日出长海

长海县隶属大连市,位于辽东半岛东侧,黄海北部海域,是辽宁省唯一的海岛县。乡村人口7.5万人。有汉、满、蒙、苗、达翰尔、朝鲜、藏、维吾尔和锡伯族等民族。长海县是一个四     

我国海岛县经济发展水平综合评价

海岛县实现经济可持续发展在我国科学开发海洋,实现海洋经济可持续发展的过程中具有重要地位.从总量经济指标和人均量经济指标两个方面对我国12个海岛县的经济发展状况进行了评价,并计算了这些指标的基尼系数,分析海岛县经济发展的差距.结果发现,海岛县县际经济发展存在明显差异.不管是总量指标,还是人均量指标,计算的基尼系数总体较高,但人均量指标基尼系数低于总量指标基尼系数,反映了海岛县经济发展的不均等程度较高.     

海岛土地资源可持续利用战略研究——辽宁省长海县为例

文章阐述了海岛土地资源的特点、土地利用中存在的问题、土地资源可持续利用应遵循的原则及土地资源可持续利用的模式。并以辽宁省的海岛县长海县为例,提出海岛土地资源可持续利用的战略是发展“飞地”经济在大陆建立工业园区,开发无居民海岛发展旅游业,开发滩涂资源、浅海资源大力发展养殖业,建立生态转移支付机制,在规划中加强对产业发展方向的管制,依法治渔,科技兴渔,实现渔业可持续发展等。     

基于生态足迹方法的长海县可持续发展评价研究

长海县2008年人均生态足迹为1.9927 hm2/cap,其中能源生态足迹为1.4305 hm2/cap,所占比重最大.人均生态承载力为2.1855 hm2/cap,长海县生态需求占生态供给的91.18%,尚处于可持续发展状态.为减小生态压力,促进长海县的可持续发展,长海县应调整和优化产业结构,减少能源消耗,提高能源使用效率,大力发展旅游业.     

海岛社会经济系统可持续发展评价研究

文章基于海岛可持续发展的特点,以海岛资源状况指标、社会发展指标、智力评价指标为目标,建立海岛社会经济可持续发展支持系统,从而以12个海岛县为研究对象,评价12个海岛县可持续发展的社会经济状态和进程,并对海岛可持续发展战略的实施提出建设性对策措施.     

辽宁长海浮筏养殖对聚球藻蓝细菌分布的影响

1 引言 辽宁省长海县海域具有较高的生产力,是辽宁省的水产养殖重点海域.浮筏养殖和底播增殖虾夷扇贝,已发展成为长海县的支柱经济产业,其产值占全县渔业总产值的90％以上.但是,近几年来长海海域生态环境存在急剧恶化趋势,增养殖海域自身污染越来越为严重,养殖病害频繁发生,成为限制海洋生态渔业可持续发展的重要因素[1].     

长海县发展旅游业的几点思考

长海县位于辽东半岛东侧的黄海北部,是东北地区惟一的海岛县,也是全国惟一的海岛边境县,全县由112个岛屿、5处群礁和51个明礁呈东西排列组成,达百余千米,统称长山列岛。长海县东与朝鲜半岛隔海相望,西南与山东省庙岛列岛相对,西部和北部海域毗邻大连市城区及普兰店市、庄河市。全县陆地面积153．06km^2,跨海域面积8446.2km^2,海岸     

中国海岛县旅游开发的现状和对策研究

近几年来,海岛旅游成为旅游发展的热点,旅游产业已经成为中国各海岛县的优势产业和支柱产业.本文首先介绍了中国海岛县地理环境和经济社会发展水平概况.然后重点介绍了12个海岛县旅游业开发的现状,其中具体对旅游资源开发现状、旅游效益情况进行了分析,本文还分析了海岛县旅游发展的态势并对未来几年的旅游业绩进行了预测,最后给出了海岛县发展旅游业的对策.     

基于非结构性决策模糊集理论的海岛可持续发展能力评价模型及其在长海县的应用

海岛可持续发展问题的复杂性和多样性,至今还尚未形成普遍认可和适用的海岛可持续发展评价指标体系,本研究试图借鉴陆域可持续发展指标体系的思路,结合海岛的特征,从生存支持、生态环境、经济发展、社会与智力支持四个层面选取指标,构建海岛可持续发展评价的指标体系及其评价模型,分析评价海岛可持续发展的水平、发展定位及其制约因子,并将熵权法和非结构性决策模糊集理论模型相结合确定海岛可持续发展评价指标的权重,最后以长海县作为海岛可持续发展评价的样本,对长海县2001-2008年可持续发展的状况进行定量研究,识别影响长海县可持续发展能力的关键因素,存在的问题及其限制性因子,为海洋开发规划和经济发展规划等提供重要的基础技术支撑。     

