甘肃省沃尔给花岗岩体中黑云母的成分对其岩体碱度的响应及成岩成矿意义

矿床的形成与其成矿地质体的成因和岩石化学性质密切相关,因此有必要对岩体碱度与成矿关系进行深入研究。通过甘肃省沃尔给花岗岩体的采样测试,并对国内52个各类矿床中与成矿有关岩体中黑云母的主量元素化学成分进行统计和分析,进行寄主岩石碱度判别。研究结果显示：研究区与Cu、Au成矿有关的岩体位于高碱度区域内,而与Sn矿形成有关的岩体均属于低碱度岩石系列。岩浆熔体早期至岩浆后期热液阶段,氧逸度的变化由高到低,介质的碱度逐渐增强,Cu、Au矿床的形成大致经历上述的成岩成矿过程。岩浆结晶过程早期低氧逸度、高碱度有利于Sn的活化迁移,岩浆期后热液阶段的高氧逸度、低碱度有利于锡石的沉淀,但是由于锡石沉淀过程中不断消耗O2,致使其较高的氧逸度显著降低。认为碱度与氧逸度之间相互作用、相互影响进而引起矿化的发生。     

The morphology and chemistry of K-feldspar megacrysts from Ikizdere Pluton: evidence for acid and basic magma interactions in granitoid rocks, NE-Turkey

Ikizdere Pluton consists of granite, granodiorite, tonalite, monzonite, quartz monzonite containing pinkish colored K-feldspar megacrysts (KFMs). The crystal sizes of the KFMs range from 1 to 4 cm. The lath-shaped megacrysts are uniformly (i.e., randomly) distributed in the host plutonic rocks and have mafic and felsic inclusions whose crystal sizes are smaller than 1 mm. The crystal inclusions are biotite, slightly annitic in composition with X_Mg[=Fe_tot/(Fe_tot+Mg)]=0.50-0.58, amphibole (magnesio-hornblende, X_Mg[=Mg/(Mg+Fe_tot)]=0.70-0.79), iron-titanium oxide (low titanium magnetit and ilmenite), plagioclase (Ab₇₅₋₂₅An₆₅₋₃₅) and as minor quartz. The compositions of the KFMs range from Or₉₅Ab₅An₀ to Or₈₂Ab₁₇An₁. BaO contents of the megacrysts increase from core to rim. The mafic and felsic inclusions are compositionally similar those of the host rocks.The chemical and textural features of K-feldspar are typical for megacrysts that grew as phenocrysts in dynamic granitoidic magma systems. The overgrowth of KFMs and mafic magma injections (magma mixing) may be related to temperature, pressure and compositional fluctuations in the magma chamber. Remnant of earlier formed K-feldspar crystals remain in the felsic magma system, while the mafic injection can decompose some earlier precipitated KFMs. The remnant of K-feldspar remaining after mafic injection are overgrown by rapid diffusion of Ba, K and Na elements in liquid phase, during the later stages of crystallization of the host magma.     

Geochemistry and Origin of Megacrystic Granitoid Rocks from Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt

The Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt (EGGB) forms part of a continuous Precambrian metamorphic terrain in Gondwana. It is characterised by widespread development of an Archaean khondalite suite of metasedimentary rocks, Archaean to Late-Proterozoic charnockites and Late Proterozoic anorthositic, granitic and syenitic emplacements. A 1900 Ma megacrystic granitoid suite, containing varying proportions of charnockites and granites, forms an important and widely distributed litho-unit in the central khondalite and eastern migmatite zones of the EGGB. It contains metasedimentary enclaves, megacrystic K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase ovoids, biotite, garnet (porphyroblasts and coronas), apatite, zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, etc. Hypersthene is present in the charnockite phase. Monazite is present in some garnet-free granites. It is characterised by low Na₂O/K₂O ratios, high alumina saturation index, CaO, MgO, and ÝREE, negative correlation of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃^t, MgO, MnO, CaO, P₂O₅, Ba, Sr, Zr and V with SiO₂, positive correlation of K₂O, REE, Th and Rb with SiO₂, fractionated LREE, relatively flat HREE and negative Eu anomalies.The data suggest S-type nature of the suite. Fractionation of the granitic magma and local variations in pH₂O and fCO₂ caused the formation of megacrystic charnockites. Formation of the corona garnet is related to the reworking of the suite during late Proterozoic (ca. 1250 Ma) isothermal decompression associated with channelised CO₂-rich fluid flux along narrow shear zones.     

