基于GPS获得的中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场

利用国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”1999至2011年底的全部GPS观测资料,采用统一的数据处理策略和最新的地球物理模型,分别获取了中国大陆相对于全球ITRF2005参考框架和欧亚板块的现今地壳水平运动速度场。通过速度场分析,给出了中国大陆地壳运动的大背景和基本特征,为地震预测、地球动力学等相关学科的研究提供了基础资料。     

中国大陆现今地壳运动的GPS分析与构造变形模拟

正中国大陆位于欧亚板块东南部,受印度板块、菲律宾板块和西伯利亚—蒙古亚板块的夹持,是全球岩石圈变形和地壳运动最强烈的地区之一,也是全球大陆地震多发区。因而,研究我国大陆内部的变形,对于认识长期的岩石圈动力学过程与变形模式,了解断层的作用机制以及进行地震危险性评估都有十分重要的意义。我国于20世纪80年代末开始用GPS监测地壳形变,之后的20多年,先后在青藏高原、川滇、天山等地区陆续开展了流动GPS观测,获取了大量的GPS测站资料。随着中国地壳     

基于GPS观测的青藏高原现今三维地壳运动研究

<正>自始新世(距今约55 Ma)以来,印度板块对欧亚板块的持续推挤和俯冲楔入作用所导致的青藏地区隆升变形,在地球表面塑造了最为显著的地形地貌体——青藏高原。青藏高原的形成是地球演化历史上最为壮观的地质事件之一,它不仅以巨大的构造变形造就了平均海拔达4 500m、区域面积超过250万平方千米的"世界屋脊",而且深刻地影响了整个亚洲乃至全球范围的气候环境、生态格局和自然灾害。由于青藏高原从地壳变形、地形地貌和构造演化     

用GPS测量数据模拟中国大陆现今地壳水平速度场及应变场

基于连续介质力学理论,提出了直接利用ＧＰＳ测量资料建立地壳运动与形变模型的方法。把整个中国大陆视为由无穷多个微元集合而成的连续介质体,并假定每一个微元体的转动矢量服从统一的,连续的泰勒级数分布,由此引进一组待定参数,称之为地壳运动与形变参数。利用全国网１９９４年和１９９６年的两期ＧＰＳ观测数据,组成矛盾方程组,应用阻尼最小二乘方法,经迭代解算,得到所需要的地壳运动与形变参数。     

利用中国地壳运动观测网络研究中国大陆相对于ITRF97板块模型形变

在建立全球ITRF97板块运动模型的基础上,利用"中国地壳运动观测网络"79个GPS基本站的数据,建立我国新的地壳运动方向图和块体运动模型.通过与NNR-NUVEL1A地质模型比较认为,ITRF97板块运动模型反映了现今十几年跨度的地壳运动,在研究我国现今几年到十几年时间跨度的地壳形变时,地壳运动背景场应采用基于ITRF97实测速度场建立欧亚板块运动模型.     

利用中国地壳运动观测网络研究中国大陆相对于ITRF97板块模型形变

在建立全球ITRF97板块运动模型的基础上,利用"中国地壳运动观测网络"79个GPS基本站的数据,建立我国新的地壳运动方向图和块体运动模型.通过与NNR-NUVEL1A地质模型比较认为,ITRF97板块运动模型反映了现今十几年跨度的地壳运动,在研究我国现今几年到十几年时间跨度的地壳形变时,地壳运动背景场应采用基于ITRF97实测速度场建立欧亚板块运动模型.     

中国大陆地壳运动的GPS观测及相关动力学研究

现代空载大地测量技术的发展极大地改变了传统大地测量学的观测手段、研究内容和范围,促进了地球动力学领域的研究．本文回顾过去近二十年来在中国大陆进行的全国及区域性GPS观测和取得的成果,重点评述在GPS相关动力学领域的研究进展和存在的问题,对我国GPS观测及动力学研究今后的发展提出初步见解．     

中国大陆构造变形高精度大密度GPS监测——现今速度场

中国大陆地壳运动持久、强烈、广为发育,是我国高山巍峨、大河东流的缘由,也是地震频繁、震害沉重的起因.获取复杂的地壳变形信息是研究陆地变迁、环境演化必要条件,而监测现今地壳运动状态更是地震研究、减轻灾害的重要基础.20世纪80年代末,我国开始用GPS监测地壳形     

