Tintinnid species as biological indicators for monitoring intrusion of the warm oceanic waters into Korean coastal waters

This study examined seasonal and annual occurrences of warm oceanic tintinnid species in southern Korea coastal waters. The indicative species of tintinnids was monitored using three approaches: monitoring from cruises traveling from the warm pool in the western North Pacific to the Korea Strait; biweekly or monthly monitoring in the Korea Strait; and daily monitoring in the nearshore water. Annual pulses of warm oceanic indicator species were regularly observed in the Korea Strait. In September 2008 recorded a maximum species number of warm water indicators, a representative species for warm oceanic waters, Climacocylis scalaroides was simultaneously detected in the nearshore water as well as the Korea Strait. The result indicates that the greater warm water extension into Korean coastal areas was in September 2008. Sharp declines in species diversity were observed in the transitional area between neritic and Kuroshio zone in East China Sea (ECS). Epiplocyloides reticulata, reported previously as a Kuroshio indicator, was considered an ECS indicator species, as it was undetected in the western North Pacific central zone but was found abundantly in the ECS. Tintinnid species can be used as biological indicators to detect the inflow of warm oceanic waters into Korean coastal waters.     

南海北部上层鱼类浮游生物多样性和丰度的季节变化

The objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal variations of ichthyoplankton diversity and abun-dance in the northern South China Sea based on the data collected during summer, winter and spring. In total, 95 taxa of larval fishes were identified. The greatest number of species was recorded in spring, followed by summer and winter. The number of species was distributed mainly in the coastal waters from the east of Leizhou Peninsula to the southeast of Hainan Island during the surveyed periods of summer and spring, but in the offshore waters during winter. The abundance of larval fish was lowest in winter, increased in spring, and reached the maximum in summer. High abundance of larval fish was generally restricted to coastal waters with the isobaths less than 50 m. Seasonal variations of larval fish richness, abundance and diversity index were significant （P〈0.001）. Carangidae was the most common and abundant taxon in summer and winter, whileSardinella sp.,Thrissa mystax andLeiognathus sp. were dominant in spring. High diversity and abundance of larval fish might be attributed to increased temperature and coastal upwelling in spring and summer.     

A study on zooplankton distribution patterns and indicator species in Kuroshio upstream area and adjacent East China Sea

On the basis of the data of zooplankton biomass and three major taxa—— Copepoda, Chaetognatha andSiphonophora of May-June 1986, July-August and December 1987, the distributional patterns and the indicator species of zooplankton in the Kuroshio and adjacent waters of the East China Sea are preliminarily studied. The results are as follows:The horizontal distribution of zooplankton biomass and the abundance of copepods, chaetognaths and siphonophores arecurred in the continent area northwest of Taiwan and the south-centre section of the East China Sea continent, which are the mix front of different waters. Zooplankton in the water area inside of Ryukyu Islands presented low abundance and high diversity. There are clear seasonal variations in zooplankton biomass and abundance in the study area. The strength or weakness of different water masses and fronts is the basic reason for the variations of zooplankton biomass and abundance.The species composition of zooplankton in the study area is complex and var     

黑潮对东海网采浮游植物群落组成与分布的影响

黑潮入侵深刻影响东海生态环境,但对其如何影响浮游植物群落组成与分布仍知之甚少。为此,于2011年四季对东海(26°～33°N,121°～128°E)共164个站位进行浮游植物拖网采集和环境因子测定,分析了浮游植物丰度和优势种组成及其对黑潮入侵的响应。调查共检出浮游植物9门509种(含变种、变型和未定种),其中硅藻305种、甲藻154种,蓝藻、定鞭藻、金藻、裸藻、绿藻、隐藻和黄藻种类数较少。秋季浮游植物细胞丰度最高(30 496.91×10³ cells/m3),高值区位于黑潮与长江冲淡水交汇形成的锋面处;夏季次之(28 911.28×10³ cells/m³),高值区分布与秋季相似;春季较少(19 180.76×103 cells/m3),高值区位于舟山群岛东南部;冬季最低(472.36×10³ cells/m³),高值区位于东海南部。冬季受黑潮表层水入侵影响,主要优势种为铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii);春、夏季主要优势种为骨条藻(Skeleto...     

