西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系

采用NCEP／NCAR再分析逐日资料和SCSMEX等资料，根据全型垂直涡度倾向方程，研究了1998年6月西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系。结果表明，副热带地区的非绝热加热对副高位置变化有很重要的作用。与气候平均状况相比，1998年6月副高北侧的非绝热加热垂直变化较常年偏强，而南侧较常年偏弱。这种异常的非均匀加热状况导致我国华南、江南、长江中下游地区呈现异常气旋性涡度制造，而中南半岛大部和南海地区为异常反气旋性涡度制造，使得1998年6月副高位置异常偏南。     

夏季季风降水凝结潜热释放效应对西太平洋副高形成和变异的影响

通过分析 1 998- 0 5～ 1 998- 0 8再分析资料 ,得知夏季西太平洋副高的准定常结构和瞬变结构有着显著的不同。月平均西太平洋副高中心为上升气流 ,逐日资料则表现出下沉气流 ,下沉气流主要是由西太平洋副高北侧雨带中降水潜热释放效应所致的上升气流在高空下沉产生的。据此认为夏季中国华东、华南地区的季风降水凝结潜热释放所致的上升气流在西太平洋副高中心区的下沉运动是西太平洋副高维持和发展的重要原因。将逐日西太平洋副高面积、西伸指数与对流降水率资料进行了滞后相关分析 ,结果表明西太平洋副高的西伸与外围雨带之间存在着显著的相互影响。     

COMPARISONS OF THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND THE SOUTH ASIA HIGH BETWEEN NCEP/NCAR AND ECMWF REANALYSIS DATASETS

Comparisons of the west Pacific subtropical high with the South Asia High are made using the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF 500 hPa and 100 hPa monthly boreal geopotential height fields for the period 1961 - 2000. Discrepancies are found for the time prior to 1980. The west Pacific subtropical high in the NCEP/NCAR data is less intense than in ECMWF data before 1980. The range and strength of the west Pacific subtropical high variation described by the NCEP/NCAR data are larger than those depicted by ECMWF data. The same situation appears in the 100-hPa geopotential field. These discoveries suggest that the interdecadal variation of the two systems as shown by the NCEP/NCAR data may not be true. Besides, the South Asia High center in the NCEP/NCAR data is obviously stronger than in the ECMWF data during the periods 1969, 1979 - 1991 and 1992 - 1995. Furthermore, the range is larger from 1992 to 1995.     

DISTRIBUTION OF LOW FREQUENCY WAVES IN NORTH PACIFIC AND INTRASEASONAL ABNORMALITY OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

By using ECMWF (2.5°×2.5°) grid data, analyzing correlation for the summer (June-August) of 1980 (the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) anomalously more to the south), 1988 (the WPSH anomalously more to the north), 1981 (normal) in the west Pacific area, distribution characteristics of the low frequency waves are discussed. The relationship between distribution of the low frequency waves and intraseasonal abnormality of the west subtropical high is also analyzed. There is some discussions:(1)If the WPSH acts anomalously in summer, there is a distinct zonal wave series in the subtropical zone of the north Pacific.(2) One of the important characteristics of the WPSH abnormality is that there are low frequency geopotential high centres from east Pacific and northeast Asia, being combined in the west Pacific area.For different circulation, the combination areas are different, which define the WSPH anomalously more to the north or south.     

THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THE SEASONAL MODALITY AND WEST EXTENDING OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

~~THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THE SEASONAL MODALITY AND WEST EXTENDING OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH@张韧$Department of Marine Meteorology, Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Sciences & Technology, Nanjing 211101 China@何金海$Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044 China@董兆俊$Department of Marine Meteorology, Institute of Meteorology, PLA Uni…     

近赤道海温影响西太平洋副高的小波多尺度分析

利用小波分解、相关分析、解释方差及位相对比方法,分析讨论了近赤道海温与西太平洋副高在不同时间尺度上的结构特征与对应关系.分析表明,不同海域海温变化与副高活动的幅值和位相存在明显的多尺度特征和强度差异,不同海域的海温热力作用分别在不同的时间尺度上显著影响和制约西太平洋副高活动.     

