显示:(1)口泉断裂带自东南向西北逆冲推覆,沿断裂带走向的位移活动具南强北弱特点;上盘为太古宇片麻岩,下盘地层依次为寒武系—奥陶系、石炭系—二叠系及侏罗系。(2)口泉断裂带具有分段特点,主体构造样式为非典型的构造三角带,具有两套以上的滑脱层;底滑脱层自南向北从太古宇、寒武系—奥陶系升高至石炭系,被动顶板滑脱层则位于下寒武统馒头组—毛庄组或下伏的太古宇片麻岩。(3)据磷灰石裂变径迹测试模拟,口泉断裂带逆冲活动的最早年龄是(147. 1±6. 0) Ma,为晚侏罗世,其形成机制与晚侏罗世伊泽奈崎板块俯冲造成的NW向挤压大地构造背景有关。     

天山南麓库车晚新生代褶皱-冲断带

库车褶皱冲断带位于天山南麓,由近东西走向的多条构造带组成。三叠系暗色泥岩、侏罗系煤层、古近系库姆格列木组膏盐层和新近系吉迪克组膏盐层构成库车褶皱冲断带的区域性主滑脱面。褶皱冲断带底面由北向南逐渐抬高。褶皱冲断带主体发育盖层滑脱-冲断构造(薄皮构造),基底卷入型冲断构造(厚皮构造)见于北缘的根带。新生界膏盐层之上构造变形以滑脱褶皱为特色,之下以冲断构造为特色。库车褶皱冲断带是印度-亚洲碰撞远程效应下,(南)天山晚新生代造山过程的产物。褶皱冲断带构造变形的动力来源主要是造山楔向塔里木盆地推进所形成的挤压构造应力。褶皱冲断带构造变形的起始时间为约23Ma,构造变形具有阶段式加速的特点,已经识别出约23Ma、约10Ma、5~2Ma和1~0Ma共4个变形加速期。褶皱冲断带的演化过程为前展式,褶皱冲断带前锋向南推进的同时,后缘持续变形。     

伸展作用序列及其深部背景: 以晚中生代以来鲁西隆起和济阳坳陷为例

露头区野外地质调查、隐伏区地质与地球物理资料研究表明,晚中生代-新生代鲁西隆起区和济阳坳陷区正断层发育,包括陡倾斜的控凹边界断层和缓倾斜的滑脱断层两类,两者构成伸展滑脱半地堑,且滑脱构造在隆起北部和坳陷南部最发育。K Ar和FT测年结果指示伸展断层的发育时间为176~103 Ma、67～49 Ma和42～25 Ma 3个时期。隆起区、坳陷区陡断层分别在中地壳22 km 和15 km左右变平,成为拆离滑脱断层。构造物理模拟表明,在伸展＋塑性物质上涌机制下隆起区和坳陷区正断层均具有由南向北的发育极性,大致对应中侏罗世-早白垩世、古新世-早始新世、中始新世-渐新世3个发育阶段,且伴随控凹断层发育的同时,断块掀斜引起滑脱断层同步发育。层析成像表明中生代早期扬子板块沿作为转换断层的郯庐断裂以近EW向与华北板块俯冲的残留体可能导致晚中生代地幔物质上涌,新生代地幔上涌则可能与太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲及印欧板块碰撞的远程效应有关。研究区正断层受控于地幔物质上涌+伸展作用,以齐河-广饶断层为界呈前展式分别由南向北发育,并控制着坳陷区油气的形成、运聚和分布向北迁移。     

Tectonics of the Middle Triassic intracontinental Xuefengshan Belt, South China: new insights from structural and chronological constraints on the basal décollement zone

