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1.
东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
根据所获得的高分辨率地震资料分析,发现冲绳海槽南部西侧槽坡附近以及海槽内部发育有一系列泥火山(底辟)构造,在地形上表现为泥火山地貌,在穿过泥火山的地震剖面上,表现出典型的泥底辟构造。对穿过泥底辟构造的DMS01-5地震剖面进一步的处理和解释发现,泥底辟构造顶部存在明显的似海底反射(BSR),其与海底反射波组极性相反,在BSR之上存在振幅空白带,在速度谱上出现速度异常,指示存在与泥火山有关的天然气水合物。从世界广泛发现的与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物来看,天然气水合物既可以在泥底辟构造的丘状外围成藏,也可以在其外围的海底沉积物中产出。在泥底辟构造的丘状外围附近,天然气水合物的形成机制类似于传统的矿物低温热液的形成;在泥底辟构造外围海底沉积物中,其形成过程类似于传统的矿物交代形成机制。冲绳海槽泥底辟构造的发育与很高的沉积速率和槽坡的活动断层有关。在冰期期间,长江携带大量的陆源物质直接输送到大陆坡地区,沉积速率达300 m/Ma,产生异常高压,同时张性断层极为发育,为流体的迁移提供了良好的通道,在异常压力以及上覆地层压力作用下大量流体向上运移,从而发育大量的泥底辟构造。富含甲烷的流体易在其外围及外围海底沉积物中形成天然气水合物藏。 相似文献
2.
东海陆坡及邻近槽底天然气水合物成藏条件分析及前景 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在西太平洋边缘海中,东海是唯一没有获得天然气水合物样品的边缘海。利用已有的地震资料、海底温度资料等,从沉积物来源、沉积地层厚度、烃源岩条件、沉积速率、海底温度—压力条件等方面对东海水合物成藏条件进行了分析。认为冲绳海槽沉积物源丰富,沉积厚度大,且发育烃源岩地层。冲绳海槽较高的沉积速率主要分布于冲绳海槽槽底沉积中心,以及西部陆坡连接海底峡谷底部的三角洲区域。根据冲绳海槽实测的海底温度数据,整个冲绳海槽地区600m以深的范围都能够满足水合物发育的温度、压力条件。以温度梯度为30℃/km计算,冲绳海槽中水合物稳定域的最大厚度为650m。冲绳海槽盆地中普遍发育的底辟构造、背斜构造等局部构造,以及网格状断裂系统,为烃类气流体的向上及侧向运移创造了有利条件,成为天然气水合物发育的有利区带。根据已经发现的BSR特征来看,东海地区天然气水合物前景广阔。 相似文献
3.
硫酸根甲烷界面(SMI)是识别海洋沉积物中天然气水合物赋存(甲烷通量)的一个重要生物地球化学标志.通过对南海北部陆坡东沙海域37个站位浅表层沉积物中孔隙水的SO42-和H2S含量变化和沉积物顶空气甲烷含量的变化等地球化学特性进行分析,研究南海北部东沙海域硫酸根甲烷界面(SMI)的分布情况,通过硫酸根变化梯度估算甲烷通量.研究结果显示,东沙海域存在南部深水区"海洋四号"沉积体和北部浅水区九龙甲烷礁两个水合物有利区域,SMI埋深普遍较浅,指示较高的甲烷通量(3.8×10-3~5.9×10-3 mmol/(cm2·a)),与国际上已发现天然气水合物区的地球化学特征相类似.这种高甲烷通量很可能是由下伏的天然气水合物所引起的,暗示着该区海底之下可能有天然气水合物层赋存. 相似文献
4.
