兰家网—带变形构造特征

辉发河断裂带的朝阳镇－－黑石段以北地区广泛发育不同型式的褶皱及断裂,这些皱及断裂规律地沿北东向展布,显示着一种特殊的构造样式。本文认为这种特殊的构造样式是逆冲推覆构造运动的反映,并提出兰家网一带为吉昌－磐石逆冲褶皱推覆构造带根带的新认识。     

秦岭略阳—白水江地区双向推覆构造及形成机制

秦岭勉县—略阳板块缝合带在略阳地区构造样式总体表现为以一系列韧性逆冲断层为骨架,不同岩片(块)由北向南逆冲叠置的叠瓦状构造系,并在北部以状元碑走滑剪切转换带为界与白水江—光头山自南向北的逆冲推覆构造系构成不对称双向推覆构造。两大推覆构造系结构构造分别具有明显的分带性。略阳逆冲构造系包括:前缘褶皱—逆冲带、中部逆冲叠瓦带和后缘逆冲带;白水江—光头山逆冲推覆构造系由前锋推覆带、中部褶皱—逆冲带和根带组成,并显示前展式扩展方式。双向推覆构造形成于印支晚期—燕山早期,是扬子板块北缘碧口地块与南秦岭地块强烈碰撞造山的产物,反映了板块边界对造山带构造变形样式的控制作用以及造山带结构构造的复杂性。     

论内蒙古大青山地区逆冲推覆构造

大青山逆冲推覆构造发育在石拐断陷盆地南侧,由一系列规模大小不等向南倾的叠瓦状逆冲推覆断层构成,由南南西向北北东方向推覆,是单冲型逆冲推覆构造。由北向南分为前缘挤压滑脱构造带、斜歪倒转褶皱—逆冲断层带和逆冲推覆岩席及叠瓦状逆冲断层带。     

桂中坳陷北部河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带分析

通过对典型实测地质剖面的综合构造解释和变形缩短量的估算,发现河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带在逆冲方向、构造样式和变形缩短强度上具有明显的分段性:河池段和宜山段变形强度中等,变形样式分别为由北向南逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造和叠瓦状构造;柳城段变形强度最大,为由南向北逆冲的叠瓦状构造;英山段变形最弱,为由北向南逆冲兼有走滑性质的正花状构造。河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带内部发育的横向调节带和纵向传递带对不同区段构造样式和变形强度具有调节作用。最后,结合区域变形特征,探讨了河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带差异变形的成因机制。     

桂中坳陷改造期构造样式及其成因

桂中坳陷的构造演化一般划分为原型期和改造期两大阶段。改造期主要属于挤压构造样式,目前的研究还相对比较薄弱。从大地构造动力学背景入手,结合区域地质事件,按照盆地发育世代与造山带演化阶段,综合近期野外地质调查与深层地球物理勘探成果等,分析了改造期挤压构造样式。主要有三大区域性冲褶变形构造系,包括大瑶山逆冲推覆构造系,右江逆冲推覆构造系以及雪峰山隆起南缘重力滑覆构造系。总体上,负向地形多褶皱紧闭,正向地形形成相对宽缓的箱状复式背斜褶皱;深层主要发育有基底断裂卷入引发的冲起构造以及与断层相关的断弯、断展、滑动等褶皱样式,浅层有逆冲推覆、纵弯、叠加等褶皱样式。目前桂中坳陷受到东西两侧剪切、向南拉张的应力作用。     

