An enhanced approach to predict permeability in reservoir sandstones using artificial neural networks (ANN)

A key challenge in the oil and gas industry is the ability to predict key petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. The predictability of such properties is often complicated by the complex nature of geologic materials. This study is aimed at developing models that can estimate permeability in different reservoir sandstone facies types. This has been achieved by integrating geological characterization, regression models and artificial neural network models with porosity as the input data and permeability as the output. The models have been developed, validated and tested using samples from three wells and their predictive accuracy tested by using them to predict the permeability in a fourth well which was excluded from the model development. The results indicate that developing the models on a facies basis provides a better predictive capability and simpler models compared to developing a single model for all the facies combined. The model for the combined facies predicted permeability with a correlation coefficient of 0.41 which is significantly lower than the correlation coefficient of 0.97, 0.93, 0.99, 0.96, 0.96 and 0.85 for the massive coarse-grained sandstones, massive fine-grained sandstones-moderately sorted, massive fine-grained sandstones-poorly sorted, massive very fine-grained sandstones, parallel-laminated sandstones and bioturbated sandstones, respectively. The models proposed in this paper can predict permeability at up to 99% accuracy. The lower correlation coefficient of the bioturbated sandstone facies compared to other facies is attributed to the complex and variable nature of bioturbation activities which controls the petrophysical properties of highly bioturbated rocks.     

Reservoir parameters determination using artificial neural networks: Ras Fanar field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Ras Fanar field is one of the largest oil-bearing carbonate reservoirs in the Gulf of Suez. The field produces from the Middle Miocene Nullipore carbonate reservoir, which consists mainly of algal-rich dolomite and dolomitic limestone rocks, and range in thickness between 400 and 980 ft. All porosity types within the Nullipore rocks have been modified by diagenetic processes such as dolomitization, leaching, and cementation; hence, the difficulty arise in the accurate determination of certain petrophysical parameters, such as porosity and permeability, using logging data only. In this study, artificial neural networks (ANN) are used to estimate and predict the most important petrophysical parameters of Nullipore reservoir based on well logging data and available core plug analyses. The different petrophysical parameters are first calculated from conventional logging and measured core analyses. It is found that pore spaces are uniform all over the reservoirs (17–23%), while hydrocarbon content constitutes more than 55% and represented mainly by oil with little saturations of secondary gasses. A regular regression analysis is carried out over the calculated and measured parameters, especially porosity and permeability. Fair to good correlation (R <65%) is recognized between both types of datasets. A predictive ANN module is applied using a simple forward backpropagation technique using the information gathered from the conventional and measured analyses. The predicted petrophysical parameters are found to be much more accurate if compared with the parameters calculated from conventional logging analyses. The statistics of the predicted parameters relative to the measured data, show lower sum error (<0.17%) and higher correlation coefficient (R >80%) indicating that good matching and correlation is achieved between the measured and predicted parameters. This well-learned artificial neural network can be further applied as a predictive module in other wells in Ras Fanar field where core data are unavailable.     

松科二井火石岭组地层岩石物理学特征研究

松辽盆地资源与环境深部钻探工程是针对白垩纪古气候与古环境研究、地球深部资源调查以及基础地质研究等一系列科学问题而实施的科学钻探。松科二井是松辽盆地科学钻探工程的主体钻孔,设计的测井项目齐全,采集了丰富、连续、原位的地球物理测井资料。本文主要利用该孔的测井资料研究深部火石岭组地层岩石物理学特征;结合实验室岩心核磁共振测试结果,分析不同岩性储层的孔隙结构特征。研究表明,火石岭组地层主要发育安山岩、凝灰岩、复成分砾岩和凝灰质泥岩,其中火成岩岩相以爆发相和喷溢相为主,安山岩和复成分砾岩表现为高电阻率、低声波时差特征,凝灰岩为低电阻率、高声波时差特征,凝灰质泥岩电阻率最低;储层整体上具有低孔低渗的特点,但凝灰岩储层小孔和中孔发育,物性相对较好,是较为有利的储层。研究结果为进一步评价松辽盆地深部油气资源和地层结构提供了有力支持。     

