西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系

采用NCEP／NCAR再分析逐日资料和SCSMEX等资料，根据全型垂直涡度倾向方程，研究了1998年6月西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系。结果表明，副热带地区的非绝热加热对副高位置变化有很重要的作用。与气候平均状况相比，1998年6月副高北侧的非绝热加热垂直变化较常年偏强，而南侧较常年偏弱。这种异常的非均匀加热状况导致我国华南、江南、长江中下游地区呈现异常气旋性涡度制造，而中南半岛大部和南海地区为异常反气旋性涡度制造，使得1998年6月副高位置异常偏南。     

MOVEMENT OF THE RIDGE LINE OF SUMMER WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISM*

The analysis of the 40-year averaged daily data in this paper suggests that the vertical structure and movement of subtropical high (SH) ridge in summer evidently differ in different areas,which is close related with spatially nonuniform heating.The SH ridge over the West Pacific tilts northwards with height,while one over the Central Pacific tilts southwards.The northward movements of the Central/West Pacific SH ridges both show distinct low frequency oscillations of 10-20 days,and the movement over the East Asian monsoon area shows obvious oscillations of quasi-40-days as well.The analysis shows that the solar radiation drives the seasonal meridional movement of SH,while the spatially nonuniform heating modifies its movement speed and intensity,thus resulting in its anomalous motion.     

ABRUPT CHANGES OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ITS INTERANNUAL VARIATION DURING LATE SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER

1INTRODUCTIONThesubtropicalhighpressureisthemostimportantcirculationsysteminlowlatitudes.ItisthereforeoneofthehighlyconcernedsubjectsformeteorologistsbothathomeandabroadtoaddresstheissueofthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(tobesimplifiedasWPSH),especiallyforsummer.Thestudyisroughlydividedintothreeaspects[1]:ThefirstonedealswiththepatternwithwhichtheWPSHvaries,whichstudiestheshape,structure,natureandtemporal/spatialchangesetc.;thesecondonediscussesawidescopeoffactorsgoverningtheactivityof…     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE POSITION VARIATION OF THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND THE DIABATIC HEATING DURING PERSISTENT INTENSE RAIN EVENTS IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVERS BASIN

By using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data and daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China, relationships between the position variation of the West Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the diabatic heating during persistent and intense rains in the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin are studied. The results show that the position variation of WPSH is closely associated with the diabatic heating. There are strong apparent heating sources and moisture sinks in both the basin (to the north of WPSH) and the north of Bay of Bengal (to the west of WPSH) during persistent and intense rain events. In the basin, Q 1z begins to increase 3 days ahead of intense rainfall, maximizes 2 days later and then reduces gradually, but it changes little after precipitation ends, thus preventing the WPSH from moving northward. In the north of Bay of Bengal, 2 days ahead of strong rainfall over the basin, Q 1z starts to increase and peaks 1 day after the rain occurs, leading to the westward extension of WPSH. Afterwards, Q 1z begins declining and the WPSH makes its eastward retreat accordingly. Based on the complete vertical vorticity equation, in mid-troposphere, the vertical variation of heating in the basin is favorable to the increase of cyclonic vorticity north of WPSH, which counteracts the northward movement of WPSH and favors the persistence of rainbands over the basin. The vertical variation of heating in the north of Bay of Bengal is in favor of the increase of anti-cyclonic vorticity to the west of WPSH, which induces the westward extension of WPSH.     