东海温度锋的分布特征及其季节变异

根据１９３４－１９８８年东海水文观测资料，重点分析东海温度锋的分布特征及其季节变异，并结合近期中日黑潮合作调查研究成果，初步探讨温度锋季节变异和水团演变的关系，所得主要结论是：（１）东海不仅常年存在浙闽沿岸锋，东海北部陆架锋和黑潮锋，而且、春、夏两季，在东海南部还出现一条东海中部出架锋。（２）江海温度锋季节变化的特点是：冬季，锋的宽度和强度皆是表层最强，夏季，表层温度锋仅出现在浙江近岸小范围海域。     

Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshiowater in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.     

Spring phytoplankton bloom in the fronts of the East China Sea

Frontal areas between warm and saline waters of the Kuroshio currents and colder and diluted waters of the East China Sea (ECS) influenced by the Changjiang River were identified from the satellite thermal imagery and hydrological data obtained from the Coastal Ocean Process Experiment (COPEX) cruise during the period between March 1^st and 10^th, 1997. High chlorophyll concentrations appeared in the fronts of the East China Seas with the highest chlorophyll-a concentration in the southwestern area of Jeju Island (~2.9 mg/m³) and the eastern area of the Changjiang River Mouth (~2.8 mg/m³). Vertical structures of temperature, salinity and density were similar, showing the fronts between ECS and Kuroshio waters. The water column was well mixed in the shelf waters and was stratified around the fronts. It is inferred that the optimal condition for light utilization and nutrients induced both from the coastal and deep waters enhances the high phytoplankton productivity in the fronts of the ECS. In addition, the high chlorophyll-a in the fronts seems to have been associated with the water column stability as well.     

A numerical study of the summertime flow around the Luzon Strait

Luzon Strait, a wide channel between Taiwan and Luzon islands, connects the northern South China Sea and the Philippine Sea. The Kuroshio, South China Sea gyre, monsoon and local topography influence circulation in the Luzon Strait area. In addition, the fact that the South China Sea is a fairly isolated basin accounts for why its water property differs markedly from the Kuroshio water east of Luzon. This work applies a numerical model to examine the influence of the difference in the vertical stratification between the South China Sea and Kuroshio waters on the loop current of Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait during summer. According to model results, the loop current’s strength in the strait reduces as the strongly stratified South China Sea water is driven northward by the southwest winds. Numerical results also indicate that Kuroshio is separated by a nearly meridional ridge east of Luzon Strait. The two velocity core structures of Kuroshio can also be observed in eastern Taiwan. Moreover, the water flowing from the South China Sea contributes primarily to the near shore core of Kuroshio.     

夏季台湾海峡水及黑潮次表层涌升水向东海近陆架区营养盐输送通量的估算

According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea(ECS) in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate(PO4-P), silicate(SiO3-Si) and nitrate(NO3-N) fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density(i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section) of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS.     

Distribution of zooplankton biomass in the southeastern East China Sea

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Low-Frequency Temperature Variability at Fukue Island Located Southwest of the Tsushima Straits

Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity variations at Fukue Island (located southwest of the Tsushima Straits) were investigated. In spring, low-frequency SST fluctuations with periods of 10–20 days predominate. Synthetic analysis of in situ observation and satellite infrared image reveals that these SST fluctuations are caused by movement of mixed warm water masses which have a temperature intermediate between those of the Kuroshio and the East China Sea (ECS) shelf waters. Since these fluctuations do not correspond with those in the Tsushima Straits, it is indicated that these water masses can hardly pass the Tsushima Straits while retaining their original water properties. In July, SST fluctuations with a period of several days are also found at Fukue Island. Since these SST fluctuations show an opposite correspondence with its salinity fluctuations and a good correspondence with the SST fluctuations at Okinoshima in the Tsushima Straits, it is inferred that warm and low-salinity water originated from the ECS shelf water causes these fluctuations and intrudes into the Tsushima Straits.     

