秋季南黄海网采浮游生物的生物量谱

对2006年9月南黄海浮游生物网(孔径为70,160,505μm)采集样品内的浮游生物个体大小的粒径分布进行研究,确定各粒级大小的功能群组成,建立2006年秋季调查水域网采浮游生物的生物量谱,比较分析三个特征水域(黄海近岸、黄海中部及黄海和东海交汇区)的浮游生物生物量谱特征参数的异质性。结果表明:三种网采浮游生物粒级范围主要包括100 pg/个~70 ng/个的浮游植物和70 ng/个~62 mg/个的浮游动物。Sheldon型生物量谱为近似连续的波动曲线,标准型生物量谱为线型。总测区的标准生物量谱斜率和截距为-0.74和18.64,各个特征水域,黄海中部为-0.67和15.60、黄海近岸为-0.64和14.34、黄海、东海交汇区为-0.73和18.03。浮游动物种类多样性对标准生物量谱的特征参数具有较显著的影响。     

南黄海秋季叶绿素a的分布特征与浮游植物的固碳强度

依据2005年10月中下旬对南黄海的调查结果,系统阐述了2005年秋季南黄海叶绿素a的分布特征,并估算了南黄海和东中国近海初级生产力水平及浮游植物固碳强度,分析了控制其变化的生物地球化学机制.结果表明,南黄海表层叶绿素a含量的变化范围为0.11~2.38 mg/m3,平均浓度为0.66 mg/m3,明显高于50 m层的含量.南黄海表层和次表层叶绿素a分布趋势基本一致,均显现出西北高、东南低的趋势,在近岸海域出现显著的高值带,这主要是由于受到陆源输入和沿岸流带来的高营养盐的影响;中部海域的低值区则主要受控于来自东海低营养盐海流的“冲淡”作用.在垂直分布上,叶绿素a最高值基本出现在次表层,与以往发现的该海域次表层溶解氧最大值一致,这显然与南黄海浮游植物及区域水团特性有关.2005年秋季南黄海初级生产力(C)变化在95~1 634 mg/(m2·d),平均为586 mg/(m2·d),其分布趋势显示了海洋初级生产力与海水磷浓度以及水团、海流的关系.应用初级生产力估算的浮游植物固碳强度的结果表明,我国东部近海浮游植物年总固碳量约为222Mt,约占全球近海浮游植物的年固碳量的2.0%,为我国东部近海通过海-气界面总表观碳汇强度每年1 369万t的16.2倍,在不同的海域,浮游植物固碳量是其通过海-气界面总表观碳汇强度的倍数不同(渤海为3.0倍,黄海为6.7倍,东海为81.6倍).     

秋季南黄海水文特征及海水的混合与交换

根据1996年10月中韩合作调查获得的CTD资料,分析探讨了南黄海秋季跃层的分布特征及垂直混合状况,同时对黄海冷水团的垂向混合进行了初步探讨.还利用改进后的逐步聚类分析法划分了表、底层水团,确定了各水团的温度、盐度、溶解氧和PH值4要素的平均特征值,并根据各水团的特性和温度、盐度的平面分布特征,重点探讨了黄海水与沿岸水及东海水的混合和交换.     

南黄海表层不同粒级沉积物中氮的地球化学特征

南黄海不同粒级沉积物中可转化氮[离子交换态氮(IEF-N)、弱酸可浸取态氮(WAEF-N)、强碱可浸取态氮(SAEF-N)、强氧化剂可浸取氮(SOEF-N)]的地球化学特征各不相同,其中SOEF-N是3种粒级沉积物中含量最高的形态,IEF-N是可转化无机氮中的主要存在形态,也是最易参与循环的形态.当同一粒级沉积物中的可转化不同形态氮都能参与循环时,它们对氮循环的相对贡献从大至小依次为SOEF-N>IEF-N>SAEF-N>WAEF-N.对于不同粒级的沉积物来说,细粒级沉积物中的可转化不同形态氮的绝对含量最高,粗粒级沉积物中不同形态氮的绝对含量最低;如果沉积物中3种粒级组分所占的份额相同,那么细粒级沉积物中可转化氮的量占总可转化氮的60%,是中粒级中的2倍,粗粒级沉积物中可转化氮的近7倍,即细粒级沉积物对氮循环的可能贡献最大.随着沉积物粒级的由粗到细,沉积物中可转化有机氮的相对含量逐渐增加,而无机氮的相对含量逐渐降低.     