近160年西北太平洋副高的年代际变化及其对台风年际变化的影响

研究着眼于上百年尺度西太副高及台风活动变化特征,通过统计分析的方法对百年来台风活动特性及其与西太副高的相关性进行分析。结果表明：（1） 近160 a副热带高压的范围增大、强度增强,在1980年前后,副高平均北界明显北抬,西脊点明显西伸,这种变化与经向环流（Hadley环流）和纬向环流（Walker环流）的变化相关,Hadley环流下沉支（wh）对西太副高关键区的副高强度（h）存在正影响,Walker环流上升支（ww）则存在负影响;（2） 各区域1930年后台风影响时长和年频数均增加。而1975—2020年时段西北太平洋台风年平均影响时长与1930—1975年时段相比有所下降,但发生年频率无明显变化;华南地区的年影响时长与年频数没有明显变化,但我国华东沿海地区台风的年影响平均时长与年频数均显著增加。Hadley环流下沉支、Walker环流上升支、副高强度与西北太平洋台风活动范围向西向北伸展及各区域发生频率显著相关,具有一定的指示意义。     

夏季季风降水凝结潜热释放效应对西太平洋副高形成和变异的影响

通过分析 1 998- 0 5～ 1 998- 0 8再分析资料 ,得知夏季西太平洋副高的准定常结构和瞬变结构有着显著的不同。月平均西太平洋副高中心为上升气流 ,逐日资料则表现出下沉气流 ,下沉气流主要是由西太平洋副高北侧雨带中降水潜热释放效应所致的上升气流在高空下沉产生的。据此认为夏季中国华东、华南地区的季风降水凝结潜热释放所致的上升气流在西太平洋副高中心区的下沉运动是西太平洋副高维持和发展的重要原因。将逐日西太平洋副高面积、西伸指数与对流降水率资料进行了滞后相关分析 ,结果表明西太平洋副高的西伸与外围雨带之间存在着显著的相互影响。     

空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅱ:陆面感热与东太平洋副高

在文献［４］尺度分析的基础上,通过对 Ｎ Ｃ Ｅ Ｐ／ Ｎ Ｃ Ａ Ｒ 月平均资料的分析,并利用 Ｉ Ａ Ｐ／ Ｌ Ａ Ｓ Ｇ Ｇ Ｏ Ａ Ｌ Ｓ全球气候模式进行模拟和试验,研究了东太平洋北美地区副热带高压主体的形成及变化规律。基于全型垂直涡度方程的诊断分析指出,北美陆地的表面感热通量是决定该地区副热带高压中心位置及其季节变化的关键因素。数值模拟和敏感性试验进一步表明,夏半年陆面感热加热是导致１０００ ｈ Ｐａ 太平洋副热带高压及５００ ｈ Ｐａ 北美副热带高压形成和变化的最重要原因。     

初夏西太平洋副高南北位置长期变化的成因及预报

利用月平均高度场和海温场资料，通过统计相关分析，探讨了初夏西太平洋副热带高压南北位置长期变化的规律及其成因，结果表明，初夏副高南北位置存在着１１年左右和３－５年的准周期振荡，这种周期变化分别与太阳活动、海洋下垫面和对流层上部位势高度场类似的周期振荡相吻合。太阳黑子高值年、赤道东太平洋暖水期、热带中东太平洋对流层上部位势高度偏高阶段，初夏西太平洋副高位置偏南，反之偏北。最后建立了６月份副高脊线的预报方法。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ENSO AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINY SEASON IN FUJIAN

1INTRODUCTIONInsummarizingclimotologicalfactorsforprecipitationintherainingseasonsofChina,Lietal.presentedfiveanomaliesthatcouldaffecttheseasonalprecipitation,namely,SSTintheequatorialeasternPacific,thermalconditionsovertheQinghai-TibetanPlateau,Asianmonsoon,mid-latitudeblockinghighandWestPacificsubtropicalhigh.NotonlysubjecttothedirecteffectofmaritimethermalconditionsoftheWestPacific,thesubtropicalhighisalsoinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationandunderlyingsurfacefromtheotherfourfactors…     

初夏西太平洋副高南北位置长期变化的成因及预报

利用月平均高度场和海温场资料,通过统计相关分析,探讨了初夏西太平洋副热带高压南北位置长期变化的规律及其成因,结果表明,初夏副高南北位置存在着11年左右和3-5年的准周期振荡,这种周期变化分别与太阳活动、海洋下垫面和对流层上部位势高度场类似的周期振荡相吻合。太阳黑子高值年、赤道东太平洋暖水期、热带中东太平洋对流层上部位势高度偏高阶段,初夏西太平洋副高位置偏南,反之偏北。最后建立了6月份副高脊线的预报方法。     