中国海岛县生态经济协调开发模式研究

文章基于海岛相对独立的地域特征及生态环境脆弱性的特点,选取生态环境健康状况和经济社会发展程度两个领域30项基础指标,采用AHP、熵值法以及耦合模型,对2009年中国12个海岛县的生态经济发展协调度进行横向研究,结果显示：嵊泗县、普陀区、定海区和玉环县生态经济矛盾较为尖锐,协调度处于拮抗阶段;岱山县和洞头县生态经济协调度处于磨合阶段,可持续危机突出。进而结合具体实际,依据12个海岛县生态经济演变现状,构建出4种海岛县生态经济协调开发模式,包括生态保护模式、生态修复模式、战略后备模式和适度发展模式,从而为海岛县生态经济实现可持续发展提供支撑。     

Preformed Cd and PO4 and the relationship between the two elements in the northwestern Pacific and the Okhotsk Sea

Preformed Cd and PO₄ were investigated in the northwestern Pacific (Station CM05) and the Okhotsk Sea (Station CM06), and the relationship between the two elements was examined. At CM05, from the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)–Cd and PO₄ plot, the different molecular ratios of consumed O₂ to regenerated Cd and PO₄ were calculated to be 254,000 (Cd) and 96 (PO₄) for the shallow layer (30–99 m) and 613,000 (Cd) and 170 (PO₄) for the deep layer (below the oxygen minimum layer), which suggested the preferential remineralization of Cd and PO₄ in the shallow layer. At CM06, regeneration ratios of O₂/Cd, PO₄ were obtained only in the shallow layer (29–124 m) as 227,000 (Cd) and 75 (PO₄). The calculated preformed Cd and PO₄ concentrations in the shallow layer were 0.59 nM of Cd and 1.6 μM of PO₄ at CM05 and 0.35 nM of Cd and 0.95 μM of PO₄ at CM06. These concentrations were much higher than those (close to 0) in the low-latitude area, which was attributable to the supply of these constituents from deep water by the strong winter convection. In the deep layer, at CM05, preformed concentrations were 0.64 nM of Cd and 1.4 μM of PO₄. Preformed PO₄ generally agreed with previously reported values in the Pacific, which suggested that the concentrations of the initial PO₄ in the deep water were preserved as preformed through the movement to the northwestern Pacific. On the other hand, obtained preformed Cd in the northwestern Pacific deep water showed a somewhat higher value than that in the southwest Pacific. The possibility of the terrestrial input and remineralization of Cd by CaCO₃ dissolution during the northward movement was considered. A plot of Cd and PO₄ showed a linear relationship with slopes of 0.34 and 0.40 (nM/μM) at CM05 and CM06, respectively, which generally agreed with the reported values in the North Pacific.     

海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境问题及对策研究

在分析海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境优势的基础上，指出当前存在的5个主要问题，即海洋资源的综合开发利用缺乏统一的规划、海洋防护林和生物资源破坏严重、水质富营养化、海域污染等，并对存在问题提出今后的对策。     

渤海、黄海、东海冬季海流场温度场数值模拟和同化技术

利用NASA高分辨率的卫星遥感资料SST,采用Nudging同化来模拟渤海、黄海、东海的三维温度场,减小用热通量作上边界条件所带来的误差.结果表明,模拟的海流场能较好地反映渤海、黄海、东海的环流特征.数据同化后的温度场优于未经同化的温度场.3个选择站点的同化值与实测值的均方根误差分别为1.307,0.526,0.744,用热通量资料模拟的水温与实测值的均方根误差分别为2.160,0.979,1.330.尽管只同化了海表温度,但数据同化对三维温度场结构都有影响.     

体现执法威力 维护海上权益

2004年，是我国海洋工作面临历史性机遇和挑战的一年。中国海监总队在国家海洋局的领导和关怀下，在局各有关部门和各分局、各沿海省(自治区、直辖市)海洋厅(局)的大力支持下，坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神，全面落实局党组2004年的重点工作，以执法能力建设为重点，以海盾系列专项执法、执法示范工作为主线，上下团结一致，与时俱进，开拓进取，认真履行职能，全力推进全国海监队伍建设和海洋执法监察工作。     

东海黑潮温、盐度与中国东部气温和降水的相互关系

采用东海黑潮主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料,研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系.结果表明,在过去50 a内,东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势,而上层盐度略呈下降趋势.东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切,呈现出大面积显著的正相关,这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关.夏季,长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海,可能是导致黑潮上层水盐度下降的一个原因,此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关.     