In orogenic belts, a basal décollement zone often develops at depth to accommodate the shortening due to folding and thrusting of the sedimentary cover. In the Early Mesozoic intracontinental Xuefengshan Belt of South China, such a décollement zone is exposed in the core of anticlines formed by the emplacement of the late-orogenic granitic plutons. Our detailed, multi-scale structural analysis documents a synmetamorphic ductile deformation. In the basal décollement, the Neoproterozoic pelite and sandstone, and the intruding Early Paleozoic granites were deformed and metamorphosed into mylonites and orthogneiss, respectively. The metamorphic foliation contains a NW–SE stretching lineation associated with top-to-the-NW kinematic indicators. The ductile shearing of these high-strained rocks can be correlated with NW-verging folds and thrusts recognized in the Neoproterozoic to Early Triassic sedimentary cover. Monazite U–Th–Pb_tot chemical dating, and zircon SIMS U–Pb dating provide age constraints of the ductile shearing between 243 and 226?Ma, and late-orogenic granite emplacement around 235–215?Ma. In agreement with recent geochronological data, these new results show that the Xuefengshan Belt is an Early Mesozoic orogen dominated by the NW-directed shearing and thrusting. At the southeastern boundary of the Xuefengshan Belt, the Chenzhou-Linwu fault separates the Early Mesozoic domain to the NW from the Early Paleozoic domain to the SE. The tectonic architecture of this belt was possibly originated from the continental underthrusting to the SE of the South China block in response to northwest-directed subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate.     

准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-逆冲断层带分析

讨论了与准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-逆冲断层带有关的4个问题。(1)准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-逆冲断层带具有纵向分带、横向分段和垂向构造分层的特征:纵向上由南至北可分为逆冲推覆构造带、基底卷入褶皱-冲断带和滑脱型褶皱-冲断带三个带;横向上,基底卷入褶皱-冲断带从西至东按横向调节带分为5个段,构造特征表现为反冲断层从不发育到向南反冲的位移逐渐增大、反冲断层所滑脱的层位亦逐渐加深;滑脱型褶皱-冲断带以红车断裂为界划分为西段和东段,西段构造运动弱,构造变形具双层结构;东段构造运动较强,发育大型冲向后陆的反向逆冲断层,构造变形多具有3层结构。(2)逆冲断层-褶皱类型按其形成机制分为基底卷入型冲断-褶皱、滑脱型冲断-褶皱以及基底卷入-滑脱混合型冲断-褶皱3大类,其中,基底卷入型冲断-褶皱的特征是褶皱作用发生在逆冲断裂之前,而滑脱型冲断-褶皱以冲断和褶皱同时或冲断层先于褶皱形成为特征。(3)本区存在横向和纵向传递带。横向调节带一般分布于基底卷入型褶皱-冲断带,主要为左旋走滑断层;纵向传递带分布于滑脱型褶皱-冲断带,以逆冲断层系斜列分布和位移纵向斜列传递为特征。(4)褶皱-冲断带形成的主控因素主要有:近南北向的水平挤压作用,上新世末—早更新世末和晚侏罗世末发生的构造变形以及古近系、下白垩统和下—中侏罗统发育的三套异常高压泥岩层相关的滑脱作用。     

Ductile and brittle deformations in the northern snake range,nevada

The northern Snake Range, east-central Nevada, is one of the metamorphic core complexes of the Sevier hinterland. Within the range a major décollement separates an ‘upper plate’ composed of brittlely deformed Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (mostly carbonates), from a ‘lower plate’ composed of metamorphic Upper Precambrian-Lower Cambrian rocks, intruded by gneissic granites. A study of the geometry and kinematics of structures and fabrics at outcrop scale and in thin sections indicates that: the northern Snake Range décollement has been a zone of intense non-coaxial E-vergent shear and transport in a ∼- N115°E direction. Outstanding asymmetric boudinage within the marble sheet capping the lower plate testifies for late ductile shear strains (γ) of at least 20. The interface between brittlely and ductilely deformed rocks seems too sharp to represent a regional rheological transition, but might result from two distinct phases of deformation. Ductile deformation in and below the décollement could have occurred before brittle deformation in the upper plate. Brittle faulting in the upper plate related to Basin and Range extension reactivated the upper surface of the ductile shear zone. High topographic relief on the normal faults bounding the range triggered the slide of olistolites from the upper plate into the adjacent Oligo-Miocene basins.     