~(234)U/~(238) as a potential tracer for tracking water masses mixing in the northern East China Sea

The optimum multiparameter(OMP) method was often used to determine the percentages of water masses based on temperature, salinity and other parameters, like nutrient or dissolved oxygen(DO). There are a number of water masses in the East China Sea(ECS), a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. However, it is difficult to clarify the proportion of water masses using traditional parameters, such as temperature, salinity, nutrient or DO because of the occurring of intensive biogeochemical processes in the near shore and shelf areas. Here, we reported the use of ~(234)U/~(238)Uactivity ratio embedded in the OMP method. The results indicate that seawater in the northern ECS mainly consisted of the estuarine water of Changjiang River(CEW), Kuroshio water(KW), and Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC). In March 2017, the CEW only influenced the offshore waters shallower than30 m; the KW affected the east edge and the YSCC contributed more than 75% in the northern ECS.     

234U/238U as a potential tracer for tracking water masses mixing in the northern East China Sea

The optimum multiparameter (OMP) method was often used to determine the percentages of water masses based on temperature, salinity and other parameters, like nutrient or dissolved oxygen (DO). There are a number of water masses in the East China Sea (ECS), a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. However, it is difficult to clarify the proportion of water masses using traditional parameters, such as temperature, salinity, nutrient or DO because of the occurring of intensive biogeochemical processes in the near shore and shelf areas. Here, we reported the use of 234U/238U activity ratio embedded in the OMP method. The results indicate that seawater in the northern ECS mainly consisted of the estuarine water of Changjiang River (CEW), Kuroshio water (KW), and Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC). In March 2017, the CEW only influenced the offshore waters shallower than 30 m; the KW affected the east edge and the YSCC contributed more than 75% in the northern ECS.     

印度尼西亚北部苏拉维斯蓝碧海峡2012-2015年东南季风期间浮游植物的变化

2013年4月,2014年5月,2012年6月和2015年10月在印度尼西亚北部苏拉维斯蓝碧海峡（Lembeh Strait）进行了4个航次的海洋生态调查,研究了蓝碧海峡的浮游植物种类组成,以及浮游植物群落结构的季节变化及其驱动因子。四个航次的调查中记录了5类浮游植物和416个种（类）。调查区浮游植物密度平均为2348cells/L,硅藻和甲藻种类最多。蓝藻种类最少,但丰度很高。季风转换期的4月份和10月份浮游植物丰度总量较低,东南季风期间5月份和6月份的浮游植物丰度较高。除了束毛藻（Trichodesmium）之外,常见种是浮游硅藻。浮游植物的丰度和多样性的季节性变化明显。海链藻（Thalassionema）、拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia）和蓝藻类的束毛藻对群落的不相似性贡献最大。由于蓝碧海峡南部营养盐浓度较高,南部水域的硅藻和甲藻密度稍高于海峡北部。虽然,南北两个水体中蓝藻的分布趋于均匀,但蓝碧海峡南部也有较高密度。与雅加达湾以及中国的一些海湾相比,蓝碧海峡的浮游植物丰度相当低。分析表明,SE季风期间上升流营养盐是左右浮游植物丰度月变化的重要因素。蓝碧海峡浮游生态系原始,且接近天然本底,人类活动背景噪声低,能够清晰地响应大环境的变化,是研究浮游生态系统的理想区域。     

Seasonal circulation in the southeastern Huanghai Sea

The seasonal circulation in the southeastern Huanghai Sea has been studied with hydrographic data,which were observed in February and June 1994 and bimonthly during 1970-1990,and numerical model results.Horiwntal distributions of temperature and salinity in 1994 are quite different due to strong tidal mixing so that we need a analysis to see the real distributions of water masses.The mixing ratio analysis with the data of 1970-1990 shows the connection of the waters in the west coasts of Kotea Peninsula with warm and saline waters from the south in summer,which means northward inflows along the west coasts of Korea Peninsula in summer.With this flow,the seasonal circulations,which are deduced from the seasonal change of water mass distributions in the lower layer,are warm inflows in winter and mld outflows in summer in the central Huanghai Sea,and cold outflows in winter and warm inflows in summer along the west coasts of Korea Peninsula.The seasonally changed inflows might be the Huanghai Sea Warm Current.The monsoon winds can drive such circulations.However,summer monsoon winds are weak and irregular.As one of other possible dynamics,the variation of Kuroshio transport is numerically studied with allowing sea level fluctuations.Although it should be studied more,it possibly drives the summer circulations.The real circulations seem to be driven by both of them.     