Distributions of chlorophyll a and carbon fixed strength of phyto-plankton in autumn of the southern Huanghai Sea waters

1IntroductionRecently,the increasing carbon dioxide(CO2)in the atmosphere is viewed by many as perhaps themost serious global environment problemfacing man-kind.Numerous studies and surveys aiming at theglobal CO2flux therefore,have been made to esti-mate…     

南黄海环流的若干特征

主要根据近几年来中韩黄海水循环动力学合作调查结果,结合有关历史资料,对南黄海环流的若干特征进行了分析。所得主要认识为:(1)南黄海环流存在明显的季节变异。冬、夏季环流的基本形态有着较大的差别。(2)黄海暖流的路径和强度均有一定的年际变化。分析显示,1997年冬季,暖流路径明显偏于槽的西侧;而1986年冬,暖流的主流路径则沿槽北上。(3)黄海暖流并非对马暖流的直接分支。黄海暖流水是对马暖流水和陆架水混合而成。而且,它主要是在济州岛西侧海域,从锋区中衍生出来的。(4)夏季黄海表、底层环流大致皆是由一大的道时针向流系构成。但在其表层海盐尺度的气旋式环流内部还存在小的气旋和反气旋流环。分析亦表明,不论表层或底层,皆无高盐暖水从济州岛邻近海域进入黄海东部的明显迹象。     

Community structure of picoplankton abundance and biomass in the southern Huanghai Sea during the spring and autumn of 2006

During spring and autumn of 2006,the investigations on abundance,carbon biomass and distribution of picoplankton were carried out in the southern Huanghai Sea(Yellow Sea,sHS) . Three groups of picoplankton-Synechococcus(Syn) ,Picoeukaryotes(PEuk) and heterotrophic bacteria(BAC) were identified,but Prochlorococcus(Pro) was undetected. The average abundance of Syn and PEuk was lower in spring(5.0 and 1.3 × 10 3 cells/cm 3,respectively) than in autumn(92.4 and 2.7 × 10 3 cells/cm 3,respectively) ,but it was opposite for BAC(1.3 and 0.7 × 10 6 cells/cm 3 in spring and autumn,respectively) . And the total carbon biomass of picoplankton was higher in spring(37.23 ± 11.67) mg/m 3 than in autumn(21.29 ± 13.75) mg/m 3 . The ratios of the three cell abundance were 5:1:1 341 and 30:1:124 in spring and autumn,respectively. And the ratios of carbon biomass of them were 5:7:362 and 9:4:4 in spring and autumn,respectively. Seasonal distribution characteristics of Syn,PEuk,BAC were quite different from each other. In spring,Syn abundance decreased in turn in the central waters(where phytoplankton bloom in spring occurred) ,the southern waters and inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula(where even Syn was undetected) ;the high values of PEuk abundance appeared in the central and southern waters and the inshore of the Shandong Peninsula;the abundance of BAC was nearly three order of magnitude higher than that of photosynthetic picoplankton,and high values appeared in the central waters. In autumn,Syn abundance in central waters was higher than that in surrounding waters,while for PEuk abundance,it decreased in turn in the inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula,the southern waters and the central waters;BAC presented a complicated blocky type distribution. Sub-surface maximum of each group of picopalnkton appeared in both spring and autumn. Compared with the available literatures concerning the studied area,the range of Syn abundance was larger,and the abundance of BAC was higher. In addition,the conversion factors for calculating picoplanktonic carbon biomass were discussed,with the conversion factors which are different from previous studies in the same surveyed waters. The result of regression analysis showed that there was distinct positive correlation between BAC and photosynthetic picoplankton in spring(r=0.61,P 0.001) ,but no correlation was found in autumn.     

秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布及其与环流场的关系

重点分析和研究了秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布状况和水文特征,并在此基础上探讨了营养盐分布及其运移规律与该海域环流场的关系.结果表明:长江冲淡水、苏北沿岸水以及鲁北沿岸水所引起的物质输入是导致南黄海西部近岸海域三个营养盐含量高值区形成的主要因素;由于跃层阻隔以及底层有机物的氧化分解,调查海域中部底层水体也存在较大面积的营养...     

Characteristics of nitrogen forms in the southern Huanghai Sea surface sediments

The distributions of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments of the southern Huanghai Sea are different and affected by various factors. The contents of IEF-N, SOEF-N and TN gradually decrease eastward, and those of SAEF-N northward, while those of WAEF-N westward. Around the seaport of the old Huanghe (Yellow) River, the contents of both SOEF-N and TN are the highest. Among all the factors, the content of fine sediment is the predominant factor to affect the distributions of different forms of nitrogen. The contents of IEF-N, SOEF-N, and TN have visibly positive correlation with the content of f‘me sediments, and the correlative coefficient is 0.68, 0.58 and 0.71 respectively, showing that the contents of the three forms of nitrogen increase with those of f-me sediments. The content of WAEF-N is related to that of fine sediments to a certain extent, with a correlative coefficient of 0.35; while the content of SAEF-N is not related to that of fine sediments, showing that the content of SAEF-N is not controlled by fine grain-size fractions of sediments. In addition, the distributions of different forms of nitrogen are also interacted one another, and the contents of IEF-N and SOEF-N are obviously affected by TN, while those of inorganic nitrogen (WAEF-N, SAEF-N and IEF-N) are not affected by SOEF-N and TN obviously, although they are interacted each other.     