近70 a北太平洋夏季SST及其与西太副高变化特征的相关

基于1948—2018年美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)重建海面温度(ERSSTv5)资料集,采用经验正交函数(EOF)分解和交叉小波分析等统计学方法,对北太平洋地区近70 a海表温度(SST)、西太平洋副热带高压(WPSH)的变化特征及其相关性进行分析。第一模态体现了SST显著的年际变化厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)现象和显著的年代际变化北太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)现象。将WPSH强度距平指数和面积距平指数的均值定义为WPSH综合指数。WPSH综合指数总体呈上升趋势;1977年之前,WPSH强度逐渐减小且振幅较小;1977年之后,WPSH强度逐渐增大且振幅强度较大。通过合成分析发现,WPSH异常偏强年份对应西北太平洋大部分地区的SST显著偏暖,WPSH异常偏弱年份对应西北太平洋大部分地区的SST显著偏冷。将其与NOAA的月气候指标的Ni?o3.4和PDO指数分别进行交叉小波谱分析,得出:北太平洋SST的年际信号、年代际信号均与WPSH的变化有很明显的相关,WPSH强度和太平洋中部SST存在显著的4～5 a的年际正相关,且随着时间的后移,SST的变化超前于WPSH的变化。     

江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太副高位置变异与非绝热加热的关系

采用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料及全国740站逐日降水资料,讨论了江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太平洋副高位置变动特征及其与非绝热加热的关系.通过个例合成研究发现:副高位置变异与强降水持续期间大气非绝热加热关系密切.强降水持续期间,副高北侧的江淮流域和西侧的孟加拉湾北部地区均存在强烈的视热源和视水汽汇.强降水发生前3 ...     

COMPARISONS OF THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND THE SOUTH ASIA HIGH BETWEEN NCEP/NCAR AND ECMWF REANALYSIS DATASETS

Comparisons of the west Pacific subtropical high with the South Asia High are made using the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF 500 hPa and 100 hPa monthly boreal geopotential height fields for the period 1961 - 2000. Discrepancies are found for the time prior to 1980. The west Pacific subtropical high in the NCEP/NCAR data is less intense than in ECMWF data before 1980. The range and strength of the west Pacific subtropical high variation described by the NCEP/NCAR data are larger than those depicted by ECMWF data. The same situation appears in the 100-hPa geopotential field. These discoveries suggest that the interdecadal variation of the two systems as shown by the NCEP/NCAR data may not be true. Besides, the South Asia High center in the NCEP/NCAR data is obviously stronger than in the ECMWF data during the periods 1969, 1979 - 1991 and 1992 - 1995. Furthermore, the range is larger from 1992 to 1995.     

A WAVELET PACKET ENERGY DIAGNOSIS OF SOUTH ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON INFLUENCING ON THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

1 INTRODUCTION An important constituent in the Asian summer monsoon system, the West Pacific subtropical high (simplified as the 揌igh) is closely related with the activity of summer monsoon via the changes in intraseasonal intensity and progression[1 - 8]. Zhang et al[5]. discuss the relationship between seasonal jumps and anomalous location of the Highs ridge and onset of low-latitude westerlies and tropical convection in summer, with the finding that the northward jump of the High is …     

