桂西平果教美矿区堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物转化与元素迁移

桂西地区铝土矿为典型喀斯特型,包括二叠系沉积型和第四系堆积型两亚类。堆积型铝土矿是沉积型铝土矿经抬升、破碎、风化,最后堆积于喀斯特洼地中形成。以平果教美铝土矿为研究对象,探索堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物的变化与元素迁移。沉积型矿石的矿物组成包括硬水铝石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿及少量针铁矿、金红石和高岭石;堆积型矿石的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、锐钛矿、高岭石及少量三水铝石和鲕绿泥石。转化过程中堆积型矿石中的硬水铝石含量明显增加,鲕绿泥石含量明显减少。沉积型铝土矿的主要化学组成为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、FeO和TiO₂;堆积型为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂和Fe₂O₃。两类矿石中元素Zr 、Ba、Nb、V含量均较高,稀土总量变化大,富集轻稀土。质量平衡计算表明堆积型铝土矿形成过程中Al、Ba、Sr、Y等元素增加,而Si、Fe、Ti、Nb、V、Ce等元素减少,其余元素变化不明显。     

堆积铝土矿中三水铝石成因探讨

堆积铝土矿中三水铝石成因探讨谌建国，刘云华（中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所，宜昌４４３００３）关键词堆积铝土矿，三水铝石－硬水铝石矿床，三水铝石成因，大气降水淋滤我国桂西至滇东广泛发育堆积型铝土矿，资源量很大。矿体是杂基支撑的角砾堆积物，砾石和基质...     

Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of the Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposits,western Guangxi,China

The Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposit in western Guangxi is hosted within the Quaternary ferrallitic soil profile, and it formed via breaking up, weathering and oxidizing of Permian bauxite orebodies occurring as a semi-continuous layer in the upper Permian. Mineralogical analyses reveal that diaspore, hematite and kaolinite are the major minerals in bauxite ores with small amounts of anatase, chamosite, gibbsite, goethite, illite, zircon, quartz and pyrite. The ore texture and mineral assemblage reveal that the depositional/diagenetic environment of the Dajia bauxite was much close to phreatic environment. Both the ore texture and the morphology of zircon grains also indicate that most of the bauxitic soils were transported a short distance. Diaspore is suggested to be non-metamorphic in origin and mainly formed in a reducing condition of diagenetic environment, while kaolinite is the product of the in situ epigenetic replacement of alumina in diaspore by dissolved silica. Geochemical analyses indicate that Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂ and TiO₂ are the main components of the bauxite ores and trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U were enriched during the bauxitization process. Simultaneously, Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta show a high correlation. Geochemical indices such as Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Eu/Eu* (among others) denote that the magmatic rocks related to the Emeishan plume in western Guangxi and the carbonates in the underlying Maokou Formation provided the main sources of material for the bauxite ores.     

河南省偃龙煤田深部铝土矿床地质特征

偃龙煤田深部铝土矿矿床是豫西典型的隐伏铝土矿床,赋存于中奥陶统侵蚀面之上的石炭系本溪组中.含矿岩系的厚度及矿体形态受古岩溶面控制,构造对矿体影响较大.矿石主要矿物成分为一水硬铝石、高岭石、伊利石等含铝矿物.上部铝质泥岩以高岭石为主,下部铝质泥岩以伊利石为主.铝土矿共生矿产综合开发价值大,伴生矿产有待进一步研究.     