江西金鸡窝铜矿床花岗闪长斑岩黑云母矿物学特征及其对岩石成因与成矿的指示

通过对金鸡窝铜矿区花岗闪长斑岩进行详细的岩相学研究和黑云母成分的电子探针原位分析,厘定了黑云母形成的物理化学条件,并探讨了其成岩成矿意义。电子探针研究显示:花岗闪长斑岩中黑云母的Ti为0.44~0.47apfu,Mg/(Mg+Fe)比值范围为0.58~0.62,结合其化学成分在10 TiO_2-Fe O*-Mg O图解和Mg-(Fe2++Mn)-(AlⅥ+Fe3++Ti)图解中的投影,认为该岩体中黑云母具有富镁贫铁特征,属于原生黑云母。黑云母氧化系数(fO)范围为0.31~0.67,MF值范围为0.38~0.41,Mg O含量为13.27%~14.28%,K2O为3.59%~8.93%,Na2O为0.26%~3.28%,Fe O为15.74%~17.30%,TiO_2为3.93%~4.19%,Al2O3为13.52%~14.19%,单位分子中阳离子数AlⅣ为2.00~2.24 apfu,AlⅥ为0.15~0.41 apfu,指示其岩体属于高钾质钙碱性系列的同熔型(或I型)花岗岩,具有壳幔混源成因的特征。黑云母结晶温度为734~748℃,结晶压力为71~89 MPa,相当于深度2.7~3.3 km,平均深度为3.0 km。黑云母化学成分投点主要落在Fe2O3-Fe3O4缓冲线之上,表明其形成于高氧逸度环境,且有利于铜矿的形成。     

Intensive Variables in Kimberlite Magmas, Lac de Gras, Canada and Implications for Diamond Survival

Crystallization temperatures (T) and oxygen fugacities (fO₂)of kimberlite magma are estimated from oxides included in olivinephenocrysts from the Leslie, Aaron, Grizzly and Torrie kimberlitepipes in the central Slave Province, Canada. Crystallizationtemperatures recorded by olivine–chromite pairs at anassumed pressure of 1·0 GPa are 1030–1170°C± 50°C, with a mean of     

Chemical Mineralogy of Hornblendes and Biotites from the Charnockitic Rocks of Kondapalli, India

Complete chemical analyses, structural formulae and trace elementdata are presented for 9 hornblendes and 12 biotites from thecharnockitic and associated rock types of Kondapalli (AndhraPradesh, India), some 200 miles north of the type area nearMadras. The chemical characteristics of the hornblendes are:very high [Al]⁴, nearly constant Ca, very high and nearly constanttotal alkalis (Na₂O > K₂O in the hornblendes of ultrabasiccharnockites and Na₂O < K₂O in those of basic charnockites),very high F and Cl, low total water, and Ni in amount greaterthan Co. The biotites are characterized by high Ti and F, lowMn, total absence of Ca, exceptionally high amounts of Cl, lowtotal water, and have Ni > Co; the biotites from differentgroups of host rocks have different Al and Fe³+ contents. Thevariations in composition of these minerals are interpretedas due to the change in bulk rock chemistry and mineralogy andnot to the change in temperatures of crystallization. The element distributional relationships in hornblende-biotite,hornblende-orthopyroxene, hornblende-clinopyroxene, biotite-orthopyroxene,and biotite-clinopyroxene pairs from the Kondapalli charnockitesare evaluated, with particular attention to the partition ofFe²+, Mg, Mn, Ti, Cr, Ni, Co, and V, and comparisons are madewith similar data available for corresponding mineral pairs.Highly consistent and uniform distribution coefficients forFe²+ and Mg (and a small range of distribution coefficientsfor many of the trace elements) are obtained for most of thedifferent sets of mineral pairs from Kondapalli, suggestingthat equilibrium distribution of the elements between the phaseshad been attained.     