海上气态烃快速测试与西沙海槽天然气水合物资源勘查 总被引:15,自引:6,他引:15
西沙海槽具有适合天然气水合物形成和赋存的地形地貌及地质条件 ,是中国海洋天然气水合物资源勘查的远景区。为配合中国首次天然气水合物资源的调查研究 ,在该区进行了海底表层沉积物甲烷、乙烷等气态烃快速现场测试。研究发现 ,海底沉积物随着埋深的增加气态烃含量具有增高的趋势 ;最佳取样深度应在埋深 1~ 4m处 ;海底沉积物甲烷高含量异常区域主要分布在B33周围、A0 9—A11周围、B17—A0 2周围和B0 1—B0 3周围等区域。西沙海槽北部陆坡比槽底及南部斜坡具有更好的甲烷异常显示。该研究成果为以后该区天然气水合物资源的重点勘查提供了科学依据 相似文献
5.
南海西沙海槽S14站位的地球化学异常特征及其意义 总被引:22,自引:6,他引:16
西沙海槽具备良好的天然气水合物的形成条件,并已发现与其有关的地球物理标志--模拟海底反射层(BSR)。通过对西沙海槽S14大型活塞站位的孔隙水和沉积物样品进行化学组分、酸解烃和热释光等方面的分析测试,结果发现在海底之下4~5 m区间存在着较明显的高盐高烃异常,其中酸解烃中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷含量及其热释光值均有所增高,孔隙水中的绝大部分离子及其盐度也存在着明显的升高,这一高盐高烃异常可能是下部与天然气水合物有关的孔隙流体沿着断层向上迁移所致。这些地球化学异常以及模拟海底反射层等地球物理标志显示该站位之下可能存在天然气水合物。 相似文献
6.
7.
冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘天然气水合物存在的可能性分析 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
海洋中的天然气水合物主要发育在有机质供应充分、沉积速率快、热流值较高、水深大于300m的大陆斜坡和活动边缘的增生楔发育区;沉积物类型主要以泥质砂岩、砂质泥岩和浊积岩为主。似海底反射层(BSR)和极性反转是识别天然气水合物层的关键标志。冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘水深大于1000m;沉积物类型主要为粉砂质泥和泥质粉砂,在部分层位见浊积层。与东海陆架相比,西陆坡下缘的有机质含量、沉积速率的热流值都较高,其范围分别为0.75%~1.25%、10~40cm/ka和70~437mw/m2;单道地震剖面具有明显的似海底反射层(BSR)和极性反转特征,因此,推断冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘可能存在天然气水合物层。 相似文献
8.
《地球化学》2017,(3)
天然气水合物是一种具有广阔前景的清洁能源资源,但目前对海洋天然气水合物预测方法有多种,利用浅层沉积物孔隙水地球化学示踪沉积层深部天然气水合物的方法,可以为海域天然气水合物前期普查提供一个廉价有效的途径。利用南海北部东沙海域D-5、D-8和D-F站位沉积物孔隙水硫酸根离子、溶解无机碳、钙离子和镁离子在剖面上的分布特征,模拟了3个站位甲烷供给通量及天然气水合物可能的发育特征。计算结果表明,D-5、D-8和D-F站位到达甲烷-硫酸根氧化界面的甲烷通量分别为11.97×10~(–3) mol/(m~2·a)、5.98×10~(–3) mol/(m~2·a)和26.45×10~(–3) mol/(m~2·a),天然气水合物形成的最大温度梯度分别为0.058℃/m、0.020℃/m和0.149℃/m,计算的天然气水合物顶界深度分别为海底之下170~197 m、378~386 m和79~98 m,甲烷通量对天然气水合物顶界影响大,温度对天然气水合物发育顶界影响较小。结合研究区似海底反射层发育特征判断,D-5和D-F站位深部沉积层中可能有天然气水合物,D-8站位应该没有天然气水合物发育。 相似文献
9.