低频位势波与夏季北太平洋副高活动

分析研究表明,夏季西太平洋副高的季节内活动受东太平洋副高变化的影响和制约,这种作用过程与太平洋副热带地区的低频位势中心的西传关系密切,东、西太平洋副高间的遥相关可能通过低频位势波的传播加以联系和实现。     

2003年夏季我国南方持续高温和极涡位置的关系

本文对2003年盛夏（北）极涡的位置进行了分析,发现2003年夏季（北）极涡位置长期偏向西半球,导致影响我国的冷空气弱,是西北太平洋副热带高压异常强大和我国南方持续高温的重要原因。     

东亚夏季风雨带和西太平洋副高季节变化的耦合特征

利用NCEP／NCAR数据集中1950～1999年4～9月500hPa位势高度和逐日降水率(PRATE)资料，通过奇异值分解，主要探讨了东亚夏季风雨带与西太平洋副高季节移动的耦合关系。分析发现，模态方差的大小只反映模态对整个分析时段和整个分析区域贡献的大小，但对某些时段、某些区域来说，方差较小模态的贡献很大；因而仅以模态方差贡献的大小来判定模态的重要性是不完全的，只有多个模态的配合才能比较全面地揭示两个场的耦合特征。结果表明：东亚夏季风雨带在不同地区的跳跃对应着西太平洋副高的三次突变，不同模态对三次突变有不同的贡献。     

青藏高原春夏季对流异常及其对西太平洋副高的影响

高原冬春季净辐射多寡可以显著影响高原地区大气环流季节转换进程和后期高原对流活动。净辐射偏多,初夏高原同低纬度之间温度梯度反转时间提前,高原对活跃,夏季高原主体对流异常,可以通过辐散环流造成西太平洋异常的下沉运动,影响副高的强度、南北位置和西伸程度,最终导致夏季降水的异常分析。     

南海夏季风活动与季内北太平洋副高的形态和西伸

基于dbl小波基和shannon熵的4层小波包分解重构及HCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料,研究讨论了南海夏季风与季内北太平洋副高东西形态和西伸过程的相关特征,提出和定义了诊断判别副高活动的夏季风小波包频域能量判据,揭示出南海夏季风低频扰动与太平洋副高形态活动之间的一些新的现象和关联。     

2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副高活动特征及其成因分析

分析2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副高活动特征,认为副高脊线位置偏南和相对稳定、西脊点偏西以及三次南北和东西振荡的中短期活动过程,是2003年淮河多雨期副高活动的主要特征,符合江淮流域洪涝年份副高活动的统计规律。利用动力学理论和天气学原理,进一步分析和探讨2003年淮河多雨期副高活动的成因和机制。研究结果不仅证实了副高已有的研究结果,还揭示出副高与西风带系统和副热带急流活动之间新的特征关系。     

80年代两次厄尔尼诺期间西太平洋及其邻近海区大气加热场的差异

本文分析了1986—1987年与1982—1983年两次厄尔尼诺过程中西太平洋及其邻近海区大气加热场的差异。结果表明:(1)两次厄尔尼诺过程西太平洋及其邻近海区上空大气都是一个很强的热源区,且后一次比前一次更强;(2)两次厄尔尼诺的最强加热区明显不同,后一次的加热场分布异常偏北,前一次又异常偏南,这与同期赤道低压带的变化一致;(3)大气加热强度的明显不同主要是降水潜热的增长不一致形成的。     

影响我国热带气旋活动的气候特征及其与太平洋海温的关系

基于小波包分解重构方法，利用NCEP／NCAR逐丑再分析资料，讨论了南亚夏季风与季内西太平洋副高活动的关系，提出和定义了用以诊断副高活动的夏季风频域能量判据。诊断结果除佐证了副高已有的一些研究结果和变化规律外，还揭示出副高与季风间一些新的关系特征。     

基于小波分解的西太平洋副热带高压模糊推理预测

基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,讨论了西太平洋副高脊线与其前期位置的相互关系,并在此基础上用小波分解和自适应模糊推理方法,对副高脊线进行集成建模和预测.基于小波分解重构的副高脊线短期活动集成预测结果表明,该方法可有效降低预报难度,明显改进和提高了副高脊线短期活动的预报准确率.     

