溪洛渡电站左岸谷肩堆积体（IV区）稳定性评价

在研究了溪洛渡水电站左岸谷肩堆积体物质组成和结构的基础上,结合施工过程中的变形监测信息,对目前变形明显的IV区边坡应用失稳模式进行了分析。我们选取了两条具代表性的剖面,采用极限平衡方法,在天然和地震两种工况下对边坡的稳定性系数进行了计算,然后以计算结果为依据对其稳定性进行评价。结果显示:自然坡体在两种计算工况下皆处于稳定状态,并具有较高的安全储备,开挖后坡体仍然具有一定的稳定性,但从满足工程边坡安全度的要求出发,对边坡进行及时支护是必要的。     

溪洛渡电站左岸谷肩堆积体(Ⅳ区)稳定性评价

在研究了溪洛渡水电站左岸谷肩堆积体物质组成和结构的基础上,结合施工过程中的变形监测信息,对目前变形明显的Ⅳ区边坡应用失稳模式进行了分析.我们选取了两条具代表性的剖面,采用极限平衡方法,在天然和地震两种工况下对边坡的稳定性系数进行了计算,然后以计算结果为依据对其稳定性进行评价.结果显示:自然坡体在两种计算工况下皆处于稳定状态,并具有较高的安全储备,开挖后坡体仍然具有一定的稳定性,但从满足工程边坡安全度的要求出发,对边坡进行及时支护是必要的.     

云南鲁甸溶蚀堆积体滑坡研究——以龙头山镇葫芦桥滑坡为例

中国西南山区的可溶岩地区侵蚀、溶蚀谷地的溶蚀堆积体斜坡坡面露头看似完整,内部实则松散、透水且易滑。云南鲁甸县龙头山葫芦桥滑坡属于典型溶蚀堆积体滑坡,通过对其水文地质条件、工程地质条件和降雨等影响因素的分析,认为持续降雨和地震是该滑坡灾害发生的主要诱发因素。在取样测得岩土层物理力学参数的基础上,采用Geo-Slope软件进行稳定性分析。计算结果表明,该滑坡在天然状态下处于较稳定状态,稳定性系数为1.287;降雨、地震、降雨+地震三种工况下稳定性系数均小于1,处于不稳定状态。计算结果与该滑坡实际滑动状况相符,可为同类型滑坡的调查研究提供实例借鉴。     

大渡河干海子滑坡稳定性研究

干海子滑坡位于大渡河流域,规模巨大。为研究该滑坡的稳定性,在对滑坡基本特征及变形破坏特征等深入研究的基础上,采用极限平衡法（Geo-slope软件）和有限差分法（FLAC-3D软件）对该滑坡的稳定性和应力应变特征进行了计算、模拟。稳定性计算模拟主要从深层、浅层及局部稳定三方面入手分析,计算模拟结果与滑坡的宏观地质现象均具有较高的吻合度。通过对该滑坡定性与定量的稳定性分析,判断其浅层滑体在暴雨工况下将处于极限平衡状态,而深层滑体在地震工况下依旧处于基本稳定状态,所得结论为下一步滑坡防治工作提供了翔实的依据。     

天水市水眼寨滑坡特征及稳定性分析

在对天水市水眼寨滑坡进行地质勘察和现场调查的基础上,结合区域环境研究滑坡的主要特征,分析地形条件、地层岩性、地质构造、地震、降水和人类活动对滑坡的影响,并利用GeoStudio计算软件,运用多种稳定性评价方法对滑坡静力和不同地震强度作用下的动力稳定性进行计算分析。结果表明,水眼寨滑坡属于黄土—泥岩滑坡,经过多期滑动,滑坡物质和滑坡体具有显著地平面分区性和剖面分层性,地层岩性和地质构造运动是其形成的主要内因,降水和地震是影响其稳定性重要外因。滑坡目前处于稳定状态,但未来环境变化会导致该滑坡稳定性降低,在Ⅶ度地震作用影响下该滑坡处于极限平衡状态,在Ⅶ度强以上地震作用影响下（＞0.15 g）,该滑坡稳定性大为降低,存在复活的可能性。     