西藏北部新生代大型逆冲推覆构造与唐古拉山的隆起

西藏北部唐古拉山地区新生代发育一大型逆冲推覆构造,推覆构造带走向与唐古拉山脉延伸方向一致,主体呈NW-SE向展布,由北部乌兰乌拉湖—巴庆构造带(锋带)、雀莫错—改纳构造带(中带)和南部各拉丹东—鄂碎玛构造带(根带)构成,构造样式上由根带到锋带表现为:高角度叠瓦逆冲构造、褶皱—逆冲构造和中低角度叠瓦逆冲构造,逆冲推覆运动方向由南西向北东,并在推覆构造带北侧发育新生代沱沱河前陆盆地。同构造岩浆侵入体同位素年代学和前陆盆地沉积充填序列演化表明,推覆构造形成时限为67.1～23.8Ma。推覆构造形成演化受控于印度—欧亚板块碰撞造山和其后印度板块持续向北俯冲动力学体制,并造成唐古拉山地区地壳在始新世—渐新世的强烈缩短、增厚和唐古拉山脉的隆起。     

安徽巢湖煤田控矿构造雏论

采用现代构造几何分析方法,研究了巢湖煤田的控煤构造,发现巢湖煤田主要受大型平卧式褶皱逆冲推覆构造控制。按构造变形特点从南到北可以划分为和县-含山平卧式褶皱推覆构造、巢湖银屏山平卧式褶皱推覆构造和无为平卧式褶皱推覆构造 3个构造带,卷入了震旦系灯影组-三叠系的整个扬子海相沉积盖层。这种大规模的褶皱逆冲推覆是扬子板块沿着郯庐断裂向华北板块A型俯冲的产物。      

华北板块东南缘徐淮推覆-褶皱带的物理模拟

徐淮地区发育一系列推覆-褶皱带,以皇藏峪背斜为界,区域剖面分为具有明显构造差异的东部、西部构造带,其中东部构造带样式主要表现为斜歪褶皱,西部构造带为一系列逆冲推覆构造,构造变形强烈。采用物理模拟手段对徐淮推覆-褶皱带构造的控制因素进行实验研究,选取硅胶、微玻璃珠模拟不同性质滑脱层,石英砂模拟沉积脆性盖层,改变盖层与基底摩擦力、滑脱层深度变化等控制因素。模拟结果表明,剖面上滑脱层性质及深度变化控制区域剖面构造的强弱变化。皇藏峪背斜以东主要以新元古界青白口系泥灰岩充当滑脱层,滑脱层深度大,构造样式主要表现为斜歪褶皱;皇藏峪背斜以西则以寒武系页岩为滑脱层,滑脱层深度小,构造样式主要表现为逆冲推覆构造。     

米仓山推覆构造的结构样式及演化特征

采用变形剖面和平衡剖面综合分析方法研究米仓山地区中新生代构造格局，得出该区构造样式为一大型东西向和北东向叠加的推覆滑脱构造，变形剖面总体格局为推覆—断展复式背斜，次级变形单元具叠瓦扇、逆冲岩席、断展褶皱、层滑褶皱等多种样式。推覆构造演化经历了断展隆起、逆冲推覆、逆掩滑脱和复合叠加变形阶段。     

塔里木盆地西南部齐姆根逆冲推覆构造的特征及其与油气的关系

齐姆根逆冲推覆构造带位于喀什凹陷与叶城凹陷之间的齐姆根凸起上,由3个与盆地边缘大体平行的次级逆冲构造带组成,即阿尔塔什推覆构造带、科克然达坂-希根纳孜吉勒嘎推覆构造带、库斯拉甫推覆构造带。3个次级逆冲构造带分别将石炭系—二叠系推覆在侏罗系、白垩系及古近系—新近系之上,将泥盆系推覆在石炭系—二叠系之上,将元古宙变质岩及古生代花岗岩逆冲在泥盆系及泥盆系之上不整合覆盖的侏罗系之上。根据推覆体地层的叠置关系及逆冲断层的发育特征,齐姆根逆冲推覆构造带是由北向南演化的、后展式发展的逆冲推覆构造系统,其间发育横向调节的走滑断层。逆冲推覆体系的主体断裂沟通了源岩与储层,推覆体下盘发育的大型背斜圈闭为油气聚集提供了有利的场所,运聚条件的合理配置为该区油气勘探提供了良好的前景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861