基于岩石物理相的砂砾岩储层分类评价--以准噶尔盆地玛131井区块百二段为例

勘探实践表明,准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡主力油层段百二段砂砾岩储层非均质性强,孔隙结构差异大,需要综合影响储层的各种地质因素对其进行分类评价。利用岩芯、薄片、钻测井、物性、工业CT等资料,对准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡玛131井区块百二段砂砾岩储层沉积相、成岩相、裂缝相特征进行了研究,在此基础上分析了百二段储层岩石物理相,并基于岩石物理相对储层进行分类评价,预测有利储层发育区。通过沉积微相、成岩相的叠加聚类,对研究区百二段砂砾岩储层岩石物理相进行分类,划分出水下分流河道-不稳定组分溶蚀等岩石物理相;按照沉积相、成岩相对储层孔隙结构的建设与破坏作用归纳出3大类岩石物理相。依据三类岩石物理相将储层划分为3类,并结合压汞、薄片、CT、产能等资料进行表征与评价,其中一类和二类岩石物理相储集性能较好,三类岩石物理相为致密遮挡层。最后以亚段为单位,对百二段岩石物理相进行平面成图,预测有利储层分布区。     

应用遗传神经网络研究碎屑岩储集层流动单元

应用遗传神经网络模式识别方法,以文72块沙三中为例,在取芯关键井流动单元聚类分析的基础上,选用流动层指数、孔隙度、渗透率、粒度中值、泥质含量、最大孔喉半径6项参数,将取芯井流动单元划分为4类,采用神经网络模式识别方法,通过建立遗传神经网络的学习及预测模型,对文72块沙三中油藏进行了流动单元识别,阐述了各类流动单元的特征,并应用序贯指示模拟,获得了流动单元的时空展布.流动单元与沉积微相空间分布的对比表明,物性和储集能力都较好的流动单元大部分位于水下分支水道微相中部及河口坝微相,水道和河口坝沉积是控制物性较好流动单元的主要沉积微相.储集层流动单元比沉积微相更精细地刻画了影响储集层流体流动的地下结构,通过流动单元研究可以预测剩余油的可能分布.     

Porosity-reducing and porosity-enhancing diagenetic factors for some carbonate microfacies: a guide for petrophysical facies discrimination

The present study deals with the petrographical and petrophysical properties of the Aptian–Albian Risan Aneiza Formation in north Sinai, Egypt. Cementation and aggrading neomorphism are the main porosity-reducing factors for Risan Aneiza Formation, whereas dissolution and leaching out are the main porosity-enhancing factors. Dolomitization, on the other hand, played a multistage role as a porosity-reducing factor in the initial invasion stage by Mg-bearing solutions and in the final pervasive stage, while it played an enhancing role in the selective dolomitization midway stage. Mostly, the mentioned pore types were later reduced by cementation with sparite and dolosparite as well as by aggrading neomorphism. Based on the governing effect of diagenetic factors on the petrophysical behavior and their enhancing or reducing effect on the pore volume, the Risan Aneiza Formation has to be classified into seven petrophysical facies; each one has its characteristic petrophysical features and behavior. The petrophysical behavior of the studied facies has been examined by measuring porosity, density, permeability, and electrical resistivity. The reservoir quality index reveals that the petrophysical features of the studied facies can be explained based on their petrographical features, indicating bad reservoir properties for the Risan Aneiza samples. Studying the petrophysical facies behavior indicates that the permeability and formation resistivity factors are mostly dependent on the effective porosity and, to some extent, on the electric tortuosity. Precautions must be taken into consideration in extrapolating the present conclusion to the subsurface extensions, e.g., similarity of the mineralogical composition, the diagenetic history stage, as well as the geopressure.     

The impact of diagenetic fluid–rock reactions on Rotliegend sandstone composition and petrophysical properties (Altmark area, central Germany)

