Enoplus taipingensis, a new species of marine nematode from the rocky intertidal seaweeds in the Taiping Bay, Qingdao

One new species of free-living marine nematodes Enoplus taipingensis sp.nov.from the rocky intertidal seaweeds in the Taiping Bay,Qingdao is described and illustrated with scanning electron microscopy observation and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis.Enoplus taipingensis is characterized by special arrangement of lateral setae on the tail,three cervical setae,distal structure on the supplement,and much longer body length with bigger De Man ratio "a".Type specimens are deposited in the College of Marine Life Science,Ocean University of China.     

青岛太平湾砂质潮间带小型底栖生物丰度和生物量的研究

于2004年10月~2005年10月对青岛太平湾砂质潮间带进行了小型底栖生物的逐月采样,对丰度和生物量进行定量研究。结果表明,小型底栖生物的年平均丰度为(1 025.40±268.84)ind.10cm-2,平均生物量为(1 195.87±476.53)μgdwt.10cm-2,平均生产量为(10 762.80±4 288.77)μg dwt.10cm-2a-1。小型底栖生物在丰度和生物量上呈现了明显的季节变化,高值主要出现在4,5,6月,而低值在8,9月。共鉴定出l2个类群,线虫在丰度上占绝对优势(89.2%)。按生物量,多毛类占46.9%,其次为线虫31%。其它较多的类群还有涡虫、桡足类、腹毛虫、寡毛类等。50%以上的小型底栖生物分布在0~4cm表层,冬季部分向下迁移。Pearson相关分析表明,小型底栖生物数量对间隙水溶氧表现出明显的滞后效应,而与盐度、pH和沉积物环境因子相关性不明显。     

Changes in zooplankton community structure in Sanmen Bay, China

Seasonal variations in zooplankton abundance,biomass,species diversity and community structure were investigated in the Sanmen Bay,China.Samples were collected from 15 stations,on the seasonal basis,in April(spring),July(summer) and October 2005(autumn) and January 2006(winter),respectively.The results show that zooplankton species number,abundance and biomass varied widely and had distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Sanmen Bay.A total of 72 species of zooplankton belonging to 56 genera and 17 groups of pelagic larvae were identified.The zooplankton species richness was strongly related to salinity.Based on hierarchical cluster analysis,zooplankton in this study area were classified into three groups:coastal,neritic and pelagic groups,which corresponded to the upper,middle and lower portion of the Sanmen Bay,respectively.The coastal low-saline species were dominant in the study area.The zooplankton abundance and biomass reached a peak in summer,moderate in spring and autumn,and the lowest in winter.Zooplankton abundance decreased from the upper to lower portion of the bay in April,when the highest biomass occurred in the middle portion of the bay.There were the same spatial distribution patterns for the biomass and abundance in July,with the maximum in the middle of the bay.However,zooplankton abundance was the highest in the middle of the bay in October,when maximum biomass occurred near the lower of the bay.Zooplankton abundance and biomass were evenly distributed in the Sanmen Bay in January.Spatial and temporal variations in zooplankton and their relationship with environmental factors were also analyzed.The BIOENV results indicate that the combination of chlorophyll a(Chl-a),salinity,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved oxygen(DO) and silicate(SiO3) was responsible for the variations in zooplankton community structure in the Sanmen Bay.The environmental changes played an important role in changes in the zooplankton community structure in the Sanmen Bay.     

