岩质边坡锚喷加固应用中的几个问题

锚喷加固岩质边坡应用越来越广泛，但设计与施工尚未规范化，导致实施中存在一些问题。结合工程实例，分析了岩质边坡的破坏特性、锚喷加固机理及设计中存在的一些问题。     

锚喷加固技术在路堑边坡加固中的应用

本文分析了锚喷加固技术在边坡加固中的适用性,根据地质情况进行了边坡稳定性分析计算,介绍了锚喷加固设计及施工工艺,指出锚喷加固技术用于路堑高边坡的加固防护有较好的社会效益及经济效益。     

加筋砂卵石垫层在地基加固工程中的应用

讨论了土工聚合物在砂卵石垫层中的应用，并结合工程实例介绍了土工聚合物用于砂卵石垫层地基处理的加固原理、设计、施工方法。     

某商住楼粉喷桩加固地基的几点体会

本文就某工程粉喷桩的设计、施工管理提出了一些观点或体会，供此类基础处理设计时参考。     

某洞库裂缝原因分析及加固设计

在分析某洞库裂缝原因的基础上,采用间隔增设二次衬砌的方法对洞库进行了加固设计,提出了以控制原衬砌混凝土不出现裂缝的原则来确定二次衬砌间距的确定方法,并利用叠合构件位移协调的条件推导出了二次衬砌上荷载的计算公式,为洞库的二次衬砌加固提供了一套设计方法。     

高能级强夯在深厚填土地基处理中的应用

加固处理大面积的多孔隙、粗颗粒非饱和土地基宜采用强夯法。当加固深厚地基，特别是大孔隙湿陷性地基、山区大厚度非均匀块石回填地基和抛石填海地基时，应该施加高能级强夯进行处理。该文介绍了高能级强夯在青岛某公司四座5万m^3原油储罐和配套设施地基处理工程中应用的成功经验，供设计施工参考。     

京珠高速公路大悟段高边坡加固设计方法探讨

根据岩体结构特征与岩石物理力学特性,采用现代化的计算手段对岩体稳定性分析计算,并在此基础上进行加固结构设计是一种代替传统设计的新方法,结合京珠高速公路大悟段岩质高边坡加固设计,分析了这种方法的具体步骤与优越性,根据该设计在实施后的结果,肯定了设计的成功之处。     

高边坡设计与加固问题讨论

在高边坡调查、勘探和稳定性评价中,应认识高边坡变形的类型、性质、机制、范围和规模,划分出稳定、基本稳定、稳定性差和不稳定级别.在高边坡设计施工中应按一定的设计思想、技术路线、基本原则和方法指导高边坡的设计施工.高边坡加固工程目前广泛采用预应力锚索框架(地梁、墩)、预应力锚索桩、普通抗滑桩和挡土墙等,应根据实际条件选用.高边坡设计尚无规范可循.如何正确认识高边坡的特性,合理地进行勘察、评价、设计和加固,作者提出了自己的意见和建议,与同行专家讨论.     

强夯法加固地基的应用

厦门某公司纸箱车间由于场地内有较厚的素填土,且其承载力低,在对地基加固施工中通过对素填土进行强夯,提高了地基的承载力,满足了设计要求。     

山东济泰高速公路大型路堑边坡预应力锚索加固

济泰高速公路 K3 5 75 8～ K3 6 0 3 0段路堑边坡开挖后 ,由于受两组顺坡向不连续面影响而出现多处不稳定坡段 ,通过采用预应力锚索加固使该段边坡得到整治 ,从而达到稳定要求。本文着重介绍了预应力锚索加固设计及施工方法。     

Aspects of the marine Cretaceous of China

The marine Cretaceous of China is distributed mainly in southwestern Xinjiang, the West Kunlun Mountains, the Karakorum Mountains and most parts of Xizang (Tibet), with findings even from Taiwan.The marine Cretaceous of China may be divided into three sedimentary belts according to the lithologic and tectonic characters, biological provinces and the different modes of deposition.On the basis of recent research on the Cretaceous marine strata and faunas in China, the lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic sequences have been preliminarily established and the division and correlation of strata and boundaries between the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous, as well as Cretaceous and Tertiary outlined; the position of the beach line of the Laurasian landmass in China and the events of the tectonic movement and the transgression and regression during the Cretaceous period are discussed.     