大型高位堆积体滑坡稳定性分析与数值模拟

青藏高原边缘地带堆积体滑坡的发生与地质构造、强降雨、地震等作用密切相关,其中多数属于大型高位堆积体滑坡。为研究其发生机理与稳定性,以舟曲县江顶崖大型高位堆积体滑坡为研究对象,首先,从滑坡所处的地理位置、地质条件等出发,分析滑坡的概况与成因;其次,基于传统传递系数法划分滑坡计算模型,提出滑坡稳定性分析的变坡法;最后,采用Midas GTS NX软件对江顶崖滑坡自然工况下稳定性进行数值模拟分析,并与传统及改进算法结果进行对比。研究结果表明：(1)研究区的地形坡度、地层岩性条件以及活动断裂、历史强震作用是滑坡发生的内因,外因是连续强降雨作用使岩土体力学强度降低以及暴雨导致滑坡前缘的白龙江水位上涨、流速加快,冲刷坡脚导致前缘失稳,滑坡中后缘发生牵引式滑动;(2)运用传递系数法计算折线形滑坡稳定性时,滑面倾角变化值大于10°会导致结果出现较大误差,应用改进的“等分均匀变坡法”可以减小误差,以江顶崖滑坡为计算实例并结合数值模拟验证该方法的有效性;(3)自然工况下模拟发现,滑体的前缘主要表现为水平滑移,滑体的中后部局部主要表现为垂直下沉,而滑坡前缘则主要表现为隆起,因此,滑坡部分区域出现了较大的位移...     

大底盘多塔楼连体砌体结构房屋弹塑性地震反应分析

在楼板分区刚性假定的基础上,以弹性变形梁模拟空中连廊的变形,建立了时程分析的复合刚片系振动模型,引入了砌体的滞回特性,该模型可用于复杂体型砌体结构房屋弹塑性地震反应时程分析,文末对大度盘双塔楼带连廊砌体结构房屋的地震反应作了计算和讨论。     

双向地震作用下崩塌堆积体边坡动力模糊可靠性分析

考虑崩塌堆积体边坡岩土体参数随机性和模糊性,以及地震力双向性,建立一种边坡地震动力模糊可靠度计算方法,针对竖向地震力对崩塌堆积体边坡稳定可靠性的影响进行进一步研究。首先,选用动力有限元时程分析法计算出双向地震工况下崩塌堆积体边坡的响应特征,并运用模糊理论对强度参数进行模糊性处理;然后,根据Mohr-Coulumb强度准则构建边坡安全系数与可靠度的时程计算模型;最后,采用边坡地震可靠性评价新方法,通过MATLAB编写相应程序,实现计算和分析结果的快速输出。案例结果表明:新方法计算结果更加合理,对工程而言也更加安全;竖向地震作用均对崩塌堆积体边坡整体可靠性存在影响,但影响程度需根据工程实际情况进行分析。在算例工况下,竖向地震对崩塌堆积体边坡的可靠性影响很小,仅使得可靠度降低3.55%,因此,可仅考虑水平地震的影响。     

循环荷载下堆积体残余变形特性

通过大型动三轴试验研究堆积体在不同应力水平、不同循环荷载幅值下残余应变与振次的关系,同时进行不同初始条件下残余应变的对比。试验发现堆积体在循环荷载下的残余应变与lg(1+N)有较好的线性关系(N≤30),沈珠江经验公式适用于堆积体在循环荷载下累积残余应变的计算。初始条件对堆积体的残余应变有重要影响,饱和不排水条件下残余剪应变最大,饱和排水条件次之,风干排气条件最小。应用沈珠江残余应变公式进行堆积体循环荷载下残余变形计算时应选取与工程实际条件相匹配的参数。     

立式储罐动力反应谱分析

采用有限元方法对工程上常用的储罐进行了有限元分析。给出了相应的建模方法和有限元分析方法,结果与理论计算值进行了比较,证明该模型和采用的求解方法是可靠的。在此基础上进行了模态响应分析及动力反应谱分析,得出了储罐内力及变形值,与规范计算结果进行了比较。为今后储罐的工程设计提供了可靠的参考依据。     

Talus slope geomorphology investigated at multiple time scales from high-resolution topographic surveys and historical aerial photographs (Sanetsch Pass,Switzerland)