孟加拉湾海洋热浪季节变化特征与可能成因

本文基于1982−2021年的NOAA最优插值海表温度等资料,分析了孟加拉湾海洋热浪季节分布特征与可能成因。结果表明：大致以斯里兰卡岛与缅甸伊洛瓦底江河口连线为界,孟加拉湾西北部与东南部海域海洋热浪频率和天数呈现出不同的季节变化特征。在湾西北部海域,海洋热浪频率和天数季节变化较显著,均在夏季达到最大,春、秋季次之,冬季最少。而在湾东南部海域,二者的季节变化相对较弱。依据海洋热浪累积强度将海洋热浪从弱至强分为I～IV4种等级。分析显示,I类和II类较弱海洋热浪主要发生于夏、秋季的湾西部或西北部海域;III类以上严重海洋热浪则多发于春季的安达曼海和湾东南部海域以及夏季的缅甸西南部海域。进一步分析表明,在春、夏和秋季大部分海洋热浪活跃区,较浅的混合层及海表净热通量的变化对这些海区海洋热浪活动可能起主要作用,而冬季湾东南部海域海洋热浪形成与维持可能主要与赤道远地强迫有关。     

防城港湾海域甲壳类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2016年5、8、11月和2017年2月对防城港湾海域开展渔业资源和环境调查,研究了河口湾甲壳类群落结构的空间和季节变化,并分析了甲壳类群落结构与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明:全年调查共捕获甲壳类60种,隶属于2目19科35属,暖水性种和暖温性种分别占60. 0%和40. 0%。春季有51种,夏季有34种,秋季有35种,冬季有26种,秋、冬季间种类相似性指数最高。周年优势种有亨氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hungerfordi)、钝齿蟳(Charybdis hellerii)、日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)、刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)和近缘新对虾(Metapenaeus affinis)等5种,主要种有须赤虾(Metapenaeopsis barbata)、长毛明对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)、中型新对虾(Metapenaeus intermedius)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri)和远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus)等6种。4个季度最大优势种分别为亨氏仿对虾(春季)、刀额新对虾(夏季)、近缘新对虾(秋季)、钝齿蟳(冬季)。全湾甲壳类年均密度和生物量分别为32 201尾/km2和212. 29 kg/km2,均呈现明显的季节变化和空间差异。甲壳类各站位种数变化范围为2～17种,种类多样性指数(H')在0. 200～3. 160之间,丰富度指数(d)在0. 200～2. 230之间,均匀度指数(J)在0. 160～0. 988之间;种数、H'、d和J表现出显著性空间差异,种数和J表现出显著性季节变化。聚类分析、相似性分析及相似性百分比分析表明该海域甲壳类群落存在一定程度的时空异质性。生物-环境分析表明影响该海域甲壳类群落结构的环境因子存在季节差异。     

荣成湾毗邻海域浮游动物群落季节分布特征

利用2009年度4个季度月的现场调查资料研究了荣成湾毗邻海域浮游动物群落的季节分布特征。研究表明, 在荣成湾毗邻海域出现的浮游动物共59个种类, 秋季、夏季和春季浮游动物均为30种以上(依次为38种、35种和32种), 而冬季种类数相对较少(22种)。浮游动物优势种主要为强壮箭虫(Aidanosagitta crassa)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)等种类, 其个体丰度的空间和季节分布特征差异较大。浮游动物湿重生物量冬季最高(433.8 mg/m3), 春季(220.7 mg/m3)和秋季(162.4 mg/m3)次之, 而夏季(52.5 mg/m3)相对较低。浮游动物群落物种多样性指数H′年平均值为2.50, 均匀性指数J′年平均值为0.65, 季节比较上, 夏季浮游动物多样性和均匀度均较高, 而春季多样性和均匀性平均值为低值, 且最大值和最小值之间波动范围较大。进一步分析显示, 湾内的筏架养殖对浮游动物群落的分布有显著影响。     