河南铝土矿矿物成因及其演化序列

[摘 要]豫西铝土矿是我国喀斯特型铝土矿的典型代表。本文选取豫西典型的喀斯特型铝土矿为研究对象,通过XRD 分析、扫描电镜-能谱分析、电子探针分析和差热分析多种手段,探测铝土矿的物质组成及其赋存状态,并且分析其矿物成因,总结矿物演化序列。研究显示,豫西铝土矿的主要矿物成分包括硬水铝石、伊利石、锐钛矿、高岭石、针铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石等。硬水铝石主体为简单结晶成因。伊利石主体为风化过程中产物,部分为后期硬水铝石硅质交代的结果。锐钛矿和硬水铝石同期结晶形成于还原环境下。大部分高岭石形成于陆源期风化阶段,少部分为后期硬水铝石硅化转变形成。针铁矿和赤铁矿形成于两个阶段,第一阶段为成矿前风化作用形成的铁质风化壳;第二阶段为铝土矿成岩晚期出现了一期铁质流体活动形成了大量的赤铁矿和针铁矿。重砂矿物金红石和锆石等主要是母岩风化作用的残留物。豫西铝土矿中矿物形成演化可归纳为如下五个阶段:陆源期、同生期、成矿期、成矿后期和表生期。     

广西靖西县新圩铝土矿Ⅶ号矿体矿石热分析

广西靖西新圩堆积型铝土矿为我国典型的一水铝型铝土矿。以新圩堆积型铝土矿的典型样品为研究对象,通过X衍射分析确定其矿物组成,进一步借助差热(DTA)与热重(TG/DTG)分析,探索铝土矿石加热过程。X衍射分析显示5个铝土矿样品矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、三水铝石、锐钛矿、金红石、针铁矿以及少量的高岭石。差热(DTA)分析显示铝土矿样品有2个明显的吸热峰,分别为三水铝石和硬水铝石吸热峰;热重(TG/DTG)曲线显示样品分解分为4个阶段,分别为吸附水失去阶段和三水铝石、针铁矿、硬水铝石脱羟基作用阶段。利用热重(TG/DTG)数据分别计算了硬水铝石、三水铝石、针铁矿矿物相对百分含量,与国内外同类型铝土矿矿石热分析特征对比显示具有大体一致的热分析特征。     

铝土矿粘土研究的回顾(续)

我国球粘土应成为独立矿种,湖沼球粘土中含“内胶体”的自生高岭石是生物有机质作用造成,水云母、I-M间层粘土矿物及有机质会增加可塑性、粘结性及干燥强度,钾、钠的增加可降低烧结温度。沉积球粘土与残积成因高岭石为无序或较无序,古生代煤系高岭石为有序和高度有序,岩浆热液成因的高岭石常为有序或高度有序;北方古生代软质粘土（紫矸）为规模较大、较为均匀稳定的高度有序高岭石,应积极开发。硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。     

晋中南地区铝土矿矿物特征及其成因

铝土矿是生产金属铝的主要来源,用途广泛。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜–能谱、X射线衍射、红外及差热分析等手段,研究晋中南石炭系铝土矿矿物特征,分析主要矿物成因。结果表明,铝土矿中所含矿物主要是硬水铝石和高岭石,少量伊利石、绿泥石、赤铁矿、菱铁矿、针铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、石英、钾长石及方解石等。硬水铝石分隐晶–微晶碎屑、它形粒状晶体、短柱–鳞片状晶体3种类型,差热曲线吸热峰温度偏低,晶胞参数均值a为0.441 546 nm,b为0.945 445 nm,c为0.285 250 nm。硬水铝石主要由高岭石脱硅转变而成,少量为结晶成因。高岭石形成于温暖潮湿气候的风化过程中,部分为复硅化产物。锐钛矿形成于低温低压、TiO₂供应充足的环境中。赤铁矿由含水氧化铁矿物风化脱水形成,少部分为成矿早期沼泽相或海相沉积。石英、钾长石及一些重矿物为陆源碎屑来源。      

贵州修文铝土矿床显微结构及其堆积特征和次生富集现象

用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了贵州修文铝土矿的物质成分及显微结构。着重讨论了铝土质粘土岩,致密状、豆鲕状、上状铝土矿及其过渡型试样。铝土质粘土岩以高岭石为主,根据其显微结构特征,确认电镜下所见高岭石为浅海相沉积自生矿物。铝土矿石以一水硬铝石为主。致密状铝土矿中含较多重金属元素,沉积吸附现象较为明显;土状铝土矿中多次生孔洞,孔洞中多填充完整的次生水铝石晶体。认为矿层的富集与淋滤次生富集有关。     