Talus slopes are common places for debris storage in high-mountain environments and form an important step in the alpine sediment cascade. To understand slope instabilities and sediment transfers, detailed investigations of talus slope geomorphology are needed. Therefore, this study presents a detailed analysis of a talus slope on Col du Sanetsch (Swiss Alps), which is investigated at multiple time scales using high-resolution topographic (HRT) surveys and historical aerial photographs. HRT surveys were collected during three consecutive summers (2017–2019), using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. To date, very few studies exist that use HRT methods on talus slopes, especially to the extent of our study area (2 km²). Data acquisition from ground control and in situ field observations is challenging on a talus slope due to the steep terrain (30–37°) and high surface roughness. This results in a poor spatial distribution of ground control points (GCPs), causing unwanted deformation of up to 2 m in the gathered UAV-derived HRT data. The co-alignment of UAV imagery from different survey dates improved this deformation significantly, as validated by the TLS data. Sediment transfer is dominated by small-scale but widespread snow push processes. Pre-existing debris flow channels are prone to erosion and redeposition of material within the channel. A debris flow event of high magnitude occurred in the summer of 2019, as a result of several convective thunderstorms. While low-magnitude (<5,000 m³) debris flow events are frequent throughout the historical record with a return period of 10–20 years, this 2019 event exceeded all historical debris flow events since 1946 in both extent and volume. Future climate predictions show an increase of such intense precipitation events in the region, potentially altering the frequency of debris flows in the study area and changing the dominant geomorphic process which are active on such talus slopes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamics of grains falling on a sloping granular medium: application to the evolution of a talus

Numerous field surveys have provided quantitative information on the characteristics of talus deposits. Much less has been done to quantify the basic dynamics processes of blocks involved in talus evolution. In this work, we perform a set of experiments at the reduced scale of some metres using an inclined board covered with a loose granular medium. The complexity of the processes forming a talus is simplified by studying the interaction of only two kinds of grain sizes at a time. Grains of one class size are dropped from a fixed height onto the board covered by a layer of grains of a different class size, and their final distribution is recorded. We find that when small grains fall on large grains, the granular abundance decreases rapidly as a function of the distance from the fall point, which is explained by the effect of multiple bouncing on the irregular surface. In contrast, large grains falling on a bed of smaller grains lose much more energy at impact. They may stop at once, or roll down slope, often reaching the whole board length; as a consequence, their abundance peaks in the fall zone and at the change of slope. Experiments also show that grains travel longer with increasing fall height and sloping angle. The results clarify in a physical manner one mechanism that might explain why large blocks are typically found in the distal part of a talus slope, while smaller blocks remain near the fall zone. Based on these and previous experiments, a schematic view of talus evolution is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下采煤情况下地表黄土边坡稳定性分析

针对近年来我国西北黄土地区地下采煤诱发地表变形,从而导致地表黄土边坡失稳及滑坡问题,使用显式有限元、动力学大变形计算方法以及土动力学基本理论进行分析研究,并提出一种适用于地下动态扰动对地表边坡稳定性影响的分析方法。通过计算分析得知,地下采煤对地表边坡稳定性的影响是一个动态的过程,所提方法具有较高的计算效率,且能够分析边坡的渐进破坏过程。     

InSAR技术在监测形变中的干涉条件分析

针对InSAR技术在形变监测领域中的应用,本文从分析D-InSAR的干涉机理对其约束条件出发,重点研究空间去相关和形变梯度这两个关键指标对形变信息提取的影响.研究针对不同系统参数的传感器来展开,并论证这两个因素对干涉测量的限制.本文的创新性工作主要集中在以下几个方面: (1)分析了各传感器参数下的临界坡度范围,进而确立了SAR传感器监测的无信息区域;(2)证明了在植被覆盖区,相干性分解必须考虑体散射分量,并依此对模型进行了修正;(3)明确了形变梯度与相位梯度的差异以及两者的函数关系,并将入射角引入形变梯度函数模型.(4)通过模拟数据和真实数据比较各传感器在不同条件下形变监测的优缺点,在统计分析的基础上进一步验证结论.本文的研究是对干涉测量条件的进一步补充,对于理解干涉成像机理、完善InSAR数值计算模型(形变梯度模型和相干性分解模型)以及帮助研究人员根据研究区域特征选择合适的InSAR数据具有一定的参考价值.     

Macro-comprehensive evaluation method of high rock slope stability in hydropower projects

Combining with the characteristics of the rock slope in hydropower engineering, the evaluation index system of rock slope stability in hydropower projects is determined based on multiple factors, and based on this, research, collect and establish the typical rock slope database of hydropower projects. Based on the fuzzy optimal recognition theory and Case-Based Reasoning, two different methods of slope stability evaluation are established respectively. Analyzing the rock slope stability of one hydropower project by the two methods, a comparison is made between the two methods and the effectiveness of the methods is verified.     