SEASONAL PERSISTENCE OF THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SURFACE HEAT FLUX ANOMALY

This paper investigates the interannual variation of the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) intensity based on the data compiled by the Chinese National Climate Center. Monthly reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) are also used to study the lead-lag relationship between WPSH intensity and surface heat flux anomalies. The three major findings are as follows: First, WPSH intensity presents good seasonal persistence, especially from winter to the ensuing summer. Persistence is more significant after 1977, especially from spring to summer, and from summer to autumn; persistence of anticyclonic anomalies are significantly better than cyclonic anomalies. Second, surface heat flux tends to present opposite anomalous patterns between the strong and weak years of the WPSH intensity, which is especially valid at the latent heat flux over the ocean. Simultaneous correlations between surface heat flux and WPSH intensity in each of the seasons are marked by similar key areas. Finally, surface heat flux from the preceding winter of a strong summer WPSH is quite similar to strong spring WPSH, but the positive anomalies over the northwest Pacific and south of Japan are notably stronger. The situations in the weak years are similar except for those over the northwest Pacific: winter surface heat flux shows negative anomalies for a weak spring WPSH, but positive anomalies for a weak summer WPSH. It is suggested that surface heat flux in the previous winter plays an important role in maintaining the WPSH intensity in the ensuing spring and summer.     

晚春初夏西太平洋副高突变特征及其年际变化

根据热带印度洋和热带太平洋(22.5 S～22.5 N,42.5 E～77.5 W )1951～1995年逐月5 ×5 的海面温度距平资料,首先进行了海面温度距平的平均功率谱分析,获取赤道印度洋和赤道太平洋海面平均温度距平存在准12年和准4年的周期变化;然后,利用多维时间序列的交叉谱分析,进一步分别分析了赤道印度洋和赤道太平洋各格点上海面温度距平在准12年和准4年演变周期各格点之间的演变位相及演变落后时间,获得一些有意义的结论。     

A CHARACTERISTIC CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE ASIA SUMMER MONSOON MEMBERS AND THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

In this paper, by using the pentad-mean NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data for the period of 1958-1997, some characteristic indices of describing the activity of Asian summer monsoon system members are defined and calculated. Based on the above works, a time-lag correlation analysis method is introduced for the correlation analysis between the Asian summer monsoon system and the west Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) area index, and some meaningful interaction processes and characteristic phenomena between them are revealed and discussed accordingly. It is shown that there exists some remarkable time-lag correlations in various degree between the Asian summer monsoon system members and the WPSH area index, and they interact and feedback with each other, which consists of the whole Asian summer monsoon system.     

DISTRIBUTION OF LOW FREQUENCY WAVES IN NORTH PACIFIC AND INTRASEASONAL ABNORMALITY OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

By using ECMWF (2.5°×2.5°) grid data, analyzing correlation for the summer (June-August) of 1980 (the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) anomalously more to the south), 1988 (the WPSH anomalously more to the north), 1981 (normal) in the west Pacific area, distribution characteristics of the low frequency waves are discussed. The relationship between distribution of the low frequency waves and intraseasonal abnormality of the west subtropical high is also analyzed. There is some discussions:(1)If the WPSH acts anomalously in summer, there is a distinct zonal wave series in the subtropical zone of the north Pacific.(2) One of the important characteristics of the WPSH abnormality is that there are low frequency geopotential high centres from east Pacific and northeast Asia, being combined in the west Pacific area.For different circulation, the combination areas are different, which define the WSPH anomalously more to the north or south.     

THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THE SEASONAL MODALITY AND WEST EXTENDING OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

~~THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THE SEASONAL MODALITY AND WEST EXTENDING OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH@张韧$Department of Marine Meteorology, Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Sciences & Technology, Nanjing 211101 China @何金海$Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044 China @董兆俊$Department of Marine Meteorology, Institute of Meteorology, PLA Uni…     

近赤道海温影响西太平洋副高的小波多尺度分析

利用小波分解、相关分析、解释方差及位相对比方法,分析讨论了近赤道海温与西太平洋副高在不同时间尺度上的结构特征与对应关系.分析表明,不同海域海温变化与副高活动的幅值和位相存在明显的多尺度特征和强度差异,不同海域的海温热力作用分别在不同的时间尺度上显著影响和制约西太平洋副高活动.