2008年春季东海近海浮游植物群落

根据2008年春季对东海产卵场及邻近水域的33个大面站位的调查,对春季东海产卵场及邻近水域的浮游植物群落进行了研究。通过Utermhl方法对调查区样品的初步分析,共鉴定浮游植物4门66属155种(不包括未定名种),硅藻占主要优势,甲藻在物种组成上也占有重要的地位。浮游植物生态类型主要以温带近岸种为主,少数为暖水种和大洋种,主要的优势种为具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costa-tum)、锥状斯比藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)。调查区浮游植物的细胞丰度介于0.311~22 273.15×103cell/L,平均为266.36×103cell/L。在表层水体,浮游植物细胞丰度由近岸向外海逐渐降低,在长江口门附近存在高值区,杭州湾南部存在另一个次高值区;在垂直方向上,细胞丰度随着深度的增加而降低,高值存在表层。调查水域表层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数的分布基本一致,在调查区域长江口门附近和杭州湾南部的多样性水平较低。     

2010年秋季南海北部浮游植物群落结构研究

2010年10月26日-11月24日在南海北部进行了浮游植物群落结构的调查,共鉴定浮游植物4门70属204种(包括未定种12种),浮游植物以硅藻为主,其物种数为146种,其细胞丰度占总浮游植物细胞丰度的93.17%;甲藻次之,其物种数为51种,占总浮游植物细胞丰度的0.63%;金藻门3属4种及蓝藻门2属3种;蓝藻门中以红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)为主。调查区浮游植物的细胞丰度介于0.06×103~107.50×103 cells/L之间,平均值为5.00×103 cells/L。海南岛东北部和粤东近岸表层浮游植物丰度较高。垂直分布上,表层和25 m层的浮游植物细胞丰度较高。浮游植物主要优势种类有菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、舟形藻(Navicula spp.)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、斯氏几内亚藻(Guinardia stolterforthii)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)等。调查区表层和5 m层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值分别为3.14和2.83,Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为0.73和0.77;两种指数在表层和5 m层均表现出较高的一致性。环境分析表明除硅酸盐外,浮游植物细胞丰度与其他环境因子均呈极显著性的相关性,主要受到氮元素及磷酸盐的共同限制作用。     

2001年冬季渤海的浮游植物群落结构特征

研究了2001年冬季覆盖渤海56个测站的浮游植物物种及其群落特征。共发现浮游植物3门37属72种(不包括未定名物种)。物种主要以温带近岸型硅藻为主，优势种主要尖刺伪菱形藻、浮动弯角藻、偏心圆筛藻、具槽帕拉藻(Parnlia sulcata)和环纹劳德藻。其中的尖刺伪菱形藻、偏心圆筛藻和具槽帕拉藻是冬季渤海浮游植物的关键种。分析认为：细胞丰度的平面分布由浮游硅藻的分布所决定。同1983年同期资料相比发现，优势种没有较大变化，但其优势程度顺序和细胞丰度发生了一定的改变，整个浮游植物群落的细胞丰度有大幅度增加。冬季渤海浮游植物群落的多样性程度是低的。     

2005年夏季福建罗源湾浮游植物群落结构特征

研究了2005年夏季罗源湾13个大面站(包括3个连续站)浮游植物的群落结构特征。共检出浮游植物3门43属77种,平均细胞丰度为1633.91×104/m3,其中硅藻在物种数量和细胞丰度上占绝对优势。主要优势种为中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens、丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus和菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides,其中中肋骨条藻是罗源湾浮游植物的关键种。调查区浮游植物表层细胞丰度的平面分布呈现南高北低的趋势,浮游植物的垂直分布呈现从表层到底层逐渐减少的趋势。表层浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数的分布显示罗源湾北部浮游植物群落结构更均匀稳定。     

春季东海产卵场及其邻近海域的浮游植物群落

根据2007年5月在东海产卵场及其邻近海域(26°50′～34°07′N,120°50′～123°59′E)进行的多学科综合调查,研究了该海域浮游植物群落的结构特征.经Uterm(o)hl方法分析,共发现浮游植物4门55属144种,其主要类群为硅藻和甲藻,优势物种为柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)、具齿原甲藻(Prorocendrum dentatum=东海原甲藻Prorocentrum donghaiense)和中肋骨条藻(Sletonema costatum).浮游植物的细胞丰度介于0.1×103～1158.6×103个/L,平均值为78.9×103个/L;细胞丰度在表层较高,随水深增加而降低;表层的高值主要分布在长江口至南麂列岛的成淡水交汇处以及象山外海域.调查区浮游植物群落的多样性总体水平较低,Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou指数均与细胞丰度呈镶嵌分布,细胞丰度较高的区域多样性水平较低.     