滇东南丘北地区大铁铝土矿工艺矿物学特征

云南省丘北县大铁中型铝土矿是近年来在滇东南地区新发现并探明的一水硬铝石沉积型铝土矿床,矿体赋存于上二叠统龙潭组下段。通过矿相学分析,对大铁铝土矿矿石的矿物组成和主要矿物的赋存状态进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,矿石主要矿物组成为一水硬铝石,其次是高岭石、伊利石、绢云母、绿泥石、锐钛矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、金红石、玉髓等。一水硬铝石呈现出多种结晶形态和复杂的赋存状态,其嵌布特征主要有以下5种：①呈自形、半自形粒状不均匀地嵌布在脉石矿物中;②呈豆状、土豆状、豆鲕状产出;③呈隐晶质、微晶集合体或极不规则的粒状、微粒状产出;④呈脉状、骸晶状产出;⑤一水硬铝石与铝凝胶或脉石矿物的集合体呈环带状或同心圆状产出。     

重庆大佛岩铝土矿床地质特征、矿床成因及伴生矿产综合利用

重庆大佛岩铝土矿床位于渝南黔北成矿带内.铝土矿含矿岩系分布在二叠系栖霞组灰岩或二叠系梁山组炭质页岩之下、志留系韩家店组粉砂质页岩或石炭系黄龙组灰岩之上,为一套含铝黏土岩组合,矿体一般在含矿岩系中部,平面上连续分布;矿石以土状和致密状铝土矿为主,含少量砾屑状和土豆状铝土矿;矿石矿物主要由硬水铝石组成,次为高岭石.通过对含矿岩系微量以及稀土元素的分析,认为重庆大佛岩铝土矿床主要是在弱酸性、氧化环境中形成的具陆相沉积特点的铝土矿床,铝土矿物源主要来自陆源;从含矿岩系中稀土元素与基底页岩中稀土元素相关系数、稀土元素配分模式曲线来看,成矿物质来源主要为下伏志留系韩家店组粉砂质页岩.大佛岩铝土矿床不仅具丰富的铝土矿资源,同时伴生有REO(rare earth oxides)、Ga、Sc、Li以及V等多种有益元素.铝土矿中伴生Ga、V等的综合利用可同主元素铝的利用结合起来,但REO、Sc、Li等因受到多方制约,目前尚无综合开发利用的可行性.因此在开发铝土矿的同时,开展伴生元素综合利用研究具有重要意义.     

山西、河南高铝粘土铝土矿矿床矿物学研究

耐火材料工业把Al₂O₃>46%（熟料）的耐火粘土称为“高铝粘土”。从理论上应把铝硅比≥2.6的称为耐火用铝土矿,惟我国《储量规范》为了勘探工作方便仍称其为高铝粘土。而普通耐火粘土（熟料Al₂O₃<46%,但实际应用扩大到50%）与高铝粘土中的易熔杂质总量不超过6%,灼减一般不大于16%,Fe₂O₃一般不大于3%或3.5%。     

重庆南川-武隆铝土矿矿物学、地球化学特征

重庆南川-武隆铝土矿属于渝南-黔北铝土矿成矿带,为喀斯特型铝土矿床。经显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射、矿物自动分析仪（MLA）、扫面电子显微镜等方法对该矿床矿物学的研究,发现组成铝土矿的主要矿物为一水硬铝石、高岭石、绿泥石,次要矿物为伊利石、一水软铝石、三水铝石、鲕绿泥石、菱铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、磷灰石、石英、锆石、方解石、长石及稀土矿物等。矿石组构及矿物组合表明形成铝土矿的沉积/成岩环境为接近于潜流的环境。矿石结构和锆石形态指示成矿物质经过了短距离的搬运。地球化学研究结果显示,组成铝土矿的主要化学成分为Al2O3、TFeO、SiO2和TiO2,铝土矿化过程中REE、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、Sc、Li和Ga发生富集。形成铝土矿的母岩物质主要来自下伏页岩的风化作用,灰岩和酸性火山岩对铝土矿的形成也有一定的贡献。结合稳定同位素资料,认为铝土矿的形成可能与生物作用有关。     