南黄海营养盐的平面分布及横向输运

黄海对我国是颇为重要的陆架海区,也是世界上最典型的半封闭性陆架浅海之一。它和所有陆架海区一样,是人类活动、经济开发最为集中的地带,也是陆地、海洋、大气各种过程相互作用较为激烈的地带。     

南黄海夏季微微型浮游植物丰度的分布

2008年8月中韩合作对南黄海生态系统进行了整体调查,调查站位共计37个。利用流式细胞仪测定了南黄海微微型浮游植物丰度,结合理化环境因子,分析了它们在夏季南黄海的分布特征。所测微微型真核浮游植物丰度平均值为1.9×103个/mL,最大值为2.4×104个/mL;聚球藻丰度平均值为5.3×104个/mL,最大值为5.1×105个/mL;从河口近岸到南黄海中部的宽阔海域,随着环境因子的变化,微微型浮游植物在各海区的分布明显不同,表现为河口近岸区域丰度大,离岸丰度小的特点;各站位丰度垂直分布主要趋势是上大下小,在跃层突出。根据分布趋势,聚球藻可分为两种垂直分布类型,微微型真核浮游植物分为三种。这些分布差异源于长江冲淡水和黄海冷水团的影响。     

南黄海溶解氧的垂直分布特性

根据中韩黄海水循环动力学合作研究项目1996～1998年对南黄海全海域6个航次的现场调查资料,对南黄海溶解氧的断面分布和垂直分布特征及其季节变化规律进行了系统、全面地研究,并对更半年溶解氧垂直分布最大值的地理分布、强度及与温跃层和生物活动的关系等进行了进一步的探讨.     

The circulation in the southern Huanghai Sea and northern East China Sea in June 1999

On the basis of hydrographic data and current measurement (the mooring system, vessel-mounted ADCP and toward ADCP) data obtained in June 1999, the circulations in the southern Huang-hai Sea (HS) and northern East China Sea (ECS) are computed by using the modified inverse method. The Kuroshio flows northeastward through eastern part of the investigated region and has the main core at Section PN, a northward flow at the easternmost part of Section PN, a weaker anti-cyclonic eddy between these two northward flows, and a weak cyclonic eddy at the western part of Section PN. The above current structure is one type of the current structures at Section PN in ECS. The net northward volume transport (VT) of the Kuroshio and the offshore branch of Taiwan Warm Current (TWCOB) through Section PN is about 26.2×106m3/s in June 1999. The VT of the inshore branch of Taiwan Warm Current (TWCIB) through the investigated region is about 0.4×106m3/s. The Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) has much effect on the currents over the     

南黄海悬浮体浓度的平面分布特征及其输运规律

重点分析和探讨了南黄海悬浮体浓度的平面分布及其水平输运,结果显示悬浮体浓度具有显著的空间区域化分布特征,其与该海域环流场的布局和季节转换存在良好的对应关系,南黄海环流是该海域悬浮体运移的主要动力和控制因素;江苏近岸海域在一年四季均为悬浮体浓度的最高值区,其悬浮体主要来源于潮流和海浪所引起的沉积物再悬浮以及苏北沿岸水的携带和输送,而且夏季悬浮体在该海域的累积还可为冬半年在黄海西部沿岸流作用下将其输运至东南海域提供很好的物源保证;长江口东北部海域在春、夏、秋三季出现东北向扩展的高值区,体现了长江冲淡水的影响;石岛外海在冬、春、秋三季也存在悬浮体浓度高值区,并具有向南黄海中部泥质区扩展的态势,这是鲁北沿岸流将现代黄河物质输运至此的结果。发现调查海域中部表底层在春秋季均存在云团状高值区,而且该海域悬浮体浓度自春季至秋季出现"双峰现象",这与春秋季水华期间浮游植物繁殖所产生的有机碎屑有关,并使作为悬浮体组成的海洋浮游生物有机质向沉积物转移,据此进一步指出这一物源可能对南黄海冷涡泥质区的形成、发育也具有一定的作用,该观点深化了对南黄海中部冷涡泥质区受上层生物活动影响以及泥质区物源的认识。     