2006年6月长江口低氧区及邻近水域浮游植物

根据2006年6月2-11日在长江12低氧区及邻近水域(26°-34°N,121°-126°E)27个站位的调查,对长江口低氧区及邻近水域的浮游植物群落结构特征进行了相关研究.经Utermohl方法初步分析,共发现浮游植物130种,隶属4门57属.甲藻和硅藻是2006年6月长江口低氧区及邻近水域的主要浮游植物门类,其优势物种是:具齿原甲藻Prorocentrum dentatum(=Prorocentrum donghaiense)、米氏凯伦藻Karenia mikimotoi、尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens、柔弱伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima、锥状施克里普藻Scrippsiella trochoidea和具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata.调查区浮游植物物种以广温、广布型为主.本次调查海域浮游植物的细胞丰度介于0.0026×105-37.37×105个/dm3.平均值为1.47×105个/dm3;甲藻占浮游植物细胞丰度的比例最大,细胞丰度介于0.0002×105-32.01×105个/dm3,平均值为1.39×105个/dm3;其次为硅藻,细胞丰度介于0.0001×105-18.72×105个/dm3,平均值为0.52×105个/dm3.具齿原甲藻和米氏凯伦藻所占丰度比例分别达到45.81%和26.44%,优势度分别为0.30和0.18.具齿原甲藻细胞丰度最高值出现在调查海域北部3号站-20m水层,为3.19×106个/dm3;米氏凯伦藻细胞丰度最高值出现在调查海域西南部29号站表层,为1.71×106个/dm3.浮游植物细胞丰度在水体中的垂直分布为表层最大,随着水深增加而逐渐降低.根据浮游植物的表层分布和断面分布可以发现,细胞丰度高值主要集中在调查区的西南部和北部.东南部浮游植物细胞丰度较低.同时调查海域东南部浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数较高,近岸低氧区和中部区域则较低.调查区水体层化现象明显,表层水和底层水之间氧的交换变弱,有机碎屑和浮游植物大量繁殖后沉降分解可能导致了底层低氧区的形成.     

北黄海典型水域春夏季浮游植物的昼夜变化

根据黄海西北部2006年夏季3个连续站和2007年春季1个连续站垂直分层拖网的调查资料,研究了黄海西北部典型海区浮游植物的昼夜垂直变化.夏季共检出浮游植物79种,主要优势种为旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus、梭角藻Ceratium fusus、三角角藻Ceratium tripos和具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata;春季检出51种,主要优势种为浮动弯角藻Eucampia zodiacus、具槽帕拉藻和尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens.夏季L01站受潮汐的影响各水层低潮期浮游植物细胞丰度高于高潮期,垂直分布趋势为表层细胞丰度最高,底层最低.而由于底栖硅藻的细胞再悬浮作用夏季L02、L03站和春季L02站底层细胞丰度高于表层,但各水层细胞丰度的昼夜变化相对较平缓.     

汕头韩江榕江河口近岸海域浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系

以2020年11月(秋季)和2021年4月(春季)汕头韩江榕江河口近岸海域浮游植物群落为研究对象,分析其群落种类组成、丰度分布、多样性变化趋势,探讨群落组成及其变化及与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春季共发现浮游植物2门100种,多属于硅藻类群;浮游植物丰度春季变化范围为169.23×10³～654.00×10³ cells/m³,均值为388.01×10³ cells/m³;春季优势种类较多(10种),包括洛氏角毛藻、尖刺拟菱形藻、窄隙角毛藻等。秋季共发现浮游植物4门89种,也以硅藻种类为主,浮游植物丰度秋季变化范围为33.89×10³～2 244.00×10³ cells/m³,均值为248.88×10³ cells/m³;秋季优势种相对较少(6种),中肋骨条藻、菱形海线藻、具槽帕拉藻等。春季浮游植物丰度和物种数较秋季高,优势种季节变化明显。通过冗余分析(RDA)后得出...     