利用GPS监测和非连续介质力学研究阿尔金断裂对中国大陆地壳运动变形的影响

非连续介质力学方法中非连续变形分析（DDA）方法有利于分析分块运动特征，而非连续有限元方法（DFEM）能更细致地反映板块间相互作用。本文利用DDA和DFEM方法的各自优势，基于实测的308个GPS测站位移矢量，利用DDA方法提取了大陆边界位移信息；并以此边界位移条件建立了中国大陆的二维DFEM模型；利用该模型探讨了阿尔金断裂活动对整个大陆的地壳运动和构造变形方式的影响。     

北斗导航定位系统（BDS）下地壳运动监测精度分析

为分析北斗导航定位系统（BDS）在地壳运动监测领域的数据精度,选取中国大陆构造环境监测网络（陆态网络）2018—2019年川滇地区GPS、BDS多系统观测站点数据,分别对GPS、BDS记录的数据进行解算,从三维坐标解、位置时间序列及速度场等方面,对比分析二者在地壳运动监测中的不同,综合分析BDS对地壳运动监测精度。结果表明,BDS定位精度达到cm级,但仍低于GPS精度,BDS、GPS速度场模型运动方位和速度值有所不同,垂向差异较为明显。总体来看,北斗系统数据满足高精度定位解算要求,可用于监测形变量较大的区域地壳运动。     

General characteristics of the recent horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland

1 Introduction of GPS observation dataThe Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) is a major scientific project in China organized by China Seismological Bureau and paticipated by the Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of the General Staff, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. Based on the observation data of 25 fiducial stations and 56 basic stations in CMONOC (Figure 1 and Table 1), collected from August 26 to September…     

Current crustal movement in Chinese mainland

The quantification of tectonic deformation in the Eastern and Central Asia is of great significance for the study on global plate motion and lithospheric dynamics. In the past four years, the velocity field of horizontal crustal movement for the Chinese mainland has been established for the first time thanks to the intensified GPS measure-ments and its improved accuracy. The velocity field derived from GPS measurements delineates the patterns of tectonic deformation in the Chinese mainland in the unprecedented detail, and thus reveals the new features of the ongoing tectonic process resulted from the collision of Indian plate to Eurasian plate. Meanwhile, the surface offset induced by two strong earthquakes occurred in Chinese mainland was sampled precisely using InSAR technique.     

Recent crustal horizontal movement in the Chinese mainland

IntroductionSupportedbytheNationaIClimbingProject"RecentCrustalMovementandGeodynamicResearch",acrustalmovementmonitoringnetworkdistributedinChinesemainlandhasbeenmeasuredfortWotimesinl994andl996.Thenetconsistsof22stationsthatarelocatedonsev-eralmajortectonicblocksinChinesemainland.ExceptNanchongstationwhichwasdestroyedatsometimebetWeenl994and1996andre-settledinl996,alltheother2lstationswereoccupiedfortwotimes.BasedontheresuItSobtainedfromcarefulpre-processingofGPSobservations,therecent…     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland from 1999 to 2001

Introduction In the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) there are 25 fiducialstations, 56 basic stations and 1 000 regional stations. They are scattered on 10 major blocks inChinese mainland with high density of observation stations on the blocks of high seismic activityin the regional networks. 10 major blocks or regions (they will be referred to as blocks in the paper,a letter is used as a symbol for each block) were divided during the design of the regionalnetwo…     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland from 1999 to 2001

The paper introduces the horizontal crustal movement obtained from GPS observations in the regional networks (including the basic network and the fiducial network) of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) carried out in 1999 and 2001. This paper is characterized by the acquisition of the horizontal displacement velocities during the period from 1999 to 2001 at the observation stations in the regional networks with datum definition of a group of stable stations with small mutual displacements in east China. Based on the most detailed map of horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland, the division of blocks, their displacements and deformations are studied. An approach to analysis of the intensity of the horizontal crustal deformation is proposed. The general characteristics of the recent horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland and that before the Kunlunshan earthquake of M=8.1 on November 14, 2001 are analyzed. Foundation item: The National Development and Programming Project for Key Basic Research (95-13-03-07).     