STUDY ON THE VARIATION IN THE CONFIGURATION OF SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONE AND ITS MECHANISM DURING SEASONAL TRANSITION-PART I:CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SUBTROPICAL HIGH STRUCTURE*

Climatological characteristics of subtropical anticyclone structure during seasonal transition are investigated based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The ridge-surface of subtropical anticyclone is defined by the boundary surface between westerly to the north and easterly to the south (WEB in brief).In Afro-Asian monsoon area,the subtropical high in troposphere whose ridgelines are consecutive in wintertime takes on relatively symmetrical and zonal structure,the WEB tilts southward with increasing height.In summer,the subtropical high ridgelines are discontinuous at low levels and continuous at upper levels,the WEB tilts northward from the bottom up.Under the constraint of thermal wind relation,the WEB usually tilts toward warmer zone.May is the period when subtropical high modality most significantly varies.The structure and properties of subtropical high during seasonal transition are different from area to area.A new concept "seasonal transition axis" is proposed based on formation and variation of the vertical ridge axis of subtropical anticyclone.The subtropical high of summer pattern firstly occurs over eastern Bay of Bengal in the beginning of May.then stabilizes over eastern Bay of Bengal,Indo-China,and western South China Sea in the 3rd pentad of May,it exists over the South China Sea in the 4th-5th pentad of May and establishes over central India in the 1st-2nd pentad of June.The three consequential stages when summer modal subtropical high occurs correspond to that of Asian summer monsoon onset,respectively.To a great extent,the summer monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal depends on the reversal of meridional temperature gradient in vicinity of the WEB in upper troposphere.The meridional temperature gradient at middle-upper levels in troposphere can be used as a good indicator for measuring the seasonal transition and Asian monsoon onset.     

副高及其南侧偏东气流输送在福建前汛期降水中的作用

采取相关分析、累积距平等统计方法,分析了西太平洋副高与福建前汛期降水的关系。利用NCEP-NCAR再分析资料及垂直积分的水汽输送通量等资料,对比分析了福建前汛期旱涝年份环流形势及要素场差异。分析结果显示：(1)当副高偏南偏弱时有利于福建前汛期多雨。旱年对副高具有加强作用的西太平洋海温正距平区主要位于日本南面,造成副高偏强偏北。而涝年10-25°N西太平洋海温偏高,造成副高偏南。(2)旱(涝)年华南及福建低层西南暖湿气流输送明显减弱(增强)。不过,福建上空增强的西南水汽输送主要来自副高南侧的偏东气流转向。这一点,在实际的前汛期降水预报中对于孟加拉湾西南暖湿气流的作用将是一个有意义的新认识,值得进一步探讨。     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SUMMER SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND SST AND PREDICTION OF SUBTROPICAL HIGH

Most of the study on correlation between the subtropical high and SST focus on the location or intensity of the former versus the latter. It is worthwhile to work on links other than what is usually addressed to identify guidelines in the prediction of the subtropical high. Based on the analysis of subtropical high in west Pacific summer and its correlation with SST in equatorial and north Pacific from previous December to subsequent November, correlation between the area index, west-extending point, location of the subtropical high ridge and SST is discussed. It is conducted by looking into the confidence level of gridpoints and their percentage in the total and examining how they vary with time. From the point of intensity and movement/expansion, feedbacks from the subtropical high to SST are also studied. The SST affects the subtropical high just as the subtropical high affects the SST. A linkage model is thus set up to assist the making of summer rainfall prediction in China's raining seasons.     

亚洲季风区感热凝结潜热对副高带季节演变的影响

利用1958-1998年NCEP／NCAR的逐日再分析资料,探讨了亚洲夏季风建立期间感热、凝结潜热和副高带季节演变的气候特征,并重点分析它们相互耦合的特征。结果表明：亚洲季风区的地表感热、凝结潜热影响印缅槽生成和阿拉伯副高西移的机制是相似的,5月初,印度半岛较强的感热通量和中南半岛较强的凝结潜热共同影响副高带的断裂及印缅槽的生成,5月底-6月上旬阿拉伯半岛较大的感热通量和印度半岛西侧较强的凝结潜热有利于阿拉伯副高的西移。     

A REGIONAL MODEL STUDY OF THE VARIATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF OZONE AND ITS PRECURSORS ON EASTERN ASIA AND WEST PACIFIC OCEAN REGIONS

A simulated study of mechanism for variations and distributions of ozone and its precursors was made by using thethree-dimensional regional Eulerian model.The results showed that the ozone production was controlled by NO,butthere is a complicated nonlinear relation between them.The photochemical reactions controlled by solar radiation arethe determinative factors affecting the variations of the surface ozone and its precursors.The relations of ozone and CO,PAN were studied.We compared the simulated and observed results during the PEM-WEST A in order to better under-stand the photochemical processes of ozone and its precursors.