洋山港浮游植物群落特征研究

洋山港是上海航运的枢纽港,2009年1月～12月对洋山港浮游植物群落进行了生态学研究,共鉴定浮游植物5门58属112种,含赤潮藻类5门21属34种,群落结构组成以硅藻为主。其中优势种由具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、具翼漂流藻(Planktoniella blanda)、辐射圆筛藻(Cosci-nodiscus radiatus)、格氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus granii)、条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)、扭曲小环藻(Cyclotella comta)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschiapungens)以及短柄曲壳藻(Achnanthes brevipes)等构成。浮游植物细胞丰度变化范围是(6.15×104～1.39×104)ind/L,全年平均值为3.32×104ind/L,11月细胞丰度达到最高值,其次为3月,呈现双峰型的周年变化规律。硅藻在全年的浮游植物细胞丰度组成中始终占据绝对优势地位。相关性分析发现,浮游植物细胞丰度、温度和溶解氧两两间呈现出极显著相关性(P<0.01),其中仅细胞丰度与溶解氧之间呈现正相关(r>0),其余两两间为负相关关系(r<0)。     

2011年夏季北黄海浮游植物群落

2011年6月21日至24日在北黄海海域(36°00′~40°00′N,121°00′~125°00′E)30个站位应用Uterm(o|¨)hl方法进行了浮游植物群落的分析。共发现浮游植物27种,隶属3门23属,其中硅藻门15属17种,占所发现物种数的63.9%;甲藻门6属8种,占所发现物种数的30.6%;金藻门2属。优势物种为:微小原甲藻[Prorocentrum minimum(Pavillard)Schiller]、具槽帕拉藻[Paralia sulcata(Ehrenberg)Cleve]、圆筛藻[Coscinodiscus spp.]、直唐氏藻[Donkinia recta(Donkin)Grunow]、渐尖鳍藻[Dinophysis acuminata ClaparedeLachmann]和曲舟藻[Pleurosigma spp.]。浮游植物的表层细胞丰度为0.19×10~3~1885.67×10~3s/L,平均值为77×10~3s/L;甲藻细胞丰度为0.04×10~3~1882.15×10~3s/L,平均值为72.08×10~3s/L;硅藻细胞丰度为0.04×10~3~43.82×10~3s/L,平均值为5.11×10~3s/L。表层分布看,夏季表层浮游植物细胞高值区主要集中在渤海海峡、山东半岛和辽东半岛近岸区域,中部海域较低,优势种以具槽帕拉藻和圆筛藻为主。垂直方向上,浮游植物细胞丰度主要集中在中上层水体;断面分布上,B-F断面硅藻细胞丰度的高值区多出现于冷水团区域,主要由具槽帕拉藻贡献,甲藻细胞丰度的高值区在中上层水体,由微小原甲藻贡献。表层浮游植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.03~2.94,平均值为1.57;均匀度Pielou指数为0.01~0.91,平均值为0.67。总体来看,渤海海峡和辽东半岛南岸的浮游植物物种多样性较高。典范对应分析(CCA)显示,具槽帕拉藻、圆筛藻、舟形藻、曲舟藻、太平洋海链藻[Thalassiosira pacifica Gran et Angst]、斯氏几内亚藻[Guinardia striata(Stolterfoth)Hasle]细胞丰度与营养盐条件呈现正相关。     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

夏季珠江口沉积物中营养盐剖面分布和界面交换通量

通过对夏季珠江口区域沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面分析,调查了营养盐含量分布和特征,探讨了有机物的降解特性、营养盐的底部通量估算和作用.结果表明,珠江口沉积物间隙水中营养盐以高含量铵盐为主要的存在形式,沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在厌氧状态下进行,底部水体铵盐的增加来源于底部沉积物有机质的降解释放,而且对水体的营养盐循环有较大的贡献.     

Recent advances in marine technology in Canada

Much of the recent Canadian activity in marine technology has focused on development of capabilities in Arctic waters, and on the update and replacement of naval vessels. This paper describes some of the significant projects and programs now under way, and suggests future research and development requirements.     

一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展

对一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展进行了归纳,总结了一氧化氮对浮游植物生长的影响,探讨了浮游植物中一氧化氮的产生机制,并对今后的研究重点提出展望。     

Challenges in cross-sectoral marine protection in Europe

Marine environment protection in Europe faces a number of challenges. One is the coordination of relevant sectoral policies — such as agricultural and fisheries policies — with regard to marine protection objectives. The question in the following is on how marine protection issues can be more closely integrated in sectoral policies under the conditions prevailing at present. In particular the strength and weaknesses of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the key instrument for marine environment protection in Europe are analyzed in this context. In particular, the MSFD does not adequately address all sectors and policies which are relevant to marine environment protection. One possible means of giving the MSFD greater influences on other policies of relevance to marine waters is to integrate the objectives established under the MSFD in the European maritime policy. The aim should be to require the further development of sectoral policies to take unrestricted account of the objectives of the MSFD implementation process. But also other instruments of marine policy such as maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas are crucial to advance the protection of European seas.     

Seasonality in nutrient concentrations in Galveston Bay

In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (K_d) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate.