东海黑潮温度锋分布特征研究

采用WOA13气候态季节温度数据,利用绝对梯度法对东海黑潮不同水深海洋锋的季节变化特征进行了分析,得出结论：东海黑潮温度锋具有显著的季节变化特征,它的范围和强度存在多个大值区,不同季节,温度锋的大值区存在于不同深度。在200 m以浅海域,按照冬季、春季、夏季的季节顺序,温度锋的大值区由表层逐渐增加到100 m层处;在200 m以深海域温度锋的大值区没有季节变化,大值区大约出现在400 m层附近。     

地形对东海黑潮锋面弯曲影响研究

作者运用简化的η坐标 POM模式数值研究了地形对东海黑潮锋面弯曲的产生与成长的影响。平底时 ,小扰动迅速发展导致锋面出现大弯曲。考虑到地形因素和黑潮流核远离陆架的情况 ,因其锋区正处在陡的陆坡之上 ,斜压不稳定被减小 ,其锋面不会出现如观测所示的弯曲。结果表明 ,在该实验条件下 ,地形对锋面起到稳定作用     

东海黑潮温度锋的三维结构特征分析

结合卫星遥感海表温度、三维再分析温度资料和数值模拟结果,研究了东海黑潮温度锋从海表到底层的三维结构特征.结果 表明:东海黑潮海表温度锋在冬季和春季较强,秋季次之,夏季消失.多年平均的东海黑潮海表温度锋区范围主要在70～700m水深区域,温度锋的中心线与黑潮的流轴大致平行,在济州岛以南的黑潮中段区域有北上的分支.受台湾暖...     

春季东海黑潮锋影响强对流的个例分析

利用卫星观测和再分析资料,研究了2018年4月30日东海黑潮海面温度锋(黑潮锋)影响低云突破边界层发展为对流云团,并导致强降水的过程。结果表明：(1)29日12时东海500 hPa上受短波槽控制,低空处于高低压之间的偏南气流中;黑潮锋大气边界层稳定,有利于低云发展。(2)黑潮锋的暖水侧向大气不断输送热量和水汽,稳定性减弱;而冷水侧对大气的冷却作用显著,大气稳定性增加。(3)经过约12 h的调整,黑潮锋通过垂直混合机制强迫表层风速发生变化,在黑潮锋上空形成风速辐合,叠加背景辐合场,导致辐合明显增强。(4)受平流效应影响,黑潮锋上空大气增湿增温,抬升凝结高度降低。(5)潜热释放与低空辐合之间形成正反馈,最终导致对流云团发展,降水强度显著增强。     

典型东海黑潮锋环境下的声场分布异常分析

东海黑潮锋作为中国近海的一类特殊海洋学现象,对水声传播产生的复杂影响已受到关注,但对其影响机制的认识还较为欠缺.应用BELLHOP水声学数值模型分析了典型东海黑潮锋环境下的声场特性,结果表明:穿过锋面时声线干涉伴随的声能强弱空间分布出现明显偏移,同时波导中泄漏的声能对锋面非均匀环境引起的传播损失进行了补偿,使波导区域之外的声能变化小于5dB(声波频率为1 kHz).相比之下,从外海暖水混合层向近海传播时表面声道的瓦解可使传播损失突然增大10 ～ 15 dB(声波频率为1 kHz).东海黑潮锋环境下的声场能量异常分布体现了海底地形和水文环境的共同影响,地形条件对声场样式起支配性作用,而锋面引起的非均匀水文环境则是使声能空间分布出现异常变化的关键调制性因素.     

利用诺阿卫星红外信息对东海黑潮表层温度锋的解译

我国开始接收高分辨力的气象卫星图象以来，作者曾对东海及其毗邻海区的卫片进行了分析与研究。现选用了具有季节性代表与有关季节的连续性图象，并对其进行处理、甄别、数理分析与佐证。获得了东海黑潮逐年典型月份表层温度锋解译图与表层温度场模式数据。     