Subduction,ophiolite genesis and collision history of Tethys adjacent to the Eurasian continental margin: new evidence from the Eastern Pontides,Turkey

This paper presents several types of new information including U–Pb radiometric dating of ophiolitic rocks and an intrusive granite, micropalaeontological dating of siliceous and calcareous sedimentary rocks, together with sedimentological, petrographic and structural data. The new information is synthesised with existing results from the study area and adjacent regions (Central Pontides and Lesser Caucasus) to produce a new tectonic model for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic development of this key Tethyan suture zone.

The Tethyan suture zone in NE Turkey (Ankara–Erzincan–Kars suture zone) exemplifies stages in the subduction, suturing and post-collisional deformation of a Mesozoic ocean basin that existed between the Eurasian (Pontide) and Gondwanan (Tauride) continents. Ophiolitic rocks, both as intact and as dismembered sequences, together with an intrusive granite (tonalite), formed during the Early Jurassic in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting within the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan ocean. Basalts also occur as blocks and dismembered thrust sheets within Cretaceous accretionary melange. During the Early Jurassic, these basalts erupted in both a SSZ-type setting and in an intra-plate (seamount-type) setting. The volcanic-sedimentary melange accreted in an open-ocean setting in response to Cretaceous northward subduction beneath a backstop made up of Early Jurassic forearc ophiolitic crust. The Early Jurassic SSZ basalts in the melange were later detached from the overriding Early Jurassic ophiolitic crust.

Sedimentary melange (debris-flow deposits) locally includes ophiolitic extrusive rocks of boninitic composition that were metamorphosed under high-pressure low-temperature conditions. Slices of mainly Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks within the suture zone are interpreted as a deformed forearc basin that bordered the Eurasian active margin. The basin received a copious supply of sediments derived from Late Cretaceous arc volcanism together with input of ophiolitic detritus from accreted oceanic crust.

Accretionary melange was emplaced southwards onto the leading edge of the Tauride continent (Munzur Massif) during latest Cretaceous time. Accretionary melange was also emplaced northwards over the collapsed southern edge of the Eurasian continental margin (continental backstop) during the latest Cretaceous. Sedimentation persisted into the Early Eocene in more northerly areas of the Eurasian margin.

Collision of the Tauride and Eurasian continents took place progressively during latest Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene. The Jurassic SSZ ophiolites and the Cretaceous accretionary melange finally docked with the Eurasian margin. Coarse clastic sediments were shed from the uplifted Eurasian margin and infilled a narrow peripheral basin. Gravity flows accumulated in thrust-top piggyback basins above accretionary melange and dismembered ophiolites and also in a post-collisional peripheral basin above Eurasian crust. Thickening of the accretionary wedge triggered large-scale out-of-sequence thrusting and re-thrusting of continental margin and ophiolitic units. Collision culminated in detachment and northward thrusting on a regional scale.

Collisional deformation of the suture zone ended prior to the Mid-Eocene (~45?Ma) when the Eurasian margin was transgressed by non-marine and/or shallow-marine sediments. The foreland became volcanically active and subsided strongly during Mid-Eocene, possibly related to post-collisional slab rollback and/or delamination. The present structure and morphology of the suture zone was strongly influenced by several phases of mostly S-directed suture zone tightening (Late Eocene; pre-Pliocene), possible slab break-off and right-lateral strike-slip along the North Anatolian Transform Fault.

In the wider regional context, a double subduction zone model is preferred, in which northward subduction was active during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, both within the Tethyan ocean and bordering the Eurasian continental margin.     