Three-dimensional architecture of growth strata associated to fault-bend,fault-propagation,and décollement anticlines in non-erosional environments

The evolution of surficial structures at the toes of orogens arises from the complex interplay between tectonic and surface processes. The internal architecture of syntectonic sediments has been shown to provide useful insights on the kinematic mechanism of folding. Two-dimensional templates of growth strata patterns associated to thrust-related anticlines are available in the literature. In this paper, we show the results of three-dimensional numerical modelling of growth fault-bend folds, fault-propagation folds, fixed limb length décollement folds and fixed limb dip décollement folds. We point out that total thickness contour maps, single syntectonic layer contour maps, and above all, the computation of their directional first-derivative maps, provide useful templates for inferring the kinematic mechanism of folding when compared with similar maps from natural examples. Application of these three-dimensional numerical models includes the comparison and supervised best fit with three-dimensional seismic reflection data sets. Numerical results are contrasted with the growth strata map patterns of the Mediano, Oliana and Pico del Aguila anticlines, in the Spanish Pyrenees.     

Geology of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and the North Kara Terrane in the Russian high Arctic

The Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago is located at 80°N near the continental shelf break, between the Kara and Laptev seas. Sedimentary successions of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic age dominate the bedrock geology. Together with Northern Tajmyr, Severnaya Zemlya constitutes the main land areas of the North Kara Terrane (NKT), which is inferred here to have been a part of the Timanide margin of Baltica, i.e. an integral part of Baltica at least since the Vendian. Vendian turbidites derived from the Timanide Orogen are inferred to have been deposited on Neoproterozoic greenschist facies, granite-intruded basement. Shallow-water siliclastic deposition in the Early to Mid-Cambrian was followed by highly organic-rich shales in the Late Cambrian and influx of more turbidites. An episode of folding, the Kan’on River deformation, separates these formations from the overlying Tremadocian conglomerates and sandstones. In the Early Ordovician, rift-related magmatic rocks accompanied the deposition of variegated marls, sandstones, carbonates and evaporites. Dark shales and gypsiferous limestones characterise the Mid-Ordovician. Late Ordovician quartz-sandstones mark a hiatus, followed by carbonate rocks that extend up into and through most of the Silurian. The latter give way upwards into Old Red Sandstones, which are inferred to have been deposited in a Caledonian foreland basin. Deformation, reaching the area in the latest Devonian or earliest Carboniferous and referred to as the Severnaya Zemlya episode, is thought to be Caledonian-related. The dominating E-vergent structure was controlled by décollement zones in Ordovician evaporite-bearing strata; detachment folds and thrusts developed in the west and were apparently impeded by a barrier of Ordovician igneous rocks in the east. Below the décollement zones, the Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician succession was deformed into open to close folds. The exposed strata in the lower structural level have been juxtaposed with those in the upper structural level along the major N-trending Fiordovoe Lake Fault Zone, which involved several kilometres of dextral strike-slip movement and downthrow to the west. A major Early Carboniferous unconformity separates the folded Mid-Palaeozoic and older rocks from overlying Carboniferous formations, as on Franz Joseph Land and Svalbard. Subsequent latest Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic orogeny, as on Taimyr, apparently had little influence on the Severnaya Zemlya successions.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷热历史及构造—热演化特征

根据辽河盆地东部凹陷大地热流测量和镜质体反射率数据,恢复了该区的热历史,结果表明:东部凹陷热流呈现古热流高现今热流低的变化特征,沙河街组三段沉积期到东营组沉积期(距今43～25Ma)盆地热流为66～82mWm²,现今热流值为47～70mWm²。构造沉降史分析显示,盆地经历了早期的裂谷阶段(距今43～25Ma)和后期的热沉降阶段,裂谷阶段包含了两个裂谷亚旋回。盆地现今较低的大地热流和较高的古热流及典型的裂谷型构造沉降样式为东部凹陷的构造—热演化提供了重要认识。     

Polyphase late Palaeozoic deformation in the southeastern foreland and northwestern Piedmont of the Alabama Appalachians