“地球动力学”的研究现状与展望——第32届国际地质大会研究成果综述

第32届国际地质大会通过按地域和构造作用过程等形式划分11个专题会场,展示了地球动力学的研究成果。其成果主要包括特提斯域构造演化及其不同阶段的块体裂解、拼合及后期改造的细节过程,地质历史中的超大陆分布和成因,俯冲—碰撞带深部构造和变质机制,安第斯山(Andes)缓倾角平坦式俯冲过程及其地壳变形和岩浆作用的响应,显微构造对动力作用过程的影响和控制,地壳和上地幔熔融、流变学和动力学意义,大洋岩石圈构造与演化,大陆地盾区构造和再活动,稳定大陆区地震,空间大地测量学和现代板块运动等方面。这些研究成果充分显示了地球动力学研究具有多学科、多手段(如古地磁、超深钻、地球物理、大地测量和GPS等)、多尺度(宏观、微观)和多时期、全面、综合、并逐步接近定时、定位和定量地探索和研究的特点,它从地球(主要为上地幔和地壳)的组成、结构构造入手,逐步认识地球(主要为地球岩石圈)的演化和动力学。     

河口海岸铁板砂研究进展

铁板砂是一种特殊的沉积地貌,其性质和形成演化涉及海洋沉积动力、海洋工程地质等学科方向,对海岸防护、航运安全和海洋工程建设有重要影响。介绍了铁板砂的概念、特征和分布,以铁板砂形成和演化机制为主线,从原生沉积、冲刷分选和液化渗流3种模式出发,对国内外铁板砂研究现状进行总结和论述,分析了3种模式的优缺点和适用条件,从研究思路和研究方法等方面对铁板砂的研究趋势进行了展望,指出基于海洋土力学与沉积动力学相结合的思路,开展水体-床面-床内耦合的多要素同步观测,构建机制清晰的物理模型和定量评价的数学模型是今后铁板砂研究的发展方向。     

Particle size scales and classification of sediment types based on particle size distributions: Review and recommended procedures

This paper provides a review of different particle size scales, size class terminology and particle size distribution (‘textural’) classification schemes which are widely used in sedimentology, geomorphology, soil science, aquatic ecology and civil engineering. It is concluded that a revised system of size class nomenclature, based on the Udden (1898) and Wentworth (1922) schemes, provides the most logical and consistent framework for use with sediments and a wide range of other particulate materials. A refined scheme is proposed which has five first‐order size classes (boulder, gravel, sand, silt and clay), each of which has five second‐order subdivisions with limits defined at one phi intervals. The scheme is simple and intuitively easy to understand. The paper also provides a review of previous schemes that have been proposed to describe and classify sediments on the basis of the proportions of gravel, sand and mud, or sand, silt and clay using trigons (also termed ternary diagrams). Many of these schemes do not have a logical basis and provide limited or uneven resolution. New gravel, sand and mud and sand, silt and clay classification systems are proposed that are both more logical and provide greater discriminatory power than previous schemes; they are therefore more suitable for use in environmental and forensic investigations. A new Microsoft Excel^® program, freely available to download from http://www.kpal.co.uk , allows rapid classification of sediments based on the proportions of gravel, sand and mud and sand, silt and clay proportions and graphical comparison of the data for different sample groups.     

江苏侏罗系—白垩系火山岩地层对比及划分探讨

排除火山岩系的复杂性产生的对区域地质调查和地层划分造成的干扰,综合生物化石、同位素年龄及地球化学特征等数据提出了江苏地区侏罗系—白垩系火山岩系地层的层序划分,建议将燕山运动以来侏罗系—白垩系火山喷发岩系的三大旋回所形成的各火山岩和火山碎屑岩组,包括龙王山组、云合山组、大王山组、姑山组、娘娘山组名称取消,并将其作为不同时期的火山喷发岩系夹层分别归入西横山组、浦口组、赤山组,同时将苏北地区的象山群也归入西横山组,将白垩系底界放在西横山组与苏南所见的象山组之间。     

Palladium, Platinum and Gold Concentrations in Fengshan Porphyry Cu–Mo Deposit, Hubei Province, China