In the framework of the German R&D joint project CLEAN (CO₂ large-scale enhanced gas recovery in the Altmark natural gas field), Rotliegend reservoir sandstones of the Altensalzwedel block in the Altmark area (Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany) have been studied to characterise litho- and diagenetic facies, mineral content, geochemical composition, and petrophysical properties. These sands have been deposited in a playa environment dominated by aeolian dunes, dry to wet sand flats and fluvial channel fills. The sediments exhibit distinct mineralogical, geochemical, and petrophysical features related to litho- and diagenetic facies types. In sandstones of the damp to wet sandflats, their pristine red colours are preserved and porosity and permeability are only low. Rocks of the aeolian environment and most of the channel fill deposits are preferentially bleached and exhibit moderate to high porosity and permeability. Although geochemical element whole rock content in these rocks is very similar, element correlations are different. Variations in porosity and permeability are mainly due to calcite and anhydrite dissolution and differences in clay coatings with Fe-bearing illitic-chloritic composition exposed to the pore space. Moreover, mineral dissolution patterns as well as compositions (of clays and carbonate) and morphotypes of authigenic minerals (chlorite, illite) are different in red and bleached rocks. Comparison of the geochemical composition and mineralogical features of diagenetically altered sandstones and samples exposed to CO₂-bearing fluids in laboratory batch experiments exhibit similar character. Experiments prove an increase in wettability and water binding capacity during CO₂ impact.     

准噶尔盆地五彩湾凹陷基底火山岩储集性能及影响因素

含油气火山岩储层的研究为石油勘探开拓了更广阔的前景.利用岩心、薄片及成像测井(FMI)等手段对准噶尔盆地五彩湾凹陷基底火山岩储层的岩性特征、岩相分布、岩石物性(包括孔隙度和渗透率)进行了研究.该区含油气的火山岩主要为中石炭世巴山组(C₂b), 包括熔岩(安山岩和玄武岩)和火山碎屑岩.熔岩的平均孔隙度和渗透率分别为7.4 2 %和0.82× 10-3 μm2; 火山角砾岩类的平均孔隙度和渗透率分别为9.84 %和0.33× 10-3 μm₂.这些火山岩储集空间类型以次生孔、缝为主.与盆地内基底火山岩储集性能最好的腹部石西油田相比, 东部五彩湾凹陷的储集性能略差.火山喷发时的环境、火山岩的岩性岩相。      

伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩孔隙结构及控制因素

伊拉克哈法亚油田Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构类型的差异性及对其控制因素的认识是制约该类储层分类评价的一个关键问题。综合利用岩芯、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、常规物性、压汞分析等手段及统计分析方法对储层的主要孔隙类型、喉道类型、喉道分布特征进行了研究,确定了孔隙结构划分依据和方案,并划分出了中低孔超低渗细喉型、中低孔低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗中细喉型、高孔中低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗中喉型六种孔隙结构类型,并通过毛管压力曲线的形态划分出了Ⅰ-Ⅴ五类线型;研究区主要发育开阔台地相,并划分出8种储集岩类型,分别是泥晶灰岩、生屑粒泥灰岩、生屑泥粒灰岩、砂屑生屑泥粒灰岩、生屑颗粒灰岩、砂屑生屑颗粒灰岩、介壳类漂浮岩和岩溶建造岩,其中岩溶建造岩储层具有较特殊的网络状孔隙结构。因此,可以认为哈法亚Mishrif组储层主要受早成岩期岩溶作用影响,其早成岩期溶蚀具有明显的相控特征,是孔隙结构差异性的主要控制因素,极大的改善了该套储层的物性。     

涠西南凹陷11-7构造区流沙港组中深层有效储层下限厘定

为明确涠西南凹陷11-7构造区流沙港组中深层碎屑岩有效储层物性下限,基于物性、生产测试、试油、压汞及测井综合地质解释等资料,利用分布函数曲线法、动态生产测试法、试油法、束缚水饱和度法及最小有效孔喉半径法,进行有效储层下限的厘定,并以物性差值为对比参数,结合沉积相、砂体厚度、成岩演化、岩石成分和地层压力进行控制因素分析。结果表明:该区有效储层主要受沉积相和砂体厚度因素控制,辫状河三角洲水下分流河道微相储层最好,重力流有效储层发育程度差;次要因素为成岩阶段,相同成岩期内粗粒岩性较中细粒储层物性差值分异幅度大;岩石成分刚性组分含量高,物性差值高,次生孔隙带长石含量高,物性差值高。该区局部超压作用与储层有效性正相关,但影响作用较小。     

Seismic characterization of switching platform geometries and dominant carbonate producers (Miocene,Las Negras,Spain)