2011～2012年度大亚湾海域浮游植物群落的季节变化

于2011年12月至2012年11月采集了大亚湾海域9个站位表层水样, 对大亚湾海域的浮游植物群落结构进行了周年调查。本次调查共鉴定出浮游植物93种, 其中硅藻门40属55种, 甲藻14属33种。秋季浮游植物种类较为丰富, 春季和夏季较低。浮游植物细胞密度为41～396个/mL, 年平均值为72.5个/mL。浮游植物细胞密度夏季较高, 春季较低。硅藻是浮游植物优势类群, 年均占浮游植物总细胞密度的83.6%, 优势硅藻主要有拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia spp.)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)等。甲藻细胞密度一般较低, 各季节甲藻的百分比含量为1.5%～32.6%, 春季血红哈卡藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)大量出现, 最大细胞密度高达82.3 个/mL。浮游植物种类多样性指数(H′)和均匀度(J)在冬季和秋季较高, 夏季较低; 远岸站点较高, 近岸站点较低。研究结果说明虽然大亚湾浮游植物群落结构仍以硅藻占据优势, 但甲藻种类与数量及百分比具有明显上升的趋势, 同时近岸海域的富营养化导致了浮游植物种类多样性的下降。     

象山港人工鱼礁区浮游动物种类组成及群落结构特征

2011年和2012年期间两个夏季(7月)在象山港人工鱼礁区及其邻近海域进行了浮游动物及主要环境因子调查,根据采集的浮游动物样品的分析鉴定及其他环境因子测试结果,对调查海域的浮游动物群落进行研究。结果表明,象山港人工鱼礁区及其邻近海域有浮游动物6大类36种,优势种为短尾类幼体(Brachyura larvae)、汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)等。两个航次鱼礁区浮游动物生物量无显著差异性,与对照区相比,2012年鱼礁区明显较高;浮游动物丰度则出现明显的差异(2011年较大),与对照区相比,鱼礁区无明显差异性;多样性和均匀性变化一致,且出现显著差异(投礁后,多样性明显升高,且高于对照区)。通过对调查水域浮游动物群落聚类分析发现,鱼礁区浮游动物的类群与对照区存在明显的差异,主要分为两个类群,以鱼礁区和对照区的典型两个区域。     

南海三亚湾及邻近海域海洋蓝藻类群组成、分布及演替特征

对海南省三亚湾及邻近海域的主要生态系统的真光层水域、珊瑚礁、红树林、海藻垫生态系统中的海洋蓝藻的种类、分布和季节变化特点进行调查研究,共采集和分离了11属24种蓝藻。结果表明,三亚湾海域真光层水域主要以来自外海的外源性海洋蓝藻束毛藻为主要优势群落,其次有共生蓝藻胞内植生藻Richelia intracelluu-laris和单细胞蓝藻集胞藻属Synechocystis,其中束毛藻主要在南海季风转换期和西南季风控制期的3—8月为主,而蓝藻胞内植生藻的硅藻根管藻共生体主要出现在8—10月的另一季风转换期。在珊瑚礁生态系统中,蓝藻呈多样性分布,有集胞藻属、鱼腥藻属Anabaena、念珠藻属Nostoc、眉藻属Catothrix、颤藻属Oscillatoria和鞘丝藻属Lyngbya,它们主要在3月下旬至8月生物量较高,束毛藻也是珊瑚礁生态系中蓝藻的重要组成部分。红树林生态系统中蓝藻主要以颤藻为主要优势种,其次是鞘丝藻也占重要的比例,在4—10月底都有较高的生物量,它们主要分布在0—5cm深的表土层,其次在红树的根际、气生根和幼苗的茎叶表面都有分布。海洋近岸微型海藻垫中,有些群落主要以颤藻属和鞘丝藻属为主,有些微藻垫以眉藻属为主要优势属种,蓝藻种群随季节的变化有明显的演替。     

Spatial-temporal variation of phytoplankton community structure in Jiaozhou Bay,China