地震作用下新疆喀什高台民居基于变形控制的土遗址边坡加固设计研究

为验证地震作用下格构式锚杆挡墙加固土遗址边坡的有效性,以新疆喀什高台民居土遗址边坡现有加固段为研究对象,利用有限元软件Midas/GTX NX建立三维动力分析模型,对地震作用下格构式锚杆挡墙加固土遗址边坡的变形控制进行研究分析。结果表明:地震作用下土遗址边坡在坡顶与坡脚处产生严重的位移变形,且随着地震持时增加呈现累加效果;土遗址边坡加固后能有效控制水平方向与垂直方向的位移变形,最大位移变形值满足控制要求;土遗址边坡加固后地震作用下的稳定性系数提高至1.54,满足规范要求值1.15。研究成果验证了格构式锚杆挡墙加固土遗址边坡能够有效控制位移变形,并提高稳定性。     

地震作用下节理岩质边坡稳定性影响因素研究

汶川地震灾害调查表明,在基岩山区地震滑塌主要发育在局部强度相对较大、节理较发育的厚层或块状岩体中.以岩石中含两组节理的岩质边坡为例,输入实际的地震记录,采用离散单元法进行数值模拟,分别探讨坡高、地震烈度、坡角及节理倾角组合对节理岩质边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:地震作用下坡体中质点的加速度、速度具有高程放大效应;节理岩质边坡稳定性随着坡高、坡角和地震烈度的增加而降低;两组节理不同组合的岩质边坡,其稳定性变化较为复杂,受节理倾角与坡角的关系、节理的倾向、两组节理之间夹角等因素的影响.节理岩质边坡在地震作用下是受拉区逐渐向受剪区扩展而最终导致边坡失稳破坏,是受拉和受剪的复合破坏.上述初步结论为评价山区节理较发育的岩质边坡在地震作用下的稳定性提供一定的依据.     

水平地震作用下黄土多级高填方边坡动力响应规律及稳定性分析

为研究水平地震作用下黄土多级高填方边坡动力响应规律及稳定性，本文以某高填方边坡工程为背景，利用GeoStudio2012有限元分析软件建立模型进行分析，并对比分析多级高填方边坡与单级填方边坡动力响应结果。计算结果表明，边坡坡面和挖填交界面上动力响应规律表现为:位移幅值基本随着高程的增加而增加；速度幅值随着高程的增加先增大后减小再增大；加速度幅值随着高程的增加有减小趋势；多级高填方边坡动力响应规律与单级填方边坡动力响应规律不同，单级填方边坡位移幅值、速度幅值、加速度幅值均随着高程的增加递增；地震波在坡体内传播时，随着高程的增加具有滞后性。边坡稳定性随着地震加速度峰值的增大有所下降，相比静力作用，水平地震作用下边坡稳定性下降明显。本文相关研究可为西北地区黄土高填方边坡工程抗震提供一定理论依据。     

The structure and sedimentology of relict talus,Trotternish, northern Skye,Scotland

Sections up to 3·5 m deep cut through the upper rectilinear segment of relict, vegetated talus slopes at the foot of the Trotternish escarpment reveal stacked debris-flow deposits intercalated with occasional slopewash horizons and buried organic soils. Radiocarbon dating of buried soil horizons indicates that reworking of sediment by debris flows predates 5·9–5·6 Cal ka BP , and has been intermittently active throughout the late Holocene. Particle size analyses of 18 bulk samples from these units indicates that c. 27–30 per cent of the talus deposit is composed of fine (<2 mm) sediment. Sedimentological comparison with tills excludes a glacigenic origin for the talus debris, and the angularity of constituent clasts suggests that in situ weathering has been insignificant in generating fine material. We conclude that the fine sediment within the talus is derived primarily by granular weathering of the rockwall, with syndepositional accumulation of both fine and coarse debris, implying that c. 27–30 per cent of rockwall retreat since deglaciation reflects granular weathering rather than rockfall. The abundance of fines within the talus deposits is inferred to have been of critical importance in facilitating build-up of porewater pressures during rainstorms, leading to episodic failure and flow of debris on the upper parts of the slope. A wider implication of these findings is that the mechanical properties of talus slopes cannot be regarded as those of free-draining accumulations of coarse clasts, and that models that treat talus slopes as such have limited value in explaining their form and evolution. Our findings lend support to models that envisage the upper straight slope on talus accumulations as the product of mass-transport as well as rockfall, and indicate that episodic debris flow has been the primary agent of mass-transport at this site. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.