河北矾山超镁铁岩 正长岩杂岩体中黑云母的特征及其成岩指示意义

河北矾山超镁铁岩一正长岩杂岩体侵位于华北克拉通北缘,为硅不饱和过钾质碱性岩,起源于受古亚洲洋俯冲物质改造过的富集岩石圈地幔。矾山杂岩体侵位于晚三叠世,是华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性岩带的代表性岩体之一。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)和激光等离子质谱仪(LA-ICPMS)获得了该特殊岩浆体系下黑云母的主量和微量元素组成,并讨论了其成岩指示意义。矾山杂岩体各类型岩石中的云母均为黑云母,Fe/(Fe+Mg)为0.32~0.57,∑Al为1.179~1.375。黑云母成分记录石榴石辉石正长岩结晶时体系氧逸度LogfO_2=-12.5~-15,温度为680~780℃。矾山杂岩体的黑云母具有极低的稀土元素含量(小于0.100×10~(-6)~1.077×10~(-6)),对全岩稀土元素配分型式基本上没有影响。在微量元素组成上,黑云母是元素Rb、Ba、Nb、Ta、V、Cr、co和Ni的主要载体,其Sr、Zr、Hf、Y、Sc、Th和U的含量明显低于全岩。黑云母成分反映矾山杂岩体岩浆体系以富Fe、高氧逸度为特征,这可能是该杂岩体发育具有经济价值铁矿床的原因之一。     

Mineralogy, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves in Cretaceous Dagbasi granitoids, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Evidence of magma mixing, mingling and chemical equilibration

Rocks of the Late Cretaceous Dagbasi Pluton (88-83 Ma), located in the eastern Pontides, include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) ranging from a few centimetres to metres in size, and from ellipsoidal to ovoid in shape. The MMEs are composed of gabbroic diorite, diorite and tonalite, whereas the felsic host rocks comprise mainly tonalite, granodiorite and monzogranite based on both mineralogical and chemical compositions. MMEs are characterized by a fine-grained, equigranular and hypidiomorphic texture. The common texture of felsic host rocks is equigranular and also reveals some special types of microscopic textures, e.g., oscillatory-zoned plagioclase, poikilitic K-feldspar, small lath-shaped plagioclase in large plagioclase, blade-shaped biotite, acicular apatite, spike zones in plagioclase and spongy-cellular plagioclase textures and rounded plagioclase megacrysts in MMEs. Compositions of plagioclases (An₃₃-An₆₀), hornblendes (Mg#=0.77-1.0) and biotites (Mg#=0.61-0.63) of MMEs are slightly distinct or similar to those of host rocks (An_12-57; hbl Mg#=0.63-1.0; Bi Mg#=0.50-0.69), which suggest partial to complete equilibration during mafic-felsic magma interactions.The felsic host rocks have SiO₂ between 60 and 76 wt% and display low to slightly medium-K tholeiitic to calc-alkaline and peraluminous to slightly metaluminous characteristics. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element (REE) patterns are fractionated (La_cn/Lu_cn=1.5-7.3) with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.46-1.1). Initial ε_Nd(i) values vary between −3.1 and 1.6, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values between 0.7056 and 0.7067.Compared with the host rocks, the MMEs are characterized by relatively high Mg-number of 22-52, low contents of SiO₂ (53-63 wt%), low ASI (0.7-1.1) and low to medium-K tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, metaluminous to peraluminous composition. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are relatively flat [(La/Yb)_cn=1.4-3.9; (Tb/Yb)_cn=0.9-1.5] and show small negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.63-1.01). Isotope signatures of these rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i)=0.7054-0.7055; ε_Nd(i)=-1.0 to 1.9) are largely similar to the host rocks. Gabbroic diorite enclaves have relatively low contents of SiO₂, ASI; high Mg#, CaO, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, P₂O₅, Sr and Nb concentrations compared to dioritic and tonalitic enclaves.The geochemical and isotopic similarities between the MMEs and their host rocks indicate that the enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas. All the geochemical data suggest that a basic magma derived from an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle, interacted with a crustal melt that originated from dehydration melting of the mafic lower crust at deep crustal levels. The existence of compositional and textural disequilibrium and the nature of chemical and isotopic variation in these rock types indicate that magma mixing/mingling between an evolved mafic and a granitic magma was involved in their genesis. Microgranular enclaves are thus interpreted to be globules of a more mafic magma probably from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Al-in-amphibole estimates the pluton emplacement at ca. 0.3-3.8 kbar, and therefore, magma mixing and mingling must have occurred at 3.8 kbar or below this level.     