桂西堆积型铝土矿中三水铝石成因矿物学研究

桂西堆积型铝土矿中三水铝石的矿物共生组合、矿物空间分布规律、产出特征、矿物的形成世代、化学成分、稀土元素和矿体内外的水质成分等成因矿物学特征研究结果表明，红土中的三水铝石是由硬水铝石水解形成的，三水铝石形成于本区特殊的气候和地质条件，特别是地下水溶液中Al^ 3、[SiO4]^-2浓度及pH值等多种因素的制约，经历了Al(OH)3的沉淀、老化、脱玻化、结晶几个阶段。在淋滤作用的早期，形成了高岭石；在淋滤作用较弱的位置，形成了次生石英。不仅是新类型矿床，而且其成因也是独特的，是正处于退化中的铝土矿。     

A mass transfer model of bauxite formation

The formation of bauxite due to weathering of a granitic protolith has been simulated by means of a one-dimensional flow and reaction model based on the mass transfer principle. The model couples mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions, speciation in solution, and advective solute transport in a porous medium. A very important aspect of the modeling study is the use of mineral reaction rates determined experimentally in the laboratory. The important effects of solution saturation state and pH have been incorporated into the kinetic rate laws governing the heterogeneous reactions. The values of these parameters have been obtained from the scientific literature to guarantee that realistic reaction rates are used in the simulations. Albite and quartz are the minerals that make up the parent rock in the model. Gibbsite, kaolinite, and a Na-mica (as a surrogate for smectite) are the secondary minerals that have been taken into account. Long-term simulations (>1 Ma) have been run, and the formation of a bauxitic profile, with an upper gibbsite-rich and a lower kaolinite-rich zone, is predicted. In early stages of the process (up to a few hundreds of thousands of years), both gibbsite and kaolinite precipitate directly from solution as a consequence of albite dissolution. In later stages, the bulk of gibbsite precipitation derives from the incongruent dissolution of kaolinite, while kaolinite precipitation is still caused by the dissolution of albite. This is also reflected by the formation of two reaction fronts in the profile. These results are compared with weathering sequences from the Los Pijiguaos bauxite deposit, Venezuela. The overlap between the gibbsite and kaolinite zones and the replacement of kaolinite by gibbsite are consistent with model calculations. Mechanical denudation has to be called upon to explain the limited thicknesses of the weathering profiles in the field. The role of mechanical erosion is supported by the presence of microsedimentary structures in the bauxite and the balance between dissolved and suspended loads in the streams draining the area.     

河南三门峡贯沟铝土矿矿物组成及其特征

[摘 要] 河南三门峡市贯沟铝土矿属喀斯特型铝土矿。研究区内地层发育相对完全,除上奥陶统、 志留系、泥盆系和下石炭统地层缺失外,从太古界到新生界均有出露。铝土矿层主要产出于中石炭系本 溪组下段。矿石以鲕粒和隐晶质结构为主,少量碎屑结构。矿物学分析显示,铝土矿矿石的主要组成矿 物有硬水铝石、锐钛矿、伊利石,另外,还包括少部分高岭石、锆石等。硬水铝石呈隐晶质结构组成矿石 的基质,少部分呈现细小的板状、长柱状形态。锐钛矿存在两种形态:第一种是锐钛矿与硬水铝石二者 同期形成;第二种锐钛矿以脉状穿插在硬水铝石组成的基质中,形成稍晚于硬水铝石。伊利石主要呈鳞 片状集合体形态组成矿石的基质。锆石主要分散在硬水铝石组成的基质中。进一步研究发现:硬水铝 石电子探针分析显示晶体中存在Fe、Si 和Ti 等其它元素,其主体呈隐晶质与锐钛矿密切共生,指示硬水 铝石主要为简单的成岩结晶成因。矿石中的锐钛矿和硬水铝石共生,互相包含和穿插,反映大量的锐钛 矿是成矿期或成岩期结晶形成。对风化作用中形成的伊利石主要由云母转化而形成,该过程中矿物结 构并未发生明显改变。     

