鲁西南地区土壤中有机氯农药的残留及其分布特征

在鲁西南地区1.08×104km2的范围内以1点/36km2的采样密度采集表层土壤299件,测试六六六（HCH）、滴滴涕（DDT）等10项指标。研究这些指标的含量变化,发现区内土壤中停用20多年的六六六（HCH）、滴滴涕（DDT）仍有较高的检出率。土壤中六六六（HCH）4种异构体β-HCH含量最高, P,P′-DDE和P,P′-DDD为滴滴涕（DDT）的主要存在形式;进一步研究α-HCH／γ-HCH、β-HCH／γ-HCH和（P,P′-DDE＋P,P′-DDD）/P, P′-DDT值的变化规律,得出调查区内仅滴滴涕（DDT）在局部可能存在新的污染源输入,而大部分地段六六六（HCH）、滴滴涕（DDT）农药使用时间较长,其组分已经通过物理、化学等作用发生了很大变化,污染是过去形成的。土壤环境质量评价结果表明区内土壤质量能保障农业生产、维护人体健康。     

北京通州某改造区土壤中PAHs的来源分析及风险评价

近些年,随着我国城市化进程不断加快,土壤中多环芳烃污染已经成为威胁土壤环境质量和人体健康的主要因素。文章采集了北京市通州某改造区15件表层土壤（0~20 cm）样品,利用GC-MS分析技术,研究了土壤中美国环境保护署（USEPA）优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量及组分特征,根据多环芳烃的空间分布特征和特定成分之间的浓度比值结合多元统计法分析了其污染来源,初步评价了其污染水平,并进行健康风险评价。结果表明:表层土壤中16种多环芳烃含量范围为6.57~8 307.2 μg/kg,均值为1 004.08 μg/kg。多环芳烃组分特征及Fla与（Fla+Pyr）、BaA与(BaA+Chr)的相对质量比值特征显示改造区是燃煤和汽车尾气混合型来源;多元统计后发现石油烃类污染源和化石燃料燃烧源是两种主要成分。最后参照《污染场地风险评估技术导则（HJ 25.3—2014）》对土壤中PAHs进行了健康风险评价,除苯并（a）芘（BaP）致癌风险值略偏高不可接受外,其余致癌与非致癌风险值均可接受。     

拉萨市拉鲁湿地多环芳烃污染及其来源

通过分析采集的土壤、沉积物和大气样品,对拉萨郊区的拉鲁湿地多环芳烃污染及其来源进行了初步研究.湿地表层土壤中16种多环芳烃的平均含量的总含量为82.45×10^-9,既存在低环数的多环芳烃,又含有高环数的多环芳烃;湿地土壤中的多环芳烃主要来自于大气.     

太原市区土壤中多环芳烃污染特征研究

采用1个样/km2的密度,1个分析组合样/25km2的方法,对太原市区土壤中多环芳烃进行了调查。结果表明,太原市区土壤中多环芳烃的平均含量为8.65μg/g;空间分布上北高南低,高值点主要位于工业区及交通要道地段;组成上以四环及四环以上的多环芳烃为主。通过与国内外城市土壤的对比可知,太原市土壤PAHs污染已相当严重,其来源主要是煤炭的燃烧。太原市工业布局、能耗类型和地理位置是造成土壤PAHs污染的主要原因。     

第二松花江中下游河段底泥中多环芳烃的初步研究

第二松花江中下游河段8个底泥中多环芳烃（PAHs）分析表明，5种多环芳烃含量和多环芳烃总量随取样点位置发生明显的变化，城区河段底泥中各种PAHs含量和PAHs总量均高于非城区河段。2环加3环与5环PAHs化合物分布特点表明第二松花江中下游非城区河段底泥中PAHs的来源以石油类污染为主，而城区河段PAHs的来源则主要是化石燃料高温燃烧。第二松花江中下游河段（尤其是城区河段）底泥中PAHs具有较高生态风险，可能会对生物产生一定的负面影响。     

北京密云房山地区土壤中多环芳烃的组成与分布特征

选择北京城近郊房山与密云地区的土壤进行了多环芳烃的定量分析，同时探讨了多环芳烃在土壤中的分布特征与来源。研究结果显示：密云、房山两地土壤中多环芳烃的含量值具有明显差异，提示了两地工业活动影响强度的不同；各采样区土壤中多环芳烃总量的平均值在45．98～388．23ng／g变化，根据多环芳烃的特征参数可以推测研究区土壤中的多环芳烃主要来自于化石燃料的不完全燃烧。     

山东烟台市土壤中有机氯农药的分布特征

在山东烟台市1.3万km2范围内以1个点/36 km2采样密度采集表层土壤样品408件,测试六六六、滴滴涕等10项指标,并研究其含量变化.区内土壤中停用近30年的六六六、滴滴涕仍有检出,且部分样点含量较高,按土壤环境质量评价标准,研究区内出现了Ⅲ类和超Ⅲ类土壤.土壤中六六六的4种异构体,除个别样点δ-HCH含量高外,其...     