Abstract: The Fengshan porphyry-skarn copper–molybdenum (Cu–Mo) deposit is located in the south-eastern Hubei Province in east China. Cu–Mo mineralization is hosted in the Fengshan granodiorite porphyry stock that intruded the Triassic Daye Formation carbonate rocks in the early Cretaceous (~140 Ma), as well as the contact zone between granodiorite porphyry stock and carbonate rocks, forming the porphyry-type and skarn-type association. The Fengshan granodiorite stock and the immediate country rocks are strongly fractured and intensely altered by hydrothermal fluids. In addition to intense skarn alteration, the prominent alteration types are potassic, phyllic, and propylitic, whereas argillation is less common. Mineralization occurs as veins, stock works, and disseminations, and the main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, bornite, and magnetite. The contents of palladium, platinum and gold (Pd, Pt and Au) are determined in nine samples from fresh and mineralized granodiorite and different types of altered rocks. The results show that the Pd content is systematically higher than Pt, which is typical for porphyry ore deposits worldwide. The Pt content ranges from 0.037 to1.765 ppb, and the Pd content ranges between 0.165 and 17.979 ppb. Pd and Pt are more concentrated in porphyry mineralization than skarn mineralization, and have negative correlations with Au. The reconnaissance study presented here confirms the existence of Pd and Pt in the Fengshan porphyry-skarn Cu–Mo deposit. When compared with intracontinent and island arc geotectonic settings, the Pd, Pt, and Au contents in the Fengshan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in the intracontinent is lower than the continental margin types and island are types. A combination of available data indicates that Pd and Pt were derived from oxidized alkaline magmas generated by the partial melting of an enriched mantle source.     

Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place

This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group.     

非海相白垩系年代学和对比

从1800年代初最早确定的白垩系定义起,白垩系就包括了海相和非海相白垩纪的地层和化石。白垩纪是一个全球性气候温暖、海平面高、构造和火山活动强烈的世界。此时,多块大陆分解,几乎所有海洋都已打开,形成了与现代相近的海陆分布的地理图案。这一变革导致了全球生物群的区域化,给全球对比带来了困难。白垩纪的全球年代地层表是主要依据菊石和微体生物(有孔虫和钙质超微浮游生物)化石,并与已完整建立的全球极性倒转年表和很多放射性同位素年龄相结合的产物。从孢粉到恐龙等各类非海相化石均已用于白垩纪生物地层学。此期专刊的特色是聚焦于区域或全球的孢粉(包括沟鞭藻)、大植物、甲壳类(包括叶肢介和介形类)、软体动物(包括腹足类和双壳类)和脊椎动物(包括硬躯体和足印)非海相白垩纪生物地层学和生物年代学。这些研究大大扩展了非海相白垩系对比的内容,并强调了将能取得更多进展的研究方向。非海相地层和化石群中直接夹有海相地层和化石的剖面/地区的非海相生物地层学更精确的研究,高分辨率的微体化石,特别是既出现于非海相又见于海相地层中的微体化石的微体生物地层学的进展,更多的直接与非海相生物地层学相关的放射性同位素和古地磁年龄的测试,非海相地层的高分辨率层序和旋回地层学分析及与非海相生物地层学对比的化学地层学的发展等,均将促进全球非海相白垩纪地层时代和对比,甚至以国际地质时标为准绳的全球非海相白垩纪地层对比框架表的建立。     

钾霞橄黄长岩:火成岩石学中一个新的研究热点

钾霞橄黄长岩是一种非常稀少的超钾质火山岩,也是一个岩石系列,包括黄长煌斑岩、橄榄石黄长岩、白橄黄长岩、橄辉钾霞岩和乌干达岩等多种岩石类型。钾霞橄黄长岩包含了丰富的地球内部的深部信息,是火成岩石学中一个新的研究热点。结合对意大利和中国西秦岭钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的野外观察和研究,简要介绍了超钾质岩石的定义和分类以及钾霞橄黄长岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,并对钾霞橄黄长岩及共生的碳酸岩的成因和构造环境作了简要的评述。     

论中国前寒武纪地质时代及年代地层的划分

本文讨论了前寒武纪地质时代和年代地层划分的原则和命名,提出建立隐生宙、原生宙和显生宙。隐生宙包括冥古代和太古代;原生宙分始元代、中元代和新元代。划分中的重要改变是根据新的年龄值数据将五台群归入太古代,将长城系底界改为1700Ma;并根据蠕虫-须腕动物群的出现,将震旦纪归入古生代。文中还阐述了作者对前寒武纪时代划分的新观点。