新疆东天山卡拉塔格二叠纪火山岩成因及构造意义

新疆东天山中北部的卡拉塔格地区广泛出露一套二叠纪陆相火山熔岩,本次对其采集的玄武岩和英安岩进行岩相学、锆石U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf同位素和岩石地球化学分析。年代学研究获得2个英安岩样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为（267.5±1.5）Ma和（296.7±1.7）Ma,代表了英安岩的结晶年龄为早二叠世。岩石地球化学数据显示：玄武岩为碱性系列,具有高Al₂O₃质量分数和Na₂O/K₂O值,低TFeO、Cr质量分数和Mg^#值的特征;微量元素Yb标准化的Ta、La和Nb值指示该区玄武质岩浆起源于富集型地幔;低La/Ba值,（Th/Nb）_N>1,Nb/La<1,表明岩浆在上升过程中受到了地壳岩石圈物质的混染;样品w（Zr）>100×10^-6,Zr/Y>5,显示大陆板内玄武岩特征。英安岩为钙碱性系列,富硅铝,Rb、Ba、Th、U、Zr等元素质量分数较高,Ti、Nb、Ta、Sr、P等元素质量分数较低,明显不同于玄武岩元素分布特征,却与地壳元素分布相似;ε_Hf（t） 值（5.4~14.7）为正,表明英安岩源区为新生地壳;w（Rb）-w（Y+Nb）构造环境判别图解表明其形成于大陆伸展环境。结合前人的研究成果,认为卡拉塔格早二叠世火山岩形成于板内伸展环境,为天山石炭纪—二叠纪大火成岩省裂谷火山作用的组成部分,限定了该区古亚洲洋闭合于早二叠世之前。     

西秦岭早子沟金矿黑云母成分特征及成岩成矿指示意义

甘肃省夏河-合作矿集区是西秦岭造山带中重要的金矿富集区之一,早子沟金矿为其中最为著名的特大型矿床,矿区中酸性脉岩极为发育,与成矿具有密切联系。本次在早子沟金矿床野外调研的基础上,针对矿区主要脉岩中的黑云母进行了电子探针分析。结果表明,早子沟金矿中酸性脉岩中主要为岩浆黑云母,黑云母中FeO_t含量为19.71%~29.84%,MgO含量为9.54%~13.51%,兼有镁质、铁质黑云母的特点;黑云母的结晶温度为776.61~799.65℃,结晶压力为131~283 MPa,氧逸度lg f_O2为-14.85~-13.11,表现为高温、低压、较高氧逸度的特征。通过黑云母化学成分特征分析表明早子沟金矿脉岩属钙碱性花岗岩,为壳幔混源成因。早子沟金矿脉岩黑云母的这些矿物化学特征及其所指示的地质背景,揭示了早子沟脉岩代表的该套岩浆为形成大型热液矿床创造了有利条件。     

Geomorphic evidence for active tectonic deformation in the coastal part of Eastern Black Sea,Eastern Pontides,Turkey

The Eastern Pontides (EP), which is the under transpressional deformation zone, is an active mountain belt that has been rising rapidly since the Cenozoic era because of the Arabian-Eurasian convergence. Morphometric studies have been performed to investigate the tectonic activity of this region and better understand the characteristics of the faults geomorphologically; the faults control the mountain fronts in the drainage basin of the EP. The results show the Hypsometric Curve (HC)-Hypsometric Integral (0.37-HI-0.67), Basin-Shaped Analysis (1.2-B_s-7), Valley-Floor-Width to Height-Ratio (0.4-V_f-1.2) and Asymmetry Factor (35-AF-81) applied to 46 drainage basins together with 9 tectonically controlled geomorphic indices (1.2-S_mf-1.5) and a Stream Length Gradient (30-S_L-120) indicate that the EP is tectonically active, and when the areas are evaluated according to S_mf and V_f analyses, the tectonic level is relatively high. According to our conceptual model for the uplifting of the EP, with respect to field studies and morphometric analysis, (i) the EP is the active deformation zone and has a “push-up” geometry in conjunction with the North Anatolian Fault; (ii) the EP is progressively uplifting at a rate of more than 0.5 mm/yr in along with the thrust faults of the Black Sea Fault (BSF) and Borjomi-Kazbegi Fault (BKF).     