西沙海槽研究区天然气水合物地球化学勘探及成藏模式研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
依据ODP204航次1250C站位钻井样品酸解烃数据结果,以及作者在南海西沙海槽研究区天然气水合物地球化学现场勘查中得到的多种烃类指标数据、异常点上微量甲烷碳同位素数值等资料,对海洋水合物地球化学勘探的依据和研究区气态烃异常特征、气体成因、天然气水合物成藏模式等相关问题进行了研究探讨。结果表明:气态烃指标地球化学异常主要分布在工区北部斜坡地带,并与BSR等地震标志及深部断裂关系密切;西沙海槽研究区海底沉积物气态烃甲烷以热解成因为主,但也有混合成因;推测该区天然气水合物为断层渗滤综合成藏模式。研究成果比较合理地解释了BSR分布和海底沉积物甲烷局部异常并非完全一致的原因;评价预测了该区天然气水合物有利勘探目标。成果为该区天然气水合物勘探、天然气水合物成因机制研究和天然气水合物远景预测,提供了地球化学方面的证据。 相似文献
10.
中国近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温异常探讨 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:11
在大量风云静止气象卫星热红外观测资料的基础上,对比总结了中国近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温异常的特征,分析了热红外亮温异常与海底常规油气及天然气水合物藏之间的关系,探讨了中国近海海域卫星热红外增温异常的机制,指出了中国近海海域天然气水合物的可能赋存区。根据地球排气理论及卫星热红外亮温增温异常与海底烃类聚集体、油气盆地或潜在天然气水合物藏、断裂构造、地震活动等之间的关系,中国近海临震前卫星热红外增温异常的原因可能与临震前地球排气作用导致的油气渗漏和(或)海底天然气水合物分解后扩散有关。中国近海海域的西沙海槽、东沙群岛岛坡、笔架南盆地、北吕宋海槽、南沙海槽、冲绳海槽中南部至西南部等是天然气水合物的可能赋存区。 相似文献
11.
N. A. Nikolaeva A. N. Derkachev A. I. Obzhirov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2009,3(3):234-248
This paper summarizes the results of combined studies in the areas of the occurrence of gas-fluid emanations in the water column, on the seafloor, and in the upper part of the sedimentary section on the northeastern slope of Sakhalin Island (Sea of Okhotsk). The phenomena typical of methane seeps were characterized in detail: the presence of acoustic anomalies, high concentrations of methane in the water and sediments, and the specific features of the sedimentary section (the textural and structural features, the character of the mineral inclusions and gas hydrates, and the chemical composition). The component composition of the gases (including the accompanying gas hydrates), which is almost free of heavy hydrocarbon homologues of methane; the light carbon isotopic compositions of the methane and carbonate concretions; and the low temperatures of the near-bottom water and sediments suggest that the occurrence of numerous methane emanations is related to gas generation in the upper part of the sedimentary sequence. No evidence was found for the existence of a deep center of gas formation within the seafloor area considered. Typical submarine mud volcanic edifices were also not found. 相似文献
12.
南海陆坡中新世以来沉积物特性与气体水合物分布初探 总被引:27,自引:12,他引:15
通过对南海陆坡地区中新世以来沉积物的一些属性和特征的研究,获得了下面的初步认识:(1)南海陆坡有几个沉积速率较高的地区, 如东沙一带、西沙海槽、中建南地区,以及南沙西南部和西北部(曾母、万安盆地);(2)大洋钻探钻井资料的研究表明,中新世与早上新世为高碳酸盐比值的低速堆积期,而近200万a以来为低碳酸盐比值的高速堆积期,上新世晚期至全新世沉积物以粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土为最主要成分;(3)南海不同时期的沉积速率不同,全新世为沉积速率最高的时期,其次为更新世;上新世和中新世为沉积速率较低的时期。南海利于气体水合物存藏的沉积可能为全新世和更新世的沉积;(4)对南海晚第四纪以来沉积物的综合研究表明南海陆坡的A区(东沙附近)、B区(西沙海槽)、D区(南海西部、越南以东)等地区可能利于气体水合物的形成和分布;而E区(南沙西南部)、F区(南沙中上部)和G区(南沙海槽)则是气体水合物调查值得关注的地区。 相似文献
13.