Geology and geochemistry of bauxite deposits in Lushoto District, Usambara Mountains, Tanzania

Bauxite deposits in the Usambara Mountains of north eastern Tanzania occur as remnants of residual deposits on two geomorphologically related plateaus of Mabughai-Mlomboza and Kidundai at Magamba in Lushoto, Usambara Mountains. The parent rocks for the deposits are mainly granulites and feldspathic gneisses of Neoproterozoic Mozambique belt. The plateaus represent a preserved Late Cretaceous–Lower Tertiary old land surface (African surface). Other parts of the Usambara Mountains and the neighbouring Pare Mountains are covered mostly by red–brown lateritic soils and impure reddish-brown kaolinitic clays. The bauxite deposits contain mainly Al₂O₃ (40–69 wt.%), Fe₂O₃ (3–10 wt.%), SiO₂ (0.16–7 wt.%) and other elements occur in quantities not substantial to affect the quality or processing of the bauxite, and are attributed to the presence of relic minerals. Gibbsite makes up to 98 vol.% of the bauxite ore in special cases. Gibbsite is accompanied by goethite in the ore. Boehmite occurs in small amounts and is usually accompanied by hematite. Impurities include goethite, hematite, kaolinite, and minor relic quartz and microcline. Kaolinite is the sole clay mineral encountered in the bauxite ore, suggesting mature soil profiles and a development of the bauxite deposits on a well-drained peneplanation. Ore reserve estimates from the drilling data and surface geological mapping of the deposits yielded bauxite reserves of about 37 million tonnes.     

河南巩县铝土矿及其含矿岩系的岩石学矿物学特点

河南巩县铝土矿位于华北地台的南部,其基底岩系为前寒武纪的变质岩系,其上有震旦系、寒武系和下、中奥陶统的地层。中奥陶统灰岩层是铝土矿的直接底板,灰岩的顶面凹凸不平,多被铁质浸染呈黄褐色,局部地方有残积的贫铁矿层,中石炭统铝土矿层呈平行不整合覆盖其上。     

Flotation mechanism of octylic hydroxamic acid on diaspore

Bauxite resources are widely spread in the earth. However, the effective utilization of this mineral is still under infant. The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid. It has three main drawbacks which are highly insoluble, large dosages in bauxite flotation, and low selectivity, which hinder its application in industry. In this research, octylic hydroxamic acid was synthesized, and its collecting ability toward two major minerals in bauxite-diaspore and kaolinite was investigated. The collecting power of various reagents for diaspore are shown as follows: oleic acid相似文献   

Characterization of bauxite deposits from Kachchh Area,Gujarat

The bauxites deposits of Kachchh area in Gujarat are investigated to characterize them based on mineralogical and petrographic studies. The major bauxitic mineral in these occurrences is gibbsite, with minor concentration of boehmite and diaspore. Apart from the bauxitic minerals, the other associate minerals are kaolin, calcite, alunite and the iron ore minerals such as hematite and goethite and titanium rich anatase. The iron ore minerals (hematite and goethite) are 10-50microns in size and are disseminated throughout the oolitic and pisolitic bauxitic minerals. At places the goethite exhibits colloform texture. The preservation of basaltic texture in some of the samples indicate that the insitu nature of these bauxites, which are formed by the alteration of calcic plagioclase from the parent basalt. Although, the basalt occurs as the main parent rock for these bauxites, the presence of calcite in some of the samples represent the possibility of having a limestone parent rock at least in some of the bauxite occurrences.