The primary goals of seismic interpretation and quantification are to understand and define reservoir architecture and the distribution of petrophysical properties. Since seismic interpretation is associated with major uncertainties, outcrop analogues are used to support and improve the resulting conceptual models. In this study, the Miocene carbonates of Cerro de la Molata (Las Negras, south‐east Spain) have been selected as an outcrop analogue. The heterogeneous carbonate rocks of the Cerro de la Molata Platform were formed by a variety of carbonate‐producing factories, resulting in various platform morphologies and a wide range of physical properties. Based on textural (thin sections) and petrophysical (porosity, density, carbonate content and acoustic properties) analyses of the sediments, eleven individual facies types were determined. The data were used to produce synthetic seismic profiles of the outcrop. The profiles demonstrate that the spatial distribution of the facies and the linked petrophysical properties are of key importance in the appearance of the synthetic seismic sections. They reveal that carbonate factory and facies‐specific reflection patterns are determined by porosity contrasts, diagenetic modifications and the input of non‐carbonate sediment. The reflectors of the seismograms created with high‐frequency wavelets are coherent with the spatial distribution of the predefined facies within the depositional sequences. The synthetic seismograms resulting from convolution with lower frequency wavelets do not show these details – the major reflectors coincide with: (i) the boundary between the volcanic basement and the overlying carbonates; (ii) the platform geometries related to changes in carbonate factories, thus sequence boundaries; and (iii) diagenetic zones. Changes in seismic response related to diagenesis, switching carbonate producers and linked platform geometries are important findings that need to be considered when interpreting seismic data sets.     

Correlation between rock fabrics and physical properties of carbonate reservoir rocks

 Three carbonate core samples from an oil and gas reservoir of the NW German basin were chosen to study the correlation between rock fabrics and physical properties of reservoir rocks. Detailed fabric analyses and texture investigations were carried out as well as laboratory measurements of different physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, permeability, electrical conductivity, seismic compressional and shear wave velocities. Although the three core samples come from a similar depositional facies, they show great differences in the occurrence and three-dimensional distribution of the rock fabric elements. These heterogeneities are the result of various diagenetic and tectonic processes. For the correlation between the rock fabrics and the physical properties four main rock fabric types have to be considered: (a) major constituents, e.g. fossils, ooides, peloides and crystals; (b) pore space with different pore types; (c) fractures; and (d) stylolites. The results of the correlation clearly show that the values and anisotropies of the petrophysical properties are fairly related to the observed fabric elements, with their different arrangements, spatial distributions and preferred orientations. These results also provide a fundamental understanding of the petrophysical responses, such as seismics, to the different geological features (e.g. fractures) and their dynamic changes with pressure, which can be converted to different depths. The knowledge gained from such correlations may lead to an improved interpretation of geophysical data for hydrocarbon exploration and production and therefore to an advanced reservoir characterization. Received: 28 January 1999 / Accepted: 21 June 1999     

Petrophysical evaluation of subsurface reservoir sandstones of Bengal Basin,Bangladesh

The present study has been carried out for core and log based petrophysical evaluation of subsurface reservoir sandstones considering at least one well from each of the Kailas Tila, Titas, Bakhrabad and Shahbazpur gas fields of Bangladesh. Core analysis results show that average core porosity, permeability and pore throat values are 20%, 209 mD and 44020 Å, respectively. These measured values support that the sandstone reservoirs are categorized as good quality reservoirs. Core porosity values usually exceed thin section porosity. Different cross-plots indicate that permeability is largely dependent on porosity. Permeability and porosity are also dependent on textural parameters that include size, shape, sorting and matrix of the reservoir sandstones. It reveals from both thin section study and different cross plots that diagenetic cements are the main controlling factors of the reservoirs. Quantitative determination of the volume of cements shows that cements have inverse correlation with porosity and permeability. Log based petrophysical parameters include shale volume, porosity, water and hydrocarbon saturation, permeability, moveability index and bulk volume of water. The average values of the mentioned parameters are 20%, 22%, 26%, 74%, 110 mD, 0.28 and 0.05, respectively. The most important parameters are porosity and permeability, which indicate that log porosity exceeds core porosity and log permeability significantly lags behind core permeability. The study also reveals that 23 gas zones covering total thickness of 385 m sandstones mostly posses good quality reservoirs except few moderate quality reservoirs.     