南海沉积物中烃类气体(酸解烃)特征及其成因与来源 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
烃类气体是形成天然气和天然气水合物的物质基础,可通过顶空气、吸附烃和酸解烃等方法来探测。南海473个站位767件沉积物样品的酸解烃分析结果表明,甲烷含量为0.8~22153.6μl/kg,平均为335.8μl/kg,并可分成台西南—东沙、笔架南、琼东南—西沙海槽、中建南—中业北、万安—南薇西和南沙海槽等6大异常区,其中南沙海槽是异常最强烈的地区,台西南盆地次之。154件甲烷样品的碳同位素分析结果表明,其δ13C1值为-101.7‰~-24.4‰(PDB标准,下同),平均为-44.5‰,其中南沙海槽的δ13C1值明显偏低,为-101.7‰~-71.4‰,应是微生物气或是以微生物气为主的混合气,而南海其他地区的δ13C1值相对较高,为-51.0‰~-24.4‰,明显属于热解气。 相似文献
14.
Gas hydrate systems at Hydrate Ridge offshore Oregon inferred from molecular and isotopic properties of hydrate-bound and void gases 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alexei V. Milkov George E. Claypool Roger Sassen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(4):1007-1026
We report and discuss molecular and isotopic properties of hydrate-bound gases from 55 samples and void gases from 494 samples collected during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 at Hydrate Ridge offshore Oregon. Gas hydrates appear to crystallize in sediments from two end-member gas sources (deep allochthonous and in situ) as mixtures of different proportions. In an area of high gas flux at the Southern Summit of the ridge (Sites 1248-1250), shallow (0-40 m below the seafloor [mbsf]) gas hydrates are composed of mainly allochthonous mixed microbial and thermogenic methane and a small portion of thermogenic C2+ gases, which migrated vertically and laterally from as deep as 2- to 2.5-km depths. In contrast, deep (50-105 mbsf) gas hydrates at the Southern Summit (Sites 1248 and 1250) and on the flanks of the ridge (Sites 1244-1247) crystallize mainly from microbial methane and ethane generated dominantly in situ. A small contribution of allochthonous gas may also be present at sites where geologic and tectonic settings favor focused vertical gas migration from greater depth (e.g., Sites 1244 and 1245). Non-hydrocarbon gases such as CO2 and H2S are not abundant in sampled hydrates. The new gas geochemical data are inconsistent with earlier models suggesting that seafloor gas hydrates at Hydrate Ridge formed from gas derived from decomposition of deeper and older gas hydrates. Gas hydrate formation at the Southern Summit is explained by a model in which gas migrated from deep sediments, and perhaps was trapped by a gas hydrate seal at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Free gas migrated into the GHSZ when the overpressure in gas column exceeded sealing capacity of overlaying sediments, and precipitated as gas hydrate mainly within shallow sediments. The mushroom-like 3D shape of gas hydrate accumulation at the summit is possibly defined by the gas diffusion aureole surrounding the main migration conduit, the decrease of gas solubility in shallow sediment, and refocusing of gas by carbonate and gas hydrate seals near the seafloor to the crest of the local anticline structure. 相似文献
15.
Oceanic gas hydrates have been measured near the seafloor for the first time using a seagoing Raman spectrometer at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon, where extensive layers of hydrates have been found to occur near the seafloor. All of the hydrates analyzed were liberated from the upper meter of the sediment column near active gas venting sites in water depths of 770-780 m. Hydrate properties, such as structure and composition, were measured with significantly less disturbance to the sample than would be realized with core recovery. The natural hydrates measured were sI, with methane as the predominant guest component, and minor/trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide present in three of the twelve samples measured. Methane large-to-small cage occupancy ratios of the hydrates varied from 1.01 to 1.30, in good agreement with measurements of laboratory synthesized and recovered natural hydrates. Although the samples visually appeared to be solid, varying quantities of free methane gas were detected, indicating the possible presence of occluded gas in a hydrate bubble fabric. 相似文献
16.
The Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area is located in the central Baiyun sag, Zhu Ⅱ depression, Pearl River Mouth basin, northern South China Sea. The gas compositions contained in the hydrate-bearing zones is dominated by methane with content up to 99.89% and 99.91%. The carbon isotope of the methane (δ13C1 ) are 56.7‰ and 60.9‰, and its hydrogen isotope (δD) are 199‰ and 180‰, respectively, indicating the methane from the microbial reduction of CO2 . Based on the data of measured seafloor temperature and geothermal gradient, the gas formed hydrate reservoirs are from depths 24-1699 m below the seafloor, and main gas-generation zone is present at the depth interval of 416-1165 m. Gas-bearing zones include the Hanjiang Formation, Yuehai Formation, Wanshan Formation and Quaternary sediments. We infer that the microbial gas migrated laterally or vertically along faults (especially interlayer faults), slump structures, small-scale diapiric structures, regional sand beds and sedimentary boundaries to the hydrate stability zone, and formed natural gas hydrates in the upper Yuehai Formation and lower Wanshan Formation, probably with contribution of a little thermogenic gas from the deep sedments during this process. 相似文献
17.
南沙海槽东南缘深水逆冲推覆构造 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
位于我国南海南部南沙海槽东南缘深水逆冲推覆构造系统记录着古南海俯冲与消亡及南海扩张的演化史,为现今仍在活动的构造系统。本文综合阐述了深水逆冲推覆构造的几何学和运动学特征、形成时代和形成过程,并结合区域地质背景探讨其动力学机制,建立构造演化模式。研究结果表明,基于几何学特征差异该构造系统在平面上可划分为南段和北段,垂向上分为上部逆冲推覆构造体系和下部逆冲推覆构造体系。受控于动力学机制,北段褶皱构造变形强度明显大于南段,体现在相邻逆冲褶皱排列间距明显小于南段。综合区域地质背景分析认为:下部逆冲推覆构造体系变形机制为晚白垩世—早中新世古南海俯冲消亡于婆罗洲之下的地壳缩短作用,而上部逆冲推覆构造体系变形机制为中中新世以来三角洲推进的重力滑脱作用与苏禄海盆扩张的地壳缩短作用的叠加结果。 相似文献
18.
In order to understand the characteristics of magnetic variability and their possible implication for sub-sea methane venting,magnetic susceptibility (MS) of 145 surface sediment samples from the southern South China Sea (SCS) was investigated.Magnetic particles extracted from 20 representative samples were also examined for their mineral,chemical compositions and micromorphology.Results indicate that MS values range between -7.73×10-8 and 45.06x10-8 m3/kg.The high MS zones occur at some hydrecarbon-bearing basins and along main tectonic zones,and low ones are distributed mainly within the river delta or along continental shelves.Iron concretions and manganese concretions are not main contributors for high MS values in sediments,while authigenic iron sulphide minerals are possibly responsible for the MS enhancement.This phenomenon is suspected to be produced by the reducing environment where the high upward venting methane beneath the seafloor reacts with seawater sulfate,resulting in seep precipitation of highly susceptible intermediate mineral pyrrhotite,greigite and paramagnetic pyrite.It suggests that MS variability is possibly one of the geochemical indicators for mapping sub-sea zones of methane venting in the southern SCS. 相似文献
19.
南海北部陆坡坳隆断裂带中水合物赋存的温压场环境 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
天然气水合物的发育和赋存明显受构造条件控制,一些活动和非活动大陆边缘的特殊构造单元,如增生楔、泥火山、泥底辟、海底滑塌体均有利于水合物的发育和赋存。南海北部陆坡天然气水合物调查研究表明:南海北部陆坡的坳隆断裂带是有利于天然气水合物发育和赋存的重要构造之一。选择穿过坳隆断裂带的地震剖面A,根据南海北部陆坡海水深度和海底温度的关系曲线,计算了沉积物的温度;并在拟合沉积物深度与体密度关系曲线的基础上,计算了沉积物中的净岩压力,进一步探讨了测线A的温压场环境。结果表明:坳隆断裂带中存在连续变化的温压场环境,当气体在其中运移时,总能遇到有利的温压场环境,从而形成天然气水合物;另一方面,坳隆断裂带中也不是处处均有利于水合物的发育和赋存,需要进行具体的温压条件分析,从而对水合物稳定域进行准确定位。 相似文献