Marker Indices for Assessing the Conditions of Water Bodies under Moderate Anthropogenic Impact: Case Study of the Pra River

A system of marker-based estimates of the environmental conditions of water bodies in the Pra River basin is proposed based on the results of field studies and archive data. Correlation equation were derived for relating the selected markers with other indices.     

Svirsky Dump of Arsenopyrite Concentrate and Its Impact on Water Bodies

The geochemistry of a dry dump of arsenic production wastes and a groundwater protection zone were studied with the use of macro- and microanalysis of aqueous and hydrochloric-acid extracts. The accumulation of water-soluble forms of the microcomplex is maximal in the surface layer of the cinder dump, in sulfate-acid zone. Here, aluminosilicates suffer acid destruction. The downward motion of sulfate-iron front at a decrease in medium acidity is accompanied by gypsum formation and the hydrolysis of sulfate salts with subsequent formation of Fe, Al, and Mn hydroxides. The technogenic geochemical sorption barriers, which form in this process, ensure self-conservation of pollution source. In the protection zone, carbonate-alkaline barrier completes the immobilization process. Over the 70 years of dump existence, only a small part of its immobilization potential have been utilized. The sulfate-acid process can be suppressed through the isolation of the dump from atmospheric moistening. The vulnerability of water objects is zero. The evacuation of the dump is not required, as local reclamation is enough.     

Estimating the Anthropogenic Impact on Water Bodies Using a Simulation Mathematical Model of Phosphorus System

A simulation model of the phosphorus system is used to study the ecosystems functioning in the Dautkul'skoe Reservoir and Shegekul Lake (Mezhdurech'e). Dependence of the internal flows (turnover) and normal annual concentrations of P forms in the water body on its external load onto the ecosystem is established. The budgets of P and its production–destruction flows (1993–1999), calculated using the model, are presented and analyzed. Comparison estimates are made for the anthropogenic impact on the water bodies of the southern Aral Sea region.     

Factors Governing the Impact of Emerged Salt Diapirs on Water Resources

Salt diapirs in southern Iran are typically in contact with karstic and alluvial aquifers and consequently they are the most likely sources of groundwater salinization in this arid region. However, there are some salt diapirs that have no significant degradation effect on adjacent aquifers. Assessments of 62 of 122 Iranian‐emerged salt diapirs based on geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological, and hydrochemical investigations indicated that 45% of the studied salt diapirs did not have a negative impact on surrounding water resources, whereas 55% of the salt diapirs have degraded water quality of adjacent aquifers. The impacts ranged from low‐ to high‐grade salinization. We characterize here four major factors that control the impact of salt diapirs on surrounding water resources: (1) the evolutionary stage of the diapir, (2) the geological and (3) hydrogeological setting of the diapir, and (4) human activities. Identification of the major factors governing the influence of salt diapirs on the adjacent aquifers is necessary to understand the mechanism of salt diapir impact on adjacent aquifers, and subsequently to decide how to mitigate the deteriorating effect of the diapirs on the surrounding water resources.     

Current Problems in Organizing Water Protection Zones at Water Bodies: Case Study of the Uglich Reservoir

A retrospective review of the current scientific publications on the problems of water protection zones at water bodies is given. The content of regulations on water protection zone in the RF Water Code 2006 now in force is interpreted. The legislations regarding the establishment of water protection zones and riparian buffer strips at water bodies in Russia and other countries are compared and analyzed. The technologies and specifics of the development of geoinformation system “Water Protection Zone and Riparian Buffer Strip of a Water Body” are demonstrated as applied to determining the boundary of the water protection zone and riparian buffer strip for the Uglich Reservoir. Assessment of the anthropogenic load onto a drainage basin within the water protection zone of the Uglich Reservoir and a method for geoecological zoning of its territory are considered as an example.     

Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of Protozoa on Methane Bacterial Oxidation in Water Bodies

A mathematical model is developed to simulate bacterial oxidation of CH₄ in the presence of protozoa. The model describes the vertical structure and time variations in the concentrations of dissolved CH₄, O₂, N-NH₄, and N-NO₃ in the water column. The model results correlate well with experimental data obtained on a laboratory assembly simulating near-bottom conditions, which form during stratification in dimictic freshwater bodies. Numerical experiments with the model were conducted to establish the relationships between the protozoa and methan-oxidizing bacteria. The principal mechanism for protozoa to control CH₄ oxidation was found to be the protozoa releasing reduced form of N.     

Landscape and Climatic Conditions in the Central East European Plain in the last 22 Thousand Years: Reconstruction based on Paleobotanical Data

Water Resources - Analysis of the modern geographic distribution of species of a specific fossil flora makes it possible to identify its closest modern region-analogue. Using the paleofloristic...     

Observations on the Abiotic Factors and Planktonic Periodicity in a Shallow Pond of the Highlands of Shillong (India)

The pond, situated at an altitude of 4862 m, shows an annual variation of temperature between 15 and 27 °C in a close correlation with the air temperature. In the case of a weakly acidic reaction of water an inverse relation exists between pH and conductivity and between free CO₂ and alkalinity. The nutrient content of 0.05 mg/l PO₄-P and NO₃-N each is low, the phosphorus concentration being maintained by re-solution from the sediment. Chlorophyceae and diatoms are dominant in the phytoplankton alternately, and rotatoria and copepoda are dominant in the zoo-plankton in winter and in summer, respectively. The pronounced changes in the composition of plankton do not show any definite dependence on the physico-chemical factors, particularly since a significant share of the nutrient metabolism and the oxygen balance in the pond investigated is determined by macrophytes.     

Impact of changes in the conditions of European Russia forests on annual river runoff

Based on the methods of O.I. Krestovskii and recent information on the forestry of European Russia, the article offers the assessment of the impact of transformations in the structure of forests in the recent decades on the river runoff and evaporation. The accompanying changes in the runoff are shown to be relatively insignificant; however, in the XXI century they may become more significant and manifest themselves not only at the local but also at the regional level.     

Physicochemical Properties of Bottom Sediments in Water Bodies in the Central and Southern Vietnam

Water Resources - The physicochemical characteristics of bottom sediments in inland water bodies in the Central and Southern Vietnam are presented for the first time, including particle-size...     

Water resources of the Northern Economic Region of Russia: The state and use

The issues of water availability and water resources use in the Northern Economic Region are considered for the region as a whole and for the RF constituent entities it embraces.     

Investigations on the Joint Occurrence of Anabaena spiroides Klebahn and Hyphomycetes in Various Types of Water Bodies

The authors investigated the influence of the cyanobacterium Anabaena spiroides on the occurrence of aquatic Hyphomycetes in the water of five water bodies of different trophy. The presence of cyanobacteria in the water of all five waters reduced the number of fungi species from 29 to 10. Such species as Angulospora aquatica and Mirandina corticola were found both in control samples and with cyanobacterium from all five waters examined.     

Water management complex of Russia: Concept,state of the art,and problems

The structure of the water management complex of the Russian Federation is discussed. The main features showing the degree of meeting the demands for water in different spheres of economic activities are presented. The tendencies for variations in volumes of water use are revealed in housing facilities and public utilities, manufacturing and extractive branches of industry, electric power engineering, and agriculture. The article shows the present condition of fishery in inland water bodies, river craft and the infrastructure of inland water and aquatic water transport, and recreation.     

Express Assessment of Water Toxicity Based on Bioassaying: Case Study of Surface-Water Bodies in St. Petersburg

A system of efficient on-line monitoring of the state of water in surface water bodies is developed. The expediency of using new general-purpose bioassays for the integral express evaluation of the natural-water toxic impact on living organisms is substantiated. Fundamentally new methods of bioassaying with gasteropoda from special laboratory cultures (“PRM-TESTS”) used as test organisms are presented. The results of complex hydrochemical and biological (toxicological) investigations with PRM-TESTS as applied to water bodies in St. Petersburg are discussed.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 425–434.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kurilenko, Zaitseva.     

Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Low Water Conditions Based on Factor Analysis

An assessment of water quality measurements during a long‐lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re‐suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re‐solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions.     

Studies of Hydrochemical and Kinetic Characteristics of Small Water Bodies in the Context of Their Eutrophication

Comparison study data on the hydrochemical parameters, bacterio- and phytoplankton, and reduction–oxidation characteristics of two ponds in Krasnoyarsk are presented. These water bodies are of interest due to the fact that the ecosystems of these natural model objects respond to eutrophication in different ways. It is assumed that the reason for this difference is in the hydrophysical characteristics depending on the morphology of the basins of the water bodies rather than in the hydrochemical characteristics.     

全球变暖对长江洪水的可能影响及其前景预测

要长江流域近150a间发生的1870、1931、1935、1954与1998年特大洪水灾害损失严重;长江洪水是我国的心腹之患.1990年以来,长江大洪水高频发生,达6次.长江洪水的发生,除湖泊蓄洪功能减弱等因素外,与全球变暖有关.20世纪90年代为近千年中全球最暖的年代,水循环加快,长江中下游夏季降水量为近120a最多的十年,高出1961-1990平均值112mm;而降雨集中和大暴雨降水事件的增加是洪水增加的主要原因.区域气候模式模拟在CO₂倍增时,长江流域温度升高2.2℃,夏季降水增加10%-20%,气溶胶的增加可能使此值降低一些.考虑气候变暖可能促进潜在蒸发增加9%-15%的假定情景,计算在降水增加10%,蒸发增加9%条件下,最大洪峰流量在大通站将会达到8.4×10⁴ m³/s左右,己超过1998年洪峰流量;汉口站7.9×10⁴ m³/s,超过有记录以来所有的洪峰流量;而在宜昌站高达6.94×10⁴ m³/s,超过自有实测记录以来的除1896年和1981年以外所有的洪峰流量.假定情景的最高值出现在降水增加20%,蒸发增加15%时,大通站流量将达到9.45×10⁴ m³/s,超过该站近百年最大值,1954年的9.26×10⁴ m³/s;宜昌站将出现7.82×10⁴ m³/s流量,超过1882年以来所有实测记录值,但比1870年据洪痕推算的10.5×10⁴ m³/s仍有逊色.未来气候若继续变暖,降水量增加将给长江洪水防御带来巨大的压力.但上述估算是粗糙的,有一定的不确定性,需在以后的研究中进一步改进.     

Diffuse Pollution of Water Bodies and Estimation of Export of Biogenic Elements under Different Scenarios of Water Use in the Watershed

Water Resources - The notion of diffuse pollution process in water bodies of different dimensions is formulated. An algorithm is given for calculating the average annual volume of the export of...     

海南琼海加积井水位对远大震的同震响应特征研究

In this study,we analyze the co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well to strong earthquakes(MS≥7.8) from 2001 to 2010 at an epicentral distance less than 8000km.We investigated the co-seismic variation form of water levels,and analyzed the relationship between the amplitude of water level variation and the magnitude and the epicentral distance.We then checked the seismic wave phases when the changes of water level occurred.It was shown that:(1) the water level’s co-seismic response is mainly characterized by escalation with no oscillation;(2) the amplitude of water level change has a certain connection with epicentral distance and magnitude;(3) co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well shows a certain directivity;(4) most of the co-seismic responses were caused by surface waves,and some by long-period S waves.     

Biotesting in the Assessment of Environmental and Toxicological State of Water Bodies in Lower Don River Basin

The toxicity of river water in the Lower Don basin was studied using biotesting with different biological objects. Water taken from most examined reaches of the Don and its tributaries was shown to exert toxic effect on crustaceans, algae, protozoa, and Rotifera.