碳酸盐岩储层渗透率预测

碳酸盐岩渗透率受岩石结构控制,而岩石结构是沉积和成岩共同作用的结果,碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的定量计算和预测是高效开发碳酸盐岩气田的重要依据.同传统指数模型、Winland-Pittman模型、Garman-Kozeny模型、Bryant-Finney模型相比,一般渗透率计算模型更能将岩石渗透率和地质参数有机地联系起来.采用一般渗透率模型,根据岩石原始水饱和度测定数据和薄片孔隙度,再结合钻井岩芯、岩屑和常规测井(自然伽马和深侧向电阻率)等资料,将岩石结构数与岩石物性及沉积旋回联系起来,对四川盆地某探井鲕滩气层的渗透率进行了定量计算,进而分析储层段渗透率垂向变化和沉积旋回间的关系,为在高频层序旋回内精确选定开发层段提供了可靠依据.     

松辽盆地杏山地区深部火山岩有利储层的控制因素及分布预测

深层火山岩储层研究是松辽盆地油气勘探的新领域。地球化学和岩石学研究表明,与松辽盆地南部深层火山岩相比,盆地北部杏山地区营城组的火山岩以中酸性喷出岩类为主,其中灰白色流纹岩中的原生气孔、风化溶蚀孔和构造裂缝为较好的储集空间。利用常规测井资料可以对火山岩岩性进行较好的识别,结合成像测井资料可以较好地描述和预测裂缝-孔隙性储层。研究表明：常规测井解释的裂缝孔隙度、产状以及预测结果与成像和取心结果符合较好;近火山口有利岩相带中,风化淋滤溶蚀作用和构造裂缝是营城组火山岩储层形成有利储集空间的主要控制因素。利用测井约束地震反演预测的3种火山岩体参数（火山岩厚度、上覆盖层厚度和构造曲率）进行叠合可以较好地预测火山岩优质储层的空间分布特征。结合有利相带、储集空间类型以及储层物性特征,提出了研究区火山岩储层的综合分类评价标准。将营城组火山岩储层划分为3类,预测出8个有利储层发育区,其预测结果与实际钻井和测试数据符合较好,为本区的深部天然气勘探指明了方向。     

华北地台东部石炭系—二叠系优质煤储层形成分布控制因素

优质煤储层在此指厚度大、分布广、储集物性好的煤层。沉积相对优质煤储层的形成和分布有重要控制作用。通过浅海和泻湖淤积填平发育起来的潮坪环境和三角洲环境是最有利的优质煤储层形成环境,煤储层厚度大、分布广。沉积环境对煤储层中的灰分含量和镜质组含量有重要影响,而灰分含量和镜质组含量又直接影响煤储层的储集物性。灰分充填了煤储层中的孔隙,其含量越高,储集物性越差;镜质组有利于割理的形成,其含量越高,储集物性越好。由于在灰分含量、煤岩显微组分等方面的差异,潮坪环境沉积的煤储层的储集物性优于三角洲的煤储层,下三角洲平原沉积的煤储层优于上三角洲平原沉积的煤储层。海平面变化对优质煤储层的形成和分布也有重要控制作用。高位体系煤储层富集,单层厚度大,横向分布相当稳定,尤其是高位体系域晚期,是形成优质煤储层最有利的层位。而水进体系域煤储层稀少,单层厚度小,横向分布不稳定,不利于优质煤储层形成。     

Petrophysical properties assessment using wireline logs data at well#3 of Srikail gas field,Bangladesh

This study focused on the quantitative analysis of the petrophysical parameters in characterizing the reservoir properties of the Srikail gas field using multi-scale wireline logs. Petrophysical parameters (shale volume, porosity, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation) were estimated from the combination of gamma ray log, resistivity log, density log and neutron log for three hydrocarbon (gas)-bearing zones at well#3. At the first time, log records at 0.1 m and 0.2 m intervals were read for this study. Result showed the average shale volume is 21.07%, 53.67% and 51.71% for zone-1, zone-2 and zone-3, respectively. For these zones, the estimated average porosity was 35.89%, 29.83% and 28.76%, respectively. The average water saturation of 31.54%, 16.83% and 23.39% and average hydrocarbon saturation of 68.46%, 83.17% and 76.61% were calculated for zone-1, zone-2 and zone-3, respectively. Thus zone-2 is regarded the most productive zone of well#3. It was found that the values of some parameters (porosity, hydrocarbon saturation and permeability) are higher than the existing results. Therefore, this study confirmed that the log reading at minute/close interval provides better quantitive values of the reservoir’s petrophysical properties. It is expected that this result will contribute to the national gas field development program in future.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