Late Palaeozoic deformation in the southern Appalachians is believed to be related to the collisional events that formed Pangaea. The Appalachian foreland fold and thrust belt in Alabama is a region of thin-skinned deformed Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Early Cambrian to Late Carboniferous, bounded to the northwest by relatively undeformed rocks of the Appalachian Plateau and to the southeast by crystalline thrust sheets containing metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks ranging in age from late Precambrian to Early Devonian. A late Palaeozoic kinematic sequence derived for a part of this region indicates complex spatial and temporal relationships between folding, thrusting, and tectonic level of décollement. Earliest recognized (Carboniferous(?) or younger) compressional deformation in the foreland, observable within the southernmost thrust sheets in the foreland, is a set of large-scale, tight to isoclinal upright folds which preceded thrafing, and may represent the initial wave of compression in the foreland. Stage 2 involved emplacement of low-angle far-traveled thrust sheets which cut Lower Carboniferous rocks and cut progressively to lower tectonic levels to the southwest, terminating with arrival onto the foreland rocks of a low-grade crystalline nappe. Stage 3 involved redeformation of the stage 2 nappe pile by large-scale upright folds oriented approximately parallel to the former thrusts and believed to be related to ramping or imbrication from a deeper décollement in the foreland rocks below. Stage 4 involved renewed low-angle thrusting within the Piedmont rocks, emplacement of a high-grade metamorphic thrust sheet, and decapitation of stage 3 folds. Stage 5 is represented by large-scale cross-folding at a high angle to previous thrust boundaries and fold phases, and may be related to ramping or imbrication on deep décollements within the now mostly buried Ouachita orogen thrust belt to the southwest. Superposed upon these folds are stage 6 high-angle thrust faults with Appalachian trends representing the youngest (Late Carboniferous or younger, structures in the kinematic sequence.     

下刚果盆地重力滑脱构造发育特征及演化规律

论述了西非被动大陆边缘下刚果盆地重力滑脱构造的发育特征及演化规律。下刚果盆地早白垩世至今的被动大陆边缘阶段主要发育重力滑脱构造,可分为上陆坡的重力滑脱伸展构造、中陆坡和下陆坡的重力滑脱底辟构造、下陆坡-深海平原转换区的重力滑脱冲断构造。一期完整的重力滑脱构造演化模式为从早到晚由陆向海逐渐发育的前展式发育模式,即最早发育高部位的重力滑脱伸展构造、其次发育中部的重力滑脱底辟构造、最后发育低部位的重力滑脱冲断构造。下刚果盆地总共发育两期重力滑脱构造,分别是早白垩世阿尔布期(Albian)-渐新世的第一期(早期)重力滑脱构造,中新世至今的第二期(晚期)重力滑脱构造。这两期重力滑脱构造之间呈现出从早到晚由陆向海发育的前展式结构,即晚期的重力滑脱构造位于早期重力滑脱构造的向海一侧。     

Looking beneath the Stawell and Bendigo zones in Victoria,Australia: a view through the granite window

Abstract

Information, mainly from the granitic and silicic volcanic rocks in the Stawell, Bendigo and Melbourne structural zones in the state of Victoria, shows that the sources of both the S- and I-type rocks of the Stawell and Bendigo zones (SBZ) contrast in ages and chemistry with the sources of similar granitic rocks in the Melbourne Zone, consistent with the absence of the mainly Proterozoic Selwyn Block beneath most of the SBZ. Below a mid-crustal décollement in the SBZ, the crust is evidently highly variable and possibly includes thinned Proterozoic crust. There is geochronological evidence for ca 400 and ca 370?Ma granulite-grade metamorphic events here, and, after this double bout of metamorphism, and depletion in the silicic melt component, the constituents of the entire deep crust of the SBZ would have densities similar to those of overlying, much lower-grade Cambrian metabasaltic to boninitic rocks. Thus, granitic magmas may have formed here by partial melting of a variety of rock types, probably with back-arc affinities, with ages that may extend back to the Proterozoic. Therefore, the basement of the SBZ is unlikely to consist solely of thick ocean-floor rocks, as in some current interpretations.

1. KEY POINTS

2. The sources of the Devonian granitic rocks of the Stawell and Bendigo zones (SBZ) contrast in ages and chemistry with those of the Melbourne Zone granites.

3. Two Devonian granulite-facies events left the melt-depleted deep SBZ crust with densities similar to those of overlying Cambrian metabasaltic rocks.

4. The SBZ Devonian granitic magmas probably formed by partial melting of heterogeneous Proterozoic to Cambrian arc-related crust, below the mid-crustal décollement.