To better understand the spatial-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and its controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, North China, four seasonal sampling were carried out in 2017. The phytoplankton community structure and various environmental parameters were examined. The phytoplankton community in the bay was composed of mainly diatoms and dinofl agellates, and several other species of Chrysophyta were also observed. Diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton group throughout the year, except in spring and winter, when Noctiluca scintillans was co-dominant. High Si/N ratios in summer and fall refl ect the high dominance of diatoms in the two seasons. Temporally, the phytoplankton cell abundance peaked in summer, due mainly to the high temperatures and nutrient concentrations in summer. Spatially, the phytoplankton cell abundance was higher in the northern part of the bay than in the other parts of the bay in four seasons. The diatom cell abundances show signifi cant positive correlations with the nutrient concentrations, while the dinofl agellate cell abundances show no correlation or a negative correlation with the nutrient concentrations but a signifi cant positive correlation with the stratifi cation index. This discrepancy was mainly due to the diff erent survival strategies between diatoms and dinofl agellates. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H′) values in the bay ranged from 0.08 to 4.18, which fell in the range reported in historical studies. The distribution pattern of H′ values was quite diff erent from that of chlorophyll a , indicating that the phytoplankton community structure might have high biomass with a low diversity index. Compared with historical studies, we believe that the dominant phytoplankton species have been changed in recent years due mainly to the changing environment in the Jiaozhou Bay in recent 30 years.     

冬季大连砂质潮间带自由生活海洋线虫群落结构及多样性的比较

本研究于2015年12月在濒临渤海的大连夏家河子沙滩和濒临黄海的大连金沙滩采集海洋线虫样品,对两处砂质潮间带海洋线虫群落结构及多样性特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,两处砂质潮间带海洋线虫丰度、优势种、摄食结构及多样性差异显著。夏家河子海洋线虫平均丰度为(592.0±318.9) ind./(10 cm²),金沙滩海洋线虫平均丰度为(54.6±53.8) ind./(10 cm²),显著低于夏家河子。共鉴定海洋线虫43种,共有种13个。夏家河子沙滩海洋线虫优势种为Daptonema sp.1、Daptonema sp.2、Theristus sp.1、Setosabatieria sp.1、Prochromadorella sp.1、Daptonema sp.3、Paracyatholaimus sp.1、Sabatieria breviseta,以非选择性沉积食性线虫为主;金沙滩海洋线虫优势种为Oncholaimus sp.1、Chromadorita sp.1、Theristus sp.2, Neochromadora sp.1、Enoplus sp.1、Prochromadorella sp.1,以杂食性或捕食性线虫为主。两处砂质潮间带海洋线虫种数S、丰富度指数d和香农−威纳多样性指数H'存在极显著的差异,其值均表现为夏家河子显著高于金沙滩。相似性分析结果显示,两处沙滩的海洋线虫群落结构存在显著差异。间隙水pH、沉积物有机质含量及中值粒径是引起海洋线虫群落结构及多样性差异的主要因子,其中,沉积物中值粒径对线虫群落特征的影响最为突出。就两处沙滩潮区差异而言,受沉积物粒径特征及pH的影响,夏家河子海洋线虫群落特征在不同潮区之间也存在差异,其低潮带海洋线虫多样性高于高、中潮带,杂食者和捕食者丰度高,反映其海洋线虫群落结构较复杂。金沙滩不同潮区的环境因子无显著差异,线虫群落结构及多样性潮区差异不显著,较为均一。此外,水动力对海洋线虫群落结构沙滩差异和潮区差异也产生重要影响。一方面,水动力通过影响不同粒径沉积物的沉积影响海洋线虫群落特征;另一方面,水动力可影响线虫的分散性,进而对其潮区分布产生影响。     

东山湾污损生物生态研究

2008年9月-2009年8月在东山湾海域进行了污损生物周年挂板试验,共记录污损生物102种,以近岸暖水种为主,其中网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulates)是该海域最具代表性的优势种,其他优势种还有裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)、双列笔螅(Pennaria disticha)、纵条肌海葵(Haliplanella luciae)、僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cucullata)、变化短齿蛤(Brachidontes variabilis)、巴西地钩虾(Podocerus brasiliensis)、梳肢片钩虾(Elasmopus pecteniclus)、强壮板钩虾(Stenothoe valida)、长鳃麦秆虫(Caprella equilibra)和厦门华藻苔虫(Sinoflustra amoyensis)等。该海区污损生物全年均可附着,附着盛期在4-10月,月板的平均附着量(湿重)为979.43 g/m2,夏季可高达11 799.00 g/m2。污损生物群落多样性以夏季最高,冬季最低;随着试板浸海时间的延长,其上污损生物群落的多样性明显增加,且结构也趋于稳定。     