2010年7月至2015年5月黑潮对邻近中国海的影响和琉球海流在中国研究的进展

黑潮对邻近中国海的影响和琉球海流研究在物理海洋学是一个很重要的、有趣的课题。为了深入地阐明由中国科学家自2010年7月至2015年5月期间所作研究的进展,本文在以下三个方面进行评述。第一方面是关于黑潮入侵南海以及在吕宋海峡周围的环流,分为以下二个很重要论题做阐述:黑潮入侵的季节和年际变化以及黑潮入侵的机制;黑潮对吕宋海峡海流和南海北部环流的影响。第二方面是关于黑潮及其对东海相互作用的变化,分为以下四个有趣的论题来阐述:东海黑潮研究的评述;黑潮入侵东海,水交换以及动力因子;由于黑潮作用营养物质通量在下游增加;从卫星遥感的应用对黑潮入侵东海对陆地物质通量的影响。第三方面,琉球海流与东海黑潮相互作用也被讨论。最后本文主要点作了总结,对今后进一步需要研究也被讨论。     

黑潮和中国近海环流

本文根据历史资料总结和讨论了黑潮对中国近海环流影响的基本结果,指出经巴士海峡进入南海和沿台湾海峡向北运动的黑潮分支,其年际变化明显,并认为该黑潮分支的运动状况对中国近海特别是南海和东海南部的中、下层环流影响显著,需要作进一步的调查研究。     

东海黑潮强度与东亚冬季风关系的分析研究

利用卫星高度计资料和再分析资料,本文分析研究了东海黑潮强度与东亚冬季风的关系,并初步探讨了二者相互作用的可能机制。结果表明,位置相近的断面,其流强变化具有相似的特征;在年际尺度上,冬季风与东海黑潮存在相互作用。当冬季风偏强,将削弱次年2-4月SC、SD断面的流强,弱冬季风年的情况相反。冬季风对流强影响的动力过程主要通过改变Ekman输送来实现;热力过程则表现为强（弱）冬季风增大（减少）了黑潮向大气释放的热通量,从而削弱（增强）流强,这一过程主要为冬季风对黑潮的影响。当冬季风偏强时,次年10-12月黑潮中下游流强偏弱,弱冬季风年的情况相反。这一过程与2-4月情况不同,其热力过程主要表现为黑潮对冬季风的影响。强冬季风通过准两年振荡对次年冬季的黑潮流强产生影响,由此构成了一个包含海洋和大气耦合过程的正反馈机制。黑潮流域的海气相互作用过程可能受冬季风和黑潮流强相对强弱的调制,海洋过程和大气过程主导一方的转换中存在一个“临界值”。     

台湾海峡南部的海洋锋

通过近期水文观测,结合卫星遥感和历史水文资料,对台湾海峡南部海域的海洋锋现象进行了整体分析。结果表明,由于多种水系在此交汇,台湾海峡南部冬、夏季匀有明显锋面发育。受季风气候影响,锋面发育有显著的季节差异。夏季影响本海区的水系主要有韩江冲淡水、上升流、南海水、和黑潮水等。它们的交汇形成了韩江冲淡水羽状锋、台湾浅滩上升流锋、黑潮锋、以及陆架／陆坡锋等的三维锋结构。韩江冲淡水和上升汉对夏季海崃南部浅海峰     

Study on biological oceanography characteristics of planktonic copepods in waters north of Taiwan Ⅰ.Abundance distribution

I~IOXWith regard tO the 5,tudy on the planktonic copeal distributions in the Kuroshio waters ofthe East China Sea and its adjacent areas, a great ~nt of reSearch work has been made by somescholars at home (He and Yang, 1990; Meng et al., 1990; He, 1990; Liu et al., 1991; He etal., 1992; He et al., 1994). HOwever, the most of them were made in a single season, and it isabet about in the research of the various aspects of species comPOSition, abundance distributionand ecological characte…