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas

Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002, 2003 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5‰, NB – up to 0.75‰) and cytotoxicity (FA – up to 0.53‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish.     

Canada and the law of the sea

This is a historical review of Canadian policy at the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. Canadian objectives with regard to the territorial sea, fisheries, pollution prevention and the continental shelf are outlined and the role played by the Canadian delegation at UNCLOS is described. The article then examines the impact of the Convention on Canada, particular attention being paid to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and the Canadian role in the controversy over seabed mining. The author concludes by arguing that Canada was a major beneficiary of the Convention, but that US opposition has placed the future of the Convention in jeopardy.     

Comparison between the magnetic and petrological characteristics of the peridotites from the gorringe ridge and the peridotites from the mid-ocean ridges

The purpose of our work was to obtain the most possible detailed information about the composition, concentration, and structural features of the magnetic minerals contained in the rock to reveal the differences in the magnetic properties of the peridotites under various circumstances of the mantle magmatism and different conditions of metamorphism. To do this, we examined and analyzed the magnetic and petrographic characteristics of four collections of oceanic and alpinotype spinel peridotites. The main object for comparing the magnetic characteristics was the Gorringe ridge, which lies in the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The peridotite samples from the Gorringe ridge differ from the other collections in many magnetic parameters: I _n , χ, Q, I _rs /I _s , H _c , H _cr , and H _m . The principal question of our work was to clarify the nature of the Earth’s crust where the Gorringe ridge formed. This subject was studied many times in the literature, but the researchers did not reach a common opinion. In accordance with our data, the spinel peridotites from the Gorringe ridge represent a subcontinental lithosphere mantle of the Iberian continental margin. During the metamorphism, the formation of magnetite occurred in the peridotites of the Gorringe ridge in several stages and had a regressive character. Our investigations explain the results of the analysis of the anomalous magnetic field over the Gorringe ridge, which is characterized by sharp roughness and high intensity of the local signchanging anomalies.     

金塘大桥桥轴线优化及建桥对水流和航道的影响

金塘大桥跨越灰鳖洋,连接金塘岛沥港镇与宁波镇海新泓口,全长18.5 km,为舟山连岛工程的主体.该大桥工程所在海域潮汐为非正规浅海半日潮,历年最大潮差为3.67 m,多年平均潮差为1.91 m;潮流呈往复流特征,且基本平行于峡道走向.金塘大桥水域东侧微冲,西侧微淤,深泓摆幅较小,深槽稳定.在海床演变分析的基础上,运用数学模型进行了桥轴线的优化,由实体定床与动床模型探讨了建桥对水动力的影响.数学模型选用2002年3月和11月实测水文测验资料对模型进行率定和验证.物理模型选取中值粒径为0.2 mm的塑料沙作为动床试验的模型沙,选用2002年11月实测水文测验资料对定床模型进行验证,选用2002年11月和2003年4月两次水下地形资料对动床模型进行河床冲淤验证,验证精度均满足相关规范要求.研究结果表明,以推荐的方案建桥对桥位近区的潮位、流速与潮量的影响均较小.建桥后,下游高潮位有所抬高,上游高潮位有所降低;上游低潮位有所抬高,下游低潮位略有降低.由于桥墩的阻水作用,使该桥所在海域海流流速整体上略有减小,减小量一般在5%以内;桥墩间因海流集中使流速有所增加.建桥使主航道航深有所增加,桥位近区与远区分别冲刷0.6～0.8 m和0.1～0.2 m;西航道桥轴线近区冲刷0.4～0.5 m,远区淤积0.1～0.2 m.建桥对甬江口、金塘锚地、七里屿锚地均无明显的不良影响,对北仑港区基本没有影响.     

On the large-scale variability of the circulation and heat state of the ocean and atmosphere in the North Atlantic

A conclusion about two extreme regimes existing in the large-scale circulation in the North Atlantic has been drawn based on an analysis of the inter-annual variability of the analogue to the Rossby index, as well as that of the heat and dynamic characteristics in separate areas of the north subtropical circulation. The former is defined by a high level of circulation both in the atmosphere and in the subtropical water circulation. In the current century this regime was realized mainly in the years pertaining to the middle and end of a 22-year solar activity cycle (a 22-year cycle). The relatively low level of atmospheric circulation and the slackened water mass transport are typical of the second regime. It dominated mainly during the years relevant to the beginning and second half of a 22-year solar activity cycle.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.