Evaluating the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of larval fish assemblages in a coastal marine ecosystem (Haizhou Bay,China)

In coastal marine ecosystems, spatial patterns of larval fish assemblages (LFAs) tend to exhibit geographic stability because of relatively stable spawning site selection and predictable oceanographic phenomena such as eddies. To evaluate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of LFAs, we conducted a high spatiotemporal resolution ichthyoplankton survey from April to July in 2013 in the shallow waters (<20 m) of Haizhou Bay, China. Our analysis indicated three distinct assemblages, which were stable geographically but exhibited a gradual and directional change of species composition and abundance over our study period. Sea surface temperature was the most important environmental co‐variate for determining temporal variability of LFAs, likely owing to temperature effects of species composition and spawning period selection of adult fish, along with known temperature‐dependent survival rates of larval fish. Study of LFA spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for improved understanding of adult fish spawning behavior, and has potential to inform design and implementation of conservation and management measures (e.g. marine protected areas) in coastal systems.     

胶州湾春季大型底栖生物多样性及群落结构特征

基于2018年5月胶州湾海域共计20个站位所获取的生物及环境数据,研究胶州湾大型底栖生物多样性以及群落结构特征。调查海域共发现大型底栖生物208种,大型底栖生物总平均丰度和生物量分别为2 654.38 ind./m²和1 024.512 2 g/m²,大型底栖生物物种数、丰度和生物量均呈现北部高、南部低的分布趋势;调查海域优势种以多毛类为主,I_RI值最高的物种为菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum;香农维纳指数与ABC曲线均表明调查海域底栖生态环境整体清洁;在40%相似性水平上,可将调查海域大型底栖生物划分为4个群落;底温和底盐影响调查海域大型底栖生物丰度分布。     

Inter-season and interannual variations in fish and macrocrustacean community structure on a eastern English Channel sandy beach: Influence of environmental factors

The intertidal zone of an exposed sandy beach on the French coast of the English Channel was sampled with a 1.5 m beam-trawl over five years (2000 and 2003–2006) at weekly intervals. The fish and macrocrustacean catches were analysed to determine the inter-season and interannual variation in community structure and relate these variations to changes in the major environmental variables. Only six species (plaice Pleuronectes platessa, common goby Pomatoschistus microps, sprat Sprattus sprattus, sand eel Ammodytes tobianus, brown shrimp Crangon crangon and shore crab Carcinus maenas) from the 27 species captured can be considered as dominant species of the intertidal zone, and they accounted for >90% of total numbers. Most individuals caught were young-of-the-year or juvenile. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and similarities percentage (SIMPER) indicated that inter-season variability of community structure (mean average similarity = 47%) was more pronounced than interannual variability (mean average similarity = 65%). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicates that a substantial component (32.2%) of the measured inter-season variation in community structure can be explained by environmental factors (mainly water temperature). The main inter-season changes in the abundance and community structure were due to the variation of the six key species and reflect the different times of their recruitment. During the five years of the study, the structure of the fish and macrocrustacean spring community persisted from year to year, with the dominant species reappearing consistently even though their abundances fluctuated from year to year. This interannual variation probably reflects variable recruitment success influenced by physico-chemical conditions. In spite of the considerable interannual variation (40 times) in the spring bloom of the prymnesiophyte alga Phaeocystis globosa we found no effect of this bloom on either fish and macrocrustacean species densities or diversity index.     