南黄海陆架沉积物中褶皱的形态及成因

更新世以来南黄海陆架具有构造活动性强、沉积厚度大(100~300m)、褶皱变形保存完整等特点,是研究未固结沉积物中褶皱变形的理想“实验室”.高分辨率单道地震剖面揭示了南黄海陆架沉积物中具有不同几何形态的三种褶皱:(1)断层相关褶皱(包括断层扩展褶皱和断层牵引褶皱);(2)横向弯曲褶皱;(3)复合作用褶皱.对褶皱的成因和几何形态的研究表明,控制未固结沉积物中褶皱形成的因素是基底断层及其形成的断块,而不是区域应力场.大量孔隙水可能对沉积物的几何形变具有重要的影响作用.沉积物中断层扩展褶皱和牵引褶皱在形变程度上具有连续性,说明两者在成因上存在联系.断层扩展褶皱可能引发的地震活动和变形带在海洋工程地质评估中应受到重视.     

Geometries and mechanism of folds in sediments on the southern Huanghai Sea shelf

1Intraduction Foldsinconsolidatedstrataareoftendocumen ted.Butfoldsinloosely consolidatedsedimentsare rarelydiscussed,probablybecauseofthefollowings:(1)folddeformationsinloosely consolidatedsedi mentsareweakortheyhavebeendestroyed;(2)tectonicactivityhasbe…     

南黄海溶解氧的平面分布及其季节变化

根据中韩“黄海水循环及物质通量合作研究”项目1996～1997年现场调查获得的资料,首次对南黄海整个海域溶解氧的平面分布特征及其季节变化规律进行了探讨.对一些主要海洋过程如黄海暖流、台湾暖流、沿岸流、长江冲淡水、黄海冷水团及浮游植物的光合作用等对南黄海溶解氧含量分布的影响进行了讨论.     

Thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat flux in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea

Synoptic features in/around thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat fluxes in the southern Huanghai./Yellow Sea and East China Sea （HES） were examined using the data collected from four airborne expendable bathythermograph surveys with horizontal approxmately 35 km and vertical 1 m（from the surface to 400 m deep） spacings. Since the fronts are strongly affected by HES current system, the synoptic thermal features in/around them represent the interaction of currents with surrounding water masses. These features can not be obtained from climatological data. The identified thermal features are listed as follows ： （ 1 ） multiple boundaries of cold water, asymmetric thermocline intrusion, locally-split front by homogeneous water of approxmately 18 ℃, and mergence of the front by the Taiwan Warm Current in/around summertime southern Cheju - Changjiang/Yangtze front and Tsushima front; （2） springtime frontal eddy-like feature around Tsushima front; （3） year-round cyclonic meandering and summertime temperature-inversion at the bottom of the surface mixed layer in Cheju - Tsushima front; and （4） multistructure of Kuroshio front. In the Kuroshio front the mean variance of vertical temperature gradient is an order of degree smaller than that in other HES fronts. The southern Cheju- Changjiang front and Cheju -Tsushima front are connected with each other in the summer with comparable cross-frontal temperature gradient. However, cross-frontal heat flux and lateral eddy diffusivity are stronger in the southern Cheju - Changjiang front. The cross-frontal heat exchange is the largest in the mixing zone between the modified Huanghai Sea bottom cold water and the Tsushima Warm Current, which is attributable to enhanced thermocline intrusions.     

初春南黄海水文特征及环流状况的分析

根据1996年初春中韩黄海水循环动力学合作调查所获资料,分析了南黄海水文特征及其环流状况,并获得了以下几点主要认识:(1)初春南黄海的温、盐分布特征及环流基本形态,与以往所揭示的冬季状况基本相似.然而,本次调查发现,在30m以浅,黄海中部暖水舌轴线比冬季的明显偏东;且出现一范围较小的孤立的相对高温高盐区.在垂向,一种中层冷水和表层逆温跃层现象出现在黄海局部区域.(2)直接测流的结果,不仅部分地印证了由温、盐场所显示的环流基本形态,而且较好地揭示了流场中发生的一些新现象,其中尤其是绕济州岛的流动.(3)黄海暖流水是对马暖流水和陆架水混合而成.而且,它主要是在济州岛西侧水域,从锋带中衍生出来的.     

南黄海中部沉积物微量元素的环境记录研究

通过对南黄海中部E2站位沉积柱样部分微量元素的特征研究,讨论了近200a来与南黄海中部沉积物相关的主要环境气候演变.铅和金、铂族元素显示人类现代工农业活动对环境的影响在南黄海中部沉积物有明显记录;过渡金属元素和不活泼元素的记录显示小冰期(泛指1550～1850年)的结束,气温的升高对南黄海中部沉积区的氧化-还原条件和黄河流域的风化程度产生了影响;黄河的改道对南黄海中部沉积物陆源碎屑的输入产生影响.