利用同一化学流程分析地质样品中的铂族元素含量和铼-锇同位素组成

报道了利用一次溶样和同一化学流程分离富集地质样品中铂族元素(Pt、Pd、Os、Ir和Ru)和Re的方法.该化学流程包括以下几个步骤:(1) Carius管溶样法分解岩石样品中富集铂族元素的矿物;(2)四氯化碳萃取法分离出Os;(3)微蒸馏法进一步纯化Os;(4)阳离子交换树脂法将铂族元素(Pt、Pd、Ir和Ru)以及R...     

卡洛斯管溶样法对苦橄岩中铂族元素的溶解效果考察

卡洛斯管-逆王水溶样方法被普遍运用于基性、超基性岩的铂族元素分析。然而该方法对于这类硅酸岩,尤其是超基性岩的溶样效果一直未被系统探索。Puchtel等曾报道过一些科马提岩中的铂族元素在不同溶样条件下的测度结果,该结果漂移很严重,且并没有随溶样条件的优化而     

微量地质样品铼锇含量及其同位素组成的高精度测定方法

报道了采用新型IsoProbe—T热电离质谱计测定Os含量及其同位素组成和Neptune多接收器等离子体质谱仪（MC—ICPMS）测定Re含量的分析方法。样品化学处理采用Carius管溶样、小型蒸馏法分离和微蒸馏法纯化提取Os以及阴离子树脂交换分离Re的方法。采用IsoProbe—T质谱计测定Os同位素组成具有灵敏度高和精度高的特点。对溶液标样，采用多法拉第接收器系统测定Os总量低至0．2ng的样品时，平均^192Os^16O3-离子流强度可达100mV以上并可维持约20min，其^187Os／^188Os同位素比值的测定精度可优于0．1％（1RSD）。采用所建立的化学分离流程和高精度质谱测量方法，测定了铂族元素橄榄岩标样WPR-1中Re、Os含量和Os同位素组成，测定结果与文献报道值在误差范围内吻合。     

一种高纯度锇盐中锇含量的重量法测定

<正>Re-Os体系是一种重要的放射性同位素体系,187Re通过β衰变成187Os,因此可以利用Re-Os体系定年,它是目前厘定金属矿床成矿时代的最直接手段。Re和Os都是高亲铁性元素,集中分布在地核内,地幔及地壳丰度极低,对于常见地质样品,要想获得准确的Re、Os含量必须使用同位素稀释法进行测定。同位素稀释法是一种高精度的化学分析方法,向样品中加入已知质量和同位素组成的稀释剂,待样品溶解、同位素交换平衡后,测定样品+稀释剂的同位素组成变化,以此计算样品中待测     

普通热液硫化物中低含量Re-Os同位素定年方法研究

地质样品的Re-Os同位素测定,目前常用的前处理方法是卡洛斯管(Carius tube)王水分解法.硫化物样品由于在王水分解过程中产生大量的气体,使得取样量一般不超过0.5 g以避免卡洛斯管爆炸.     

耦合等离子体质谱技术在地质调查中的应用研究

本文简要介绍近年来开展的ICP—MS在地质调查中的应用研究工作进展。新方法包括镍锍试金-ICPMS测定铂族元素;封闭酸溶-ICPMS测定地质样品中稀土等47个元素;封闭酸溶乙醇增强ICP—MS测定碲;半熔或稀氨水封闭溶样ICP—MS测定碘溴等非金属元素。     

黄铁矿 Re-Os 同位素定年化学前处理若干条件初探

对黄铁矿 Re-Os 同位素定年化学前处理过程中的溶样温度、溶样酸介质及溶样时间进行了条件实验.温度实验结果表明,溶样温度对 Re 的测定结果影响不大,而对 Os 的测定结果影响较明显.溶样温度在120~220℃之间时,无论是 HNO3还是逆王水溶样, Re 含量在误差范围内都是一致的,但在120℃、150℃时, Os 的含量偏离真实值,可能是样品和稀释剂中的 Os 同位素并未完全达到平衡,在180℃、200℃和220℃时, Os 的含量基本一致且接近真实值.溶样酸介质实验表明, HNO3和逆王水溶样对 Re 的测定影响不大,而对 Os 的测定影响较明显.无论是用 HNO3还是逆王水溶样,在不同温度下所得到的 Re 含量是一致的,而在120℃、150℃时,逆王水溶样较 HNO3溶样所得到的 Os 含量更加接近真实值,180℃、200℃和220℃时,两种酸介质溶样得到的 Os 含量基本一致且接近真实值.用逆王水在200℃时溶样,时间为5 h、8 h、12 h、18 h所得到的 Re、187Os 含量基本一致,说明较高温度下在较短的时间内便能达到较好的溶样效果.Fe3+浓度对Re 的阴离子交换效率实验表明, Re 的回收率随着 Fe3+浓度的不断升高而逐渐下降.当黄铁矿取样量为3 g时,上柱体积控制在40 mL 左右可获得较高的 Re 回收率     

地质样品中铂族元素的分析测定方法

文中阐述并归纳了近年地质样品中铂族元素的分离、富集及测试方法方面的最新进展。铂族元素本身的超痕量性,要求实验过程中对空白值的控制,干扰元素的扣除和检测限的降低更为严格,同时要克服块金效应。文中对消解过程中常用的火试金法、酸溶、碱熔方法和卡洛斯管法(Carius tube),分离富集过程中的Te共沉淀和离子交换法,测试手段中的原子光谱法、中子活化法和等离子质谱法等方法的最新进展进行了总结。由于复杂的地质样品中PGE的浓度范围不一、赋存形式多样,要求在具体样品分析过程中灵活地搭配使用各种分离富集和检测方法,结合笔者所在实验室在实验过程中发现的问题,对各种不同类型地质样品中铂族元素的分离富集、样品处理及测定方法也进行了总结。     

五酸溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中的稀土等28种金属元素

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定大批量地质样品中的稀土和钴铪铟锰铌钽铊铬镉镓锗钒锡等金属元素,主要采用三酸或四酸溶解样品.由于地质样品组分复杂,稀土等金属元素含量低,各元素性质差异大,三酸或四酸溶样经常出现易挥发元素如钒铬镉镓锡的测定结果不稳定、镧铈镨钕等稀土元素溶解不完全的问题.本文在盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高...     

煤中黄铁矿的铼-锇同位素含量及其地质意义

采用Carius管溶样方法,通过热电离质谱对淮北煤田煤中黄铁矿样品的Re、Os含量及其同位素进行了测定,得出黄铁矿样品中Re和Os含量分别为1·22~1·29ng/g和0·0046~0·0054ng/g。对两个样品同位素定年测定得出,其年龄值分别为(73·9±3·2)Ma和(33±9)Ma,两个样品的年龄相差约258~286Ma。含量和同位素年龄差值表明两个样品是不同时代形成的黄铁矿。Re-Os同位素体系比值揭示黄铁矿所赋存的地质体受到来自地壳物质的显著混染。另外,γOTs参数也证实了这一点。该参数分别为+17和+18,表明了有富含Re母体的地壳物质的加入,这为煤中Re-Os含量及地质理论研究提供了参考资料。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with