黑潮入侵东海陆架途径及其影响研究进展

基于中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)"热带西太平洋海洋系统物质能量交换及其影响"的项目二"黑潮及其变异对中国近海生态系统的影响"的航次调查资料、历史资料和数值模拟结果,对黑潮入侵东海的途径、机理和影响研究取得了重要进展,主要认识和成果如下。在长江口邻近海域的赤潮高发区,多学科研究结果证实存在黑潮入侵东海陆架近岸的底部分支,该分支是黑潮影响近海生态过程的主要途径。进一步的研究发现该底部分支存在季节变化:通常情况下,在春季开始出现,在夏季7月份达到最强,可以入侵到近岸50m等深线位置,向北可到达30.5°N附近,然后在秋、冬季其入侵主轴位置逐渐远离岸线向外海偏移,不会入侵到50m等深线以西的近岸区域,该底部分支出现和赤潮发生具有一定的同步性。数值模拟和观测结果表明黑潮入侵底部分支还存在年际变化。基于地球动力学理论,提出了地形β-spiral理论,并为模拟结果和观测资料所验证,该理论可以很好的解释为什么黑潮入侵分支会存在,并且该理论预测出凡是黑潮路径与等深线不平行的地方都会发生入侵流的垂向偏转,底层流的方向和地形梯度的角度决定了入侵主要发生在底层还是表层,且该理论在世界大洋具有普适性。此外,研究还表明,黑潮入侵底部分支可以把具有高磷酸盐、高盐、溶解氧含量相对较低等特征的黑潮次表层水及热带藻种等物质输送到长江口邻近海域,从而对东海陆架生态系统产生重要影响。     

初论东海黑潮锋的区域性差异

本文基于历史资料(1934～1988)和近期中、日黑潮合作调查结果分析指出,东海黑潮锋在其三维结构和季节变化等方面皆存在较明显的区域性差异.初步研究表明,地形效应是导致上述差异的主导因素.同时,季风和海面冷却在产生东海黑潮锋的区域性差异中亦起着重要的作用.     

基于CTD数据的东海黑潮锋特征研究

基于东海PN断面多年CTD实测资料,主要从PN断面上的温盐结构和声场结构两个方面进行研究,统计分析PN断面上东海黑潮边界锋的水文要素特征。文章利用Matlab软件对资料中所涉及的温盐数据绘制等值线图,描绘出PN断面上关于测站位置、温盐分布特点,利用Mackenzie公式计算声速分布及其变化,从而构成温、盐、声三种要素的断面分布图。此外还进一步分析了PN断面温盐断面结构,得到黑潮锋的分布与强度特征。并对黑潮锋的季节变化规律进行分析,得出夏秋季节黑潮在PN断面上的海洋锋强度相对于冬春季节要大、冬季最弱等结论。     

潮汐对东海陆架边缘处水交换的影响

为探讨潮汐对东海陆架边缘处水交换通量的影响,本文基于ROMS海洋数值模式,对渤海、黄海、东海的潮汐、环流进行了模拟研究。研究结果显示,在水平方向上,潮汐效应主要影响我国台湾岛东北及日本九州西南的水交换,其中在台湾岛东北区域,潮汐效应通过增加黑潮分支流(KBC)的向岸及离岸速度来加强黑潮水的跨陆架交换。潮汐效应对200 m等深线处跨等深线流速的影响量值约为3～5 cm/s。从垂直方向上来看,潮汐效应能够影响到深度200m处水层的深层交换。进一步研究其作用机制,发现潮汐效应主要通过平流输送项来影响水体交换,而其对水体的水平及垂直扩散项的影响较小。     

Intrusion of Kuroshio water onto the continental shelf of the East China Sea

As a fundamental study to evaluate the contribution of the Kuroshio to primary production in the East China Sea (ECS), we investigated the seasonal pattern of the intrusion from the Kuroshio onto the continental shelf of the ECS and the behavior of the intruded Kuroshio water, using the RIAM Ocean Model (RIAMOM). The total intruded volume transport across the 200m isobath line was evaluated as 2.74 Sv in winter and 2.47 Sv in summer, while the intruded transport below 80m was estimated to be 1.32 Sv in winter and 1.64 Sv in summer. Passive tracer experiments revealed that the main intrusion from the Kuroshio to the shelf area of the ECS, shallower than 80m, takes place through the lower layer northeast of Taiwan in summer, with a volume transport of 0.19 Sv. Comparative studies show several components affecting the intrusion of the Kuroshio across the 200 m isobath line. The Kuroshio water intruded less onto the shelf compared with a case without consideration of tide-induced bottom friction, especially northeast of Taiwan. The variations of the transport from the Taiwan Strait and the east of Taiwan have considerable effects on the intrusion of the Kuroshio onto the shelf.     

Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshiowater in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.     

Role of Kuroshio frontal eddy in exchange between shelf water and Kuroshio water in East China Sea

Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf, intrusion of the shelf mixed waterinto the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic, chemical and biological observations. Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water. The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×10~6 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×10~6 m3/s. Along the whole shelf edge, the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×10~6 m3/s. The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy. Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×10~5 t/a.     

东海黑潮温盐与中国东部气温和降水的相互关系

采用东海黑湖主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料,研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系。结果表明,在过去50年内,东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势,而上层盐度略呈下降趋势。东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切,呈现出大面积显著的正相关,这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关。夏季,长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海,导致黑潮上层水盐度下降,此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关。     

Intrusion of less saline shelf water into the Kuroshio subsurface layer in the East China Sea

The possible origin and cause of the less saline shelf water detected in the Kuroshio subsurface layer around the shelf edge of the East China Sea are investigated using observational results obtained in May 1998–2001 in conjunction with a dataset archived by Japan Oceanographic Data Center and a numerical model. The observations show that subsurface intrusions of less saline water are always detected in May in layers above 24.5σθ isopycnal surface, and that salinity inversions (i.e., areas in which the less saline water lies beneath the saline water) are detected around the trough of the Kuroshio frontal eddy (or wave). Analyses of the archived dataset reveal that the isopycnal surface of 24.5σθ is the deepest layer of the Kuroshio pycnocline outcropping to the sea surface on the shallow shelf in early spring. Outcropping isopycnals above 24.5σθ encounter a less saline water plume originating from the Changjiang, especially in the western East China Sea. Thereafter, the less saline water moves along isopycnal layers and reaches the Kuroshio front around the shelf edge. Numerical models demonstrate that, when the frontal wave captures the less saline water, the shelf water takes the form of a salinity inversion in the trough because isohalines in the frontal wave have a phase lag between the upper and lower layers in consequence of the baroclinic instability.     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1992

INTRODUCTIONMostofpreviousstudiesshowthatthedynamicmethodswereoftenusedtocomputethevelocityandVToftheKuroshiointheEastChinaSea(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993).Duringrecentyearsdifferentkindsofinversemethodshavebeentriedby*ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49776287.1.Secondinstituteofoceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,ChinaYuanetul(1988,1991,1992a,1992b,1993,1994,1995).Theircalculatedresultsshowt…     

东海陆架前缘斜坡北部的滑塌带

从1994年对东海陆架前缘斜坡北部实测的8条浅地层记录中,我们发现这些测线上都有滑塌构造,并形成了一条平行于陆架转折线的滑塌带,滑塌带呈NNE向展布,平均宽约7.5km,它们是沉积物流从陆坡上部向下移动的证据。     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1995

INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyresearchworksabbottheKUrOShioVTanditSSeaSOnalvacationintheEastChinaho(GUan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;TangandTaShiro,1993;SunandKaneko,1993;Yuanetal.,1990;Yuanetal.,1993;Yuanetal.,1994;Yuanetal.,1995;LiuandYuan,1997a,b).~previou...     

1992年东海黑潮的变异

基于1992年4个航次的水文调查资料,运用改进逆方法计算了东海黑潮的流速、流量和热通量．计算结果表明：（1）PN断面黑潮在春季和秋季都有两个流核,冬季和夏季则只有一个流核．主核心皆位于坡折处．Vmax值春季最大,冬季和夏季次之,而秋季最小．黑潮以东及以下都存在逆流．（2）TK断面黑潮在冬季为两核,春、夏季为3核．海峡南端及海峡深处存在西向逆流．（3）通过A断面的对马暖流Vmax值在秋季最大,冬季最小．黄海暖流位于其西侧,相对较弱．（4）通过PN断面净北向流量夏季最大,秋季最小,而冬、春季介于上述二者之间,1992年四季平均值为28．0×106m3/s;TK断面的净东向流量也是在夏季最大;A断面净北向流量则在秋季最大．（5）PN断面4个航次的平均热通量为2．03×1015W．TK断面3个航次的平均热通量为2．00×1015W．（6）在计算海区,冬、春和秋季都是由海洋向大气放热;夏季则从大气吸热．冬季海面上热交换率最大,而夏季热交换率最小．关键词##4东海;;黑潮;;季节变化