河南栾川南泥湖和上房沟花岗岩体黑云母成分特征及其成岩成矿意义

河南栾川南泥湖和上房沟花岗岩体与钼多金属成矿作用密切相关。本文用电子探针测试方法,分析了南泥湖岩体和上房沟岩体中黑云母的成分特征。结果表明,2个岩体中黑云母均具有高硅、富镁、低铝和贫铁的特征,属镁质黑云母。2个岩体的结晶温度分别为730~830℃和750~860℃,氧逸度(logfO2)分别为-8.5~-7.0和-8.0~-6.5,结晶压力和深度分别为72~120MPa、54~127MPa和2.62~4.37km、1.97~4.63km,有利于南泥湖-三道庄和上房沟超大型钼矿床的形成,地球化学特征显示2个岩体均属壳幔混源的Ⅰ型花岗岩,属深源中浅成花岗岩。     

Geology,U-Pb geochronology,and stable isotope geochemistry of the Tunca semi-massive sulfide mineralization,Black Sea region,NE Turkey: Implications for ore genesis

Upper Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Eastern Pontide orogenic belt, NE Turkey, are host to significant VMS mineralization, including near Tunca. The initial stages of felsic volcanism within the mineralized area are marked by the eruption of dacitic lavas and breccias of the Kızılkaya Formation. This was accompanied by the emplacement of domelike hematitic dacites. Autobrecciated and volcaniclastic rocks, both in situ and resedimented, were likely generated from extrusive portions of these dacite bodies. Basaltic volcanism is marked by the eruption of the lava flows and pillow lavas of the Çağlayan Formation. Hiatuses in basaltic activity are marked by thin horizons of volcaniclastics and mudstones. The uppermost felsic volcanic units were accompanied by resedimentation of autoclastic facies from previous volcanism and represent the latest phase of Upper Cretaceous volcanism in the area. The semi-massive sulfide mineralization is associated with a late stage of the initial felsic volcanism. U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon dating of a dacitic tuff breccia yielded an age of 88.1 ± 1.2 Ma (Coniacian-Upper Cretaceous), which is interpreted to be the age of the sulfide occurrences.A concentric zoned alteration pattern is observed in the footwall rocks. The alteration pattern is considered to have formed by lateral migration of hydrothermal fluids which had ascended along the discharge conduit. Fluid inclusion data indicate precipitation or mobilization processes within a relatively narrow temperature range of 152–255 °C (avg. 200 °C). The low-salinity fluids in the fluid inclusions, less than 5.9 wt% NaCl equivalent, are consistent with typical modified seawater-dominant hydrothermal vent fluids. Sulfur isotope analysis of the Tunca sulfides yields a narrow range of 1.5–4.1 per mil. These δ³⁴S values are also typical of many VMS deposits. Most of the recorded δ¹⁸O values (+7.1 to +14.0 per mil) are greater than 9 per mil. The most intensely hydrothermally altered rocks tend to have lower δ¹⁸O values relative to the less altered rocks. Collectively, the geologic relationships, mineralization style, and the lack of seafloor ore facies suggest that mineralization is principally of sub-seafloor origin. The most geologically reasonable interpretation of the genesis of the Tunca mineralization is the continuous interaction between the host rocks and seawater-derived fluids, without significant involvement of a magmatic fluid.     

滇西姚安金矿床正长斑岩角闪石、黑云母化学特征及其地质意义

姚安金矿床位于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中段,大地构造位置处于扬子板块西缘与三江特提斯构造域结合部位,其成矿与新生代富碱斑岩密切相关.前人研究都集中在富矿岩体的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征,对贫矿岩体研究甚少.文章以姚安矿区贫矿正长斑岩为研究对象,在岩相学基础上对姚安正长斑岩中的角闪石,黑云母进行了电子探针分析,计算了矿物结晶的温压条件、氧逸度和含水量等要素,并与其他地区富矿岩体与贫矿岩体进行了对比,讨论了富矿岩体与贫矿岩体在矿物化学尺度上的差异性.姚安贫矿正长斑岩角闪石富MgO(11.82％～12.93％)、CaO(11.25％～11.58％)、K2O(1.09％～1.37％)、Na2O(1.99％～2.21％),属于镁闪石;计算得出角闪石结晶温度为822.47～850.69℃,压力112.69～151.21 MPa;侵位深度为3.72～5.44 km.黑云母为岩浆成因且富镁,w(MgO)为14.36％～18.01％,Fe2+/(Mg+Fe2+)比值0.23～0.34,属于镁质黑云母.黑云母结晶温度为719.69～738.78℃;压力51.15～178.35 MPa;侵位深度1.69～5.89 km.通过角闪石成分计算岩浆氧逸度变化介于ΔNNO+0.20到ΔNNO+0.91,略高于Ni-NiO出溶线.根据角闪石化学成分计算出岩浆含水量介于2.54％～3.02％.大型-超大型斑岩Cu矿多金属矿与高氧逸度、富水的浅侵位中酸性岩浆密切相关,对比姚安富矿岩体和成矿带上马厂菁、北衙的富矿岩体,姚安贫矿岩体与六合贫矿岩体相似,具有低氧逸度,较深的侵位深度的特点.低氧逸度致使金属元素早期以硫化物形式沉淀,无法随岩浆运移,较深的侵位深度使得流体难以出溶成矿.以上特征是其不成矿的关键因素.     

黑云母地球化学特征对武山铜矿和竹溪岭钨矿成矿岩浆体系差异的指示

黑云母化学成分差异可反映出岩浆岩的性质(全岩铝饱和指数、I/S型花岗岩)、氧逸度、挥发分特征并指示岩浆源区。为了探究不同岩浆体系的性质对成矿差异性的影响,本文选择与长江中下游成矿带的武山铜矿和江南造山带的竹溪岭钨(钼)矿相关的花岗闪长斑岩中的黑云母作为研究对象,对其开展了岩相学、主量元素和原位微量元素分析。结果表明,两地黑云母均富镁贫铁,竹溪岭岩体中的黑云母相对富集Li、Nb等不相容元素,而武山岩体的黑云母富集Ni、V等相容元素。基于黑云母地球化学特征建立了成岩体系与成矿体系的联系:武山铜矿与黑云母相平衡的岩浆体系具有高Cl、高氧逸度特征,有利于Cu富集成矿;而竹溪岭钨(钼)矿的岩浆体系具高F、低氧逸度特征,有利于W富集成矿。     

A slab detachment and delamination model for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: The Köse composite pluton

The Hercynian Köse composite pluton (KCP) is located in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey, and consists of two units of high-K calc-alkaline, primarily peraluminous granites: (i) the internal body, and (ii) the external body. The internal body, which was emplaced at 322–318 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages on biotite and hornblende, respectively), displays a wide compositional range (49–71 wt.% SiO₂) and contains several lithologies: hybrid equigranular rocks, microgranular magmatic enclaves, mafic dikes, porphyry dikes and mylonites. The external body, which was emplaced at 306.7 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age on K-feldspar), consists exclusively of monzogranite (> 71 wt.% SiO₂). Field relationships, mineralogy, major- and trace element geochemistry, and initial Sr–Nd isotope values (I_Sr = 0.70821 to 0.71002, e_Nd(t) = ?6.6 to ?8.0) show that the internal body was differentiated and evolved by crystal fractionation and magma mixing processes. The end-members of the mixing process were a mafic rock and a felsic rock. Mafic magma was derived from a relatively deep-seated (25–30 km) crustal storage reservoir, not directly from the mantle, and underwent significant differentiation by fractional crystallization and crustal contamination before mixing. In addition, these magma storages probably supplied the additional heat necessary to initiate crustal melting. Some of the additional heat may have also been released by the radiogenic decay of heat producing elements. Eventually, the existing felsic magma from the melting of K-bearing meta-greywackes was raised to its emplacement level at a depth of ~ 10–16 km. After partial crystallization, it was sporadically intruded by modified mafic magma from the deeper crustal reservoir to generate hybrid rocks. The hybrid rocks were then elevated to a shallower depth by normal faults during the collapse of the orogen and erosion. Mylonites that were later overprinted by pseudotachylites are typically constrained to the internal body and are regarded as markers of this event. The external body is characterized by a significantly less radiogenic and limited range of Sr–Nd isotope values (I_Sr = 0.70639 to 0. 70792, e_Nd(t) = ?4.4 to ?6.5) than those of the internal body and a lack of rocks documenting the open system differentiation processes. Fractional crystallization is the exclusive process responsible for the elemental range within the body. The rocks also contain less biotite relative to those of the internal body. All these involve less K-bearing mid-crustal rocks (orthogneisses) in their source, which was probably located at depths near the lower crust. The absence of purely lower crustal-derived melts can be explained by the removal of this type of material during the formation of the parental melt. This melt later ascended to its emplacement level at a depth of around ~ 5–10 km and cut the hybrid rocks of the internal body and regional metamorphic rocks that had been raised previously due to ongoing erosion. The melt that injected into the cracks of the internal body crystallized into porphyries because there was not enough time for the entire crystallization of magma. The data presented here indicate that late Early Carboniferous and Late Carboniferous magmatism occurred in a collisional setting. Slab detachment and subsequent delamination seem to be the most plausible mechanisms for the generation of the Hercynian high-K calc-alkaline magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey.     

Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides,NE Turkey: insights into magma genesis and magma-tectonic evolution from whole-rock geochemistry,geochronology and isotope systematics

ABSTRACT

The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt in NE Turkey hosts numerous I-type plutons of Eocene epoch. Here, we report new U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages and in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotopes along with bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotope data from the Kemerlikda??, Ayd?ntepe and Pelitli plutons and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) to constrain their parental melt source(s) and evolutionary processes. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating yielded crystallization ages between 45 and 44 Ma for the studied plutons and their MMEs. The plutons range from gabbro to granite and have I-type, medium to high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous characteristics. On the primitive mantle-normalized multi-trace-element variations, the plutons and their MMEs are characterized by signi?cant enrichment in LILE/HFSE. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the plutons and their MMEs are close to each other and show moderate enrichment with variable negative Eu anomalies. The studied plutons have fairly homogeneous isotope composition (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.70502 to 0.70560; εNd_(i) = +0.9 to – 1.4; δ¹⁸O = +5.0 to +8.7‰, εHf_(i) = – 2.2 to +13.5). The MMEs show medium to high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous character. Although the isotope signatures of the MMEs (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.70508 to 0.70542; εNd_(i) = +0.9 to ?1.1; δ¹⁸O = +5.8 to +8.0, εHf_(i) = +4.3 to +10.4) are very similar to those of the host rocks. Fractionation of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides played an important role in the evolution of the plutons. The isotopic composition of the studied plutons and MMEs are similar to I-type plutons derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. The parental magma(s) of the studied plutons were generated from the enriched lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation, and lesser assimilation and mixing/mingling in the crustal magma chambers.     

新疆包古图中酸性岩浆侵位的P-T-fO2条件及岩体地球化学研究

西准噶尔包古图地区I号、II号、V号和VII号岩体(花岗闪长斑岩和白岗岩)侵位于下石炭统火山-沉积地层中。侵入岩分为新鲜花岗闪长斑岩、绢云母-绿泥石化花岗闪长斑岩和硅化花岗闪长斑岩三种,三类岩石具有相似的重稀土组成,而轻稀土的分异程度依次增强。与新鲜样品相比,蚀变花岗闪长斑岩的Rb、Th、U和Nb、Zr、Hf等元素明显富集,而Sr和Ti含量略低。花岗闪长斑岩具有较低的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.703634～0.703760)和较高的初始143Nd/144Nd比值(0.512575～0.512660),指示亏损地幔源区。包古图I号、II号花岗闪长斑岩结晶于中温(695～766℃)、低压(1.1～2.9kbr)条件下,具有较高的氧逸度(LogfO2=-15～-17),岩石形成之后经历了一个氧逸度升高的演化过程。绢云母-绿泥石化和硅化过程中成矿元素Cu的含量明显升高,说明了流体作用对成矿的控制意义。