地闪回击电磁场对架空线路耦合过电压的数值模拟

为了研究地闪回击通道周围的电磁场对架空线路的耦合过电压,首先采用指数衰减传输线型工程回击模式(MTLE)模拟分析了回击通道周围电磁场的分布特征,然后运用以Agrawal模型为基础的场—线耦合程序对架空线路感应过电压进行了数值计算,并将模拟计算结果与人工引雷实验结果进行比较,所得线路过电压的计算结果与实验数据基本相符。模拟结果表明,地闪回击电场的垂直分量和水平分量都应考虑到场—线耦合机制中;回击通道基电流波形的陡度同时影响到架空线路感应过电压的幅值和陡度,而电流幅值只影响感应过电压的幅值;当观测距离较近(50 m)时,架空线路上感应过电压幅值与电流回击速度呈反相关;随着观测距离的增加,架空线路上感应过电压波形上升沿时间增加、幅值减小;此外,架空线路感应过电压幅值随线路高度和接地电阻的增加而增大,与线路长度和直径的变化无关。     

雷电对建筑物内电子设备的危害

由雷电流产生危害的方式出发,从暂态电位抬高、回路感应过电压、线路感应过电压、耦合过电压四个方面进行详细分析,明确了雷电流产生危害的起因及形式,阐明了雷电对建筑物内电子设备危害的具体原因及危害原理,为如何做好雷电防护提供技术基础。     

感应过电压的入侵途径和防护

采用 RL电路微分方程对一般情况下雷击产生的感应过电压值进行了计算 ,分析了感应过电压形成原因、入侵途径 ,依据有关规范及结合防雷工程的体会 ,对感应过电压的危害提出了较详细的防护措施     

观测场共用地网与独立地网探讨

该文以在建的小岩关观测场为例,将现场收集到的数据巧妙代入瞬态电压的计算公式中,分别计算出主采集器和地温分采集器在不同雷电流流过时的瞬态电压值,并把此值和设备的耐受电压进行比较,得出独立地网能够很好地防止雷电流的入侵,而采用共用地网就必须保证接地电阻足够的小,才能保护设备不受损坏。     

电涌保护器工作原理及安装

防雷工作实践中发现,众多的雷电灾害事故都是由雷电波通过电源线和信号线侵入,并在上面形成雷电暂态过电压造成的,而且呈逐年上升的趋势。对此,常用的防护措施是安装电涌保护器(SPD),其作用就是将雷电暂态过电压限制在设备或系统所能承受的电压范围内,或将强大的雷电流泄流入地     

低压配电线路直击雷过电压暂态分析

利用电磁暂态仿真软件ATP-EMTP建立直击雷过电压仿真模型,模拟雷电流直接击中导线和击中杆塔情况下产生过电压的过程,分析了绝缘子闪络电压、杆塔冲击接地电阻以及导线悬挂高度等影响低压配电线路直击雷耐雷水平的因素,提出了提高低压配电线路耐雷水平的防护措施。     

电涌保护器工作原理及安装

防雷工作实践中发现,众多的雷电灾害事故都是由雷电波通过电源线和信号线侵入,并在上面形成雷电暂态过电压造成的,而且呈逐年上升的趋势.     

气象信息系统雷电综合防护技术的探讨

分析了雷电对广西气象台站的气象信息系统造成危害的主要原因,并提出了采用接闪、分流、屏蔽、合理布线、等电位连接、共用接地系统、过电压和过电流电涌防护等进行综合防护的主要措施。     

限压型SPD安全性试验

氧化锌压敏电阻(MOV)和热脱离保护装置是限压型电涌保护器(SPD)的核心部件,直接决定SPD的安全性能。深入分析这2个部件的失效模式,总结出部件设计需要考虑的参数因子十分必要。本文通过试验研究了MOV在最大持续工作电压Uc下工作温度升高、冲击电流过大及暂态过电压3种情况下的故障模式,并在MOV故障模式下对热脱离保护装置进行性能试验,得出提高限压型SPD安全性的措施:(1)选择匹配的MOV(包括通流能力和残压、高温稳定性、过大冲击电流下工频耐受能力、暂态过电压耐受能力);(2)设计可靠的热脱离保护装置(包括材料属性、取热点位置、脱扣距离、脱扣力及其焊接工艺、增加内置式过电流保护装置等)。     

气象信息系统雷电综合防护技术的探讨

分析了雷电对广西气象台站的气象信息系统造成危害的主要原因，并提出了采用接闪、分流、屏蔽、合理布线、等电位连接、共用接地系统、过电压和过电流电涌防护等进行综合防护的主要措施。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.