苏德尔特油田低渗透凝灰质砂岩成岩作用及储层质量差异性演化

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层为典型的富火山物质的低渗致密砂岩储层。利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、压汞测试分析等方法,对兴安岭油层储层成岩作用及其控制下的储层质量演化过程进行了系统研究。结果表明,储层目前主要处于中成岩A期,整体经历了压实作用-早期方解石胶结作用/方沸石胶结作用-方沸石溶解/长石溶解作用/高岭石胶结作用/硅质胶结作用-晚期方解石胶结作用。兴安岭油层储层可以划分出强压实成岩相（I）、弱压实-方解石中强胶结成岩相（II）、中等压实-方沸石/长石强溶解成岩相（III）、中等压实-方沸石/长石中强溶解-高岭石强烈充填成岩相（IV）4种类型的成岩相。压实作用和早期方解石胶结作用导致储层孔隙度和渗透率降低,方沸石和长石的溶解作用有效提高储层孔隙度和渗透率,高岭石的沉淀作用导致储层渗透率大大降低。成岩相I和成岩相II储层质量最差,孔隙度和渗透率均较低,为典型的特低孔特低渗致密储层;成岩相III储层质量最好,具有较高的孔隙度和渗透率,为中孔-中低渗储层;成岩相IV储层质量中等,具有较高的孔隙度,但渗透率较低,为中孔（特）低渗储层。     

松辽盆地营城组火山岩定量储层地质模型及其精细描述

储层地质模型指火山岩的岩性岩相和储层物性的空间分布。通过对营城组火山岩剖面的详细研究,结合2口钻井的岩心资料,详细划分对比储层单元,定量刻画火山岩储层。研究区火山岩相呈喷溢相→爆发相→喷溢相+侵出相→火山沉积相→爆发相→火山通道相＋喷溢相的序列特征。爆发相、喷溢相规模最大,各亚相侧向延伸在400～4 000 m,单层厚度为2～130 m;火山通道相、侵出相和火山沉积相的规模较小,侧向延伸为110～1 500 m,单层厚度为3～85 m。营下段为Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类储层,营一段为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类储层夹Ⅳ类储层,营二段为Ⅰ类储层,营三段为互层的Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类储层夹薄层Ⅳ类储层。上部亚相、火山颈亚相、内带亚相是最好储层,下部亚相、隐爆角砾岩亚相为较好储层,爆发相为中等储层,中部亚相、火山沉积相为差储层。火山熔岩类物性随埋深增加变化小,火山碎屑岩类物性随埋深增加变化大,低孔、低渗岩石的物性随埋深增加变化小。     

Alam El Bueib reservoir characterization,Tut oil field,North Western Desert,Egypt

An integrated petrophysical well log and core data analysis of the Alam El Bueib-3D (AEB-3D) and Alam El Bueib-3E (AEB-3E) reservoirs, Tut oil field, North Western Desert, Egypt, allows the evaluation of those parameters critical to their reservoir characterization. The determined reservoir properties investigated are lithology, depositional paleoenvironments, shale volume, porosity, fluid saturation and net pay thickness. As the analysis of reservoir pressure is essential to specify the driving mechanisms that control the behavior of fluids within reservoirs, pressure analysis identified the Alam El Bueib-3D reservoir to be partial water drive and Alam El Bueib-3E to be an active water drive. In addition, the pressure analysis identified two additional hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the Alam El Bueib-3D. Stacking patterns of the Alam El Bueib-3D reservoirs are generally fining upward sequences reflecting fluvial to braided fluvial paleoenvironments. The Alam El Bueib-3E channel shows blocky patterns with sharp bases and tops diagnostic of distributary channels. Statistical analysis of core permeability and porosity values of the Alam El Bueib reservoirs indicate very good reservoir quality. Scatter diagrams of porosity values derived from core analysis for the AEB-3D and AEB-3E reservoirs reveal correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.93 and 0.64, respectively, indicating strong linear relationships. Plots of porosity values against permeability values also show strong linear relationships in all the reservoirs indicating that the AEB-3D and the AEB-3E are permeable and with strong pore communication. The permeability measurements indicate restricted reservoir heterogeneity as plots of vertical permeability values against horizontal permeability values exhibit linear trends. Altogether, the reservoir characterization of the Alam El Bueib reservoirs demonstrates their excellent potential for hydrocarbon production.