环境因素对杭州湾中型浮游动物群落结构的控制作用

A quarterly study of mesozooplankton community structure and environmental variables in the Hangzhou Bay was conducted to examine the response of mesozooplankton community to the variation of water mass and environmental condition. The southeast coast of China is a typical region under the intensive influence of Asia monsoon and freshwater discharge from rivers. The water mass and environmental condition of the Hangzhou Bay, which were influenced by the interaction of currents, freshwater discharge of the Qiantang River and Changjiang River Plume, showed significant seasonal variation. Our results showed that both biomass and abundance were significantly higher in summer((247.7±148.8) mg/m~3 and(350.9±215.6) ind./m~3, respectively)than those in other seasons. Four eco-geographical regions were divided based on the cluster analysis of zooplankton community of the Hangzhou Bay throughout the year, except for winter. Monsoon and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) input from freshwater discharge of the Qiantang River and Changjiang River resulted in temporal and spatial variations of environmental gradient in the Hangzhou Bay, which significantly influenced the structure of mesozooplankton community. Redundancy analysis(RDA) indicated that the mesozooplankton community structure was strictly correlated with the DIN gradient, while salinity gradient showed a weak influence in the Hangzhou Bay.     

厦门凤林红树林湿地自由生活海洋线虫群落的研究

2004年冬季在集美凤林类似底质类型、盐度和潮位的海湾地段4个断面,就不同红树植物林中的小型底栖动物数量和自由生活海洋线虫群落进行了研究。结果表明:海洋线虫是凤林红树林中小型底栖动物中的绝对优势类群,占到小型底栖动物的76.1%~96.3%;从丰度来看,旧区白骨壤(Avicennia marina)林中小型底栖动物的数量较少,有污水流过的光滩数量较大;4个断面共鉴定出海洋线虫37种(分类实体单元),其中新区秋茄(Kandelia candel)林中的生物多样性指数较低,旧区白骨壤林中群落具有较高的物种多样性;从出现的物种来看,新区秋茄林、旧区白骨壤林和光滩上出现的优势种和摄食功能群的类型各不相同。从4个断面13个站位进行的聚类分析和MDS标序分析结果推断自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构与不同的红树植物形成的沉积物有关。     

渤海湾潮下带底栖线虫群落的垂直分布

2007年春季在渤海湾天津潮下带采集小型底栖生物样品,分析沉积物中自由生活线虫的垂直分布情况。多元统计分析结果表明,底栖线虫的垂直分布和沉积物深度有关。在较深的5～10cm层,线虫群落与其上层次的差异较大:0～2cm层和5～10cm层差异极显著(P=0.001),2～5cm层和5～10cm层间差异显著(P=0.016)。不同站点间底层的线虫群落差异明显。而沉积物0～2cm层和2～5cm间的线虫群落差异不明显(P=0.541)。列出了SIMPER分析中16种明显影响表层-底层群落的线虫,13种明显影响中层-底层间群落比较的线虫。在研究和比较线虫群落时,应该考虑取样深度的影响。     

福建三沙湾游泳动物种类和数量的季节变化

根据2019年1月、4月、7月和10月四个季度10个站位定置张网调查资料, 对福建三沙湾游泳动物的种类组成及季节变化进行分析研究。结果表明: 调查共获得游泳动物209种, 隶属于3门4纲19目73科144属, 其中鱼类154种, 甲壳类48种, 头足类7种。游泳动物种类数以秋季出现最多, 四个季节共同出现的种类有42种。鲈形目种类最多, 其次是十足目。鱼类适温性以暖水性种类居多, 占71.43%, 暖温性种类次之(27.92%); 生态类型以底层、近底层鱼类居多, 两者合占75.97%。鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)等14个种类是三沙湾游泳动物的优势种类, 季节性优势种居多。三沙湾定置张网调查渔业资源质量密度为111.09 kg/km², 尾数密度为13.72×10³ ind./km², 均以夏季最高, 春季最低。应该进一步加强对三沙湾渔业资源的合理利用和有效保护, 同时重视对外来物种的监测。