Horizontal crustal movement before the great Wenchuan earthquake obtained from GPS observations in the regional network

The great Wenchuan earthquake of M8.0 on May 12, 2008, occurred in an area with dense GPS observation stations in the regional network of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). Non-continuous observations were carried out at the 1 000 GPS stations of the regional network in 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2007. The horizontal displacements at GPS stations in the regional network before the Wenchuan earthquake show that the main driving tectonic force of the earthquake was the northward pushing of the Indian plate, added at the same time by the pushing of plates on the east and south. In comparison to the displacements in other regions, the horizontal displacements near and around the seismic area is characterized by diverging eastward displacements, that is, the stations to the north of the epicenter moved in the ENE direction while those to the south of epicenter moved in ESE direction with smaller displacements at stations near the epicenter. The accuracy of the estimated strain results is briefly discussed. In order to obtain the anomalous information before the earthquake, the methods of both best fits by trend surface and statistics have been used in the study for finding the future epicentral area from the strain accumulations in the regional network observed from 1999 to 2007 before the Wenchuan earthquake. Besides the epicentral area of the western Kunlun mountain pass earthquake of M8.1 in 2001, the results of best fits by trend surfaces of the strain accumulations from 1999 to 2007 in the regional network show that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred at the eastern fringe of a large area with relatively large accumulations of the first shear strains and also at the northeastern fringe of a smaller area with significant accumulated areal compressions. The statistics of the accumulations of the strain components demonstrates that they also showed anomalous distribution patterns in this area and its neighborhood with increasing accumulations of both shear strains and areal compressions.     

Preliminary division of active block boundary in Chinese mainland based on recent vertical crustal movement

IntroductionSituated in the southeastern part of Eurasia Plate and surrounded by the India Plate, Eurasia Plate, Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Chinese mainland especially the area of Qinghai-Xizang (Qingzang) Plateau and the south-north tectonic zone is the area with the most intensive neotectonic deformation. The main component of tectonic activity in Chinese mainland is active blocks. Therefore, it is quite important to study active blocks in the research of tectonic activit…     

Present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation in China continent

Velocity field of China continent constrained by Global Positioning System (GPS) reveals both continuous and block-like styles of deformation. Continuous deformation commonly characterizes actively deforming mountain ranges such as the Tianshan Mountain, Qilian Mountain, and Tibet. The block-like movement often represents deformation in the tectonically stable regions such as Ordos, South China and Tarim blocks. GPS measurements indicate 5.1±2.5 mm/a left-lateral strike-slip rate along the Altun fault. Eastward convergence along the Longmenshan fault is less than 6.7 ± 3.0 mm/a. South China moves 11–14 mm/a eastward compared with the stable Eurasia. These low slip rates do not imply rapid eastward extrusion of China continent predicted by the model of “continental extrusion”. It appears that “crustal thickening” model more properly describes both continuous and block-like styles of deformation in China continent.     

Current crustal motion and deformation in the Chinese mainland and its surrounding area determined from GPS data

Based on the geodetic data taken from the National GPS Network established by China Climbing Program "Investigation of Crust Motion and Geodynamics in Modern Time",we derived the movement velocities of the GPS sites. In terms of the power series expansion of a rotation function for horizontal velocities on a spherical surface proposed by Haines and Holt (1993), we computed the horizontal velocity and strain-rate field. We preliminarily studied the appearances and characteristics of the present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland with the computed results. The researches demonstrated: ① The present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland are being jointly controlled by Indian, Pacific and Philippines Ocean Plates and Siberia-Mongolia block, and these three large plates and block form a situation of tripartite confrontation, but Indian Plate seems to play a leading role; ② The North-South Earthquake Zone plays an important adjustment role in the present-day crustal movement and deformation process, displaying clear characteristics of demarcation line of tectonics in large areas; ③ There seems to be another adjustment zone along the latitude line approximate N35°, but its characteristics are less obvious than that of the former; ④ Dynamic actions of these three large plates and block on the Chinese mainland are dynamic stable; appearing in stable push-press velocities. These results are generally accorded with the results determined from geology, geophysics, and seismology. By the contrast with seismicities, it appears preliminarily that there is some corresponding relation between intense shear strain zone and future strong seismicity area, but this problem needs further examination of earthquake examples.