污染土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解及其机理研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类普遍存在于环境中的难降解危险性“三致”有机污染物。微生物对多环芳烃的降解是去除土壤中多环芳烃的主要途径。研究表明，对于土壤中低分子量多环芳烃类化合物，微生物一般以唯一碳源方式代谢；而大多数细菌和真菌对四环或四环以上的多环芳烃的降解作用一般以共代谢方式开始。本文重点论述了高分子量多环芳烃：芘和苯并(a)芘的微生物降解及其机理。并介绍了多环芳烃污染的微生物—植物联合修复机制，最后展望了污染土壤中多环芳烃的研究趋势。     

城市土壤环境地球化学研究--以苏州市为例

通过苏州城市环境地球化学调查工作的实施,对城市土壤环境地球化学研究的工作方法进行了初步研究.结果显示,苏州城市土壤的主要污染区域分布于东南居民生活区、西部工业区、东部木材加工厂集中区及公路干线一带;主要污染物为重金属、有机污染物多环芳烃、有机氯农药等.根据城市自然地理环境、功能分区特点和分布面积大小,确定土壤环境地球化学采样密度和测试项目是城市土壤环境地球化学研究的关键技术.     

青海省典型高山农业区域土壤重金属污染评价及来源探析

土壤中重金属污染往往是多种成因来源和作用途径叠加综合的结果,简单地判别重金属元素来源不足以为区域土壤重金属污染治理提供足够信息,需定量计算各类排放源对元素的相对贡献率,确定主要污染源。中国青藏高原表土重金属含量近年来有聚集趋势,但是对于重金属来源的定量解析缺乏,位于青藏高原东部区域以及农业土壤的研究也有待补充。为深入了解青藏高原东部典型高山农业区的土壤重金属分布特征、生态风险及污染来源,本文对青海省泽库县的表层土壤（0~20cm）样品进行了采集,对As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn等10种重金属含量进行了分析。采用原子荧光光谱法（AFS）、电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法（ICP-MS/OES）等方法测定元素含量,结合基础统计分析方法及对比分析法,研究了重金属含量和空间分布特征;应用富集因子（EF）、地累积指数（Igeo）和潜在生态风险指数（PERI）确定了研究区土壤重金属污染程度和生态风险情况,并利用主成分分析-绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归模型（PCA-APCS-MLR）定量解析了重金属主要潜在来源。结果表明：①As元素的含量均值高于土壤国家环境质量标准,其他重金属含量均小于土壤环境质量标准值。②与中国土壤环境背景值与青海省表层土壤背景值相比,Cd、Hg含量均小于背景值,As、Mn均值含量远超背景值,Co、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn含量略大于背景值,Cu基本接近于背景值。③富集因子（EF）、地累积指数（Igeo）和潜在生态风险指数（PERI）分析结果基本一致,As表现出的危害趋势最高,其他重金属均较低。④空间分布上,泽库北部重金属含量明显要高于其他区域,位于泽库县东北部的麦秀镇表现出多种重金属含量高的现象。⑤与青海湖流域、公路沿线土壤、玉树县等青藏高原其他区域相比,泽库县表层土壤中As、Mn含量较高。Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn元素含量基本上要高于青海湖流域地区,但是与公路沿线、玉树县等人为活动较为丰富的区域相比则含量低。与三江平原、淮北平原等典型平原地区农田土壤相比,泽库县作为典型高山区域的农田区域,其重金属含量绝大部分要低于平原地区农田土壤。⑥根据相关性分析、主成分分析和PCA-APCS-MLR的结果,研究区重金属主要有4个来源,自然源对Cr、Co、Mn、Ni贡献率分别为64.49%、48.35%、67.68%、77.99%,交通源对Cd、Pb、Zn影响大,贡献率分别为75.46%、50.75%、55.54%,矿业冶炼对于As、Cu影响较大,贡献率分别为43.52%、37.29%,大气沉降的远源因素对Hg的影响最显著,贡献率达到43.39%。其他源对As、Cr、Hg、Cu 和 Pb的影响也较大,需进一步研究明确。综上,对于泽库县,As较其他重金属元素富集明显,但富集程度不高,需进一步预防土壤中As的深度污染。研究区内重金属有自然源、交通源、矿业冶炼及大气沉降的远源等主要4种来源,其他源的定性未能明确需进一步加强研究,而4个主要来源中有3个来源属于人类活动性质,因此人类活动对于泽库县这类典型高山农业土壤的重金属影响需受到关注,采取相关措施避